This article is about the year 1612. For the Russian film, see
1612 (film) .
Calendar year
November 30 :Battle of Swally 1612 (MDCXII ) was aleap year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Wednesday of theJulian calendar , the 1612th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 12th year of the17th century , and the 3rd year of the1610s decade. As of the start of 1612, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 6 –Axel Oxenstierna becomesLord High Chancellor of Sweden . He persuades theRiksdag of the Estates to grant theSwedish nobility the right and privilege to hold all higher offices of government.January 10 –Gustavus Adolphus replies to Metropolitan Isidor, Odoevskij and the estates ofNovgorod , stating that he himself wishes to assume responsibility for the government of Novgorod and also of all Russians. A number of land grants signed the same day show that the Swedish king has assumed the title ofTsar .[ 1] January 20 February 11 –Battle of Vittsjö : KingGustavus Adolphus of Sweden and 3,000 of his troops are forced to retreat fromDenmark . The 17-year old king almost drowns while attempting to ride his horse across a frozen lake, but is rescued by two other members of his cavalry. The horse is lost.March 2 – TheFalse Dmitry III , one of three pretenders to the Russian throne who all claim to be sons ofIvan the Terrible , is recognized as Tsar of Russia by theCossacks .March 12 – At Daulambapur, nearKamalganj in what is now theSylhet Division inBangladesh , a battle takes place between 4,500 troops led by GeneralIslam Khan I of India'sMughal Empire , and 12,000 defenders led by the Afghan warlordKhwaja Usman . The Mughals are almost defeated until Usman is struck in the eye by an arrow fired from a crossbow.July 4 – (8th waxing ofWaso 974ME ) In what is nowMyanmar ,Min Khamaung becomes the newKing of Arakan upon the death of his father, KingMin Razagyi .July 22 – Four women and one man are hanged following theNorthamptonshire witch trials in England.July 24 –Marcantonio Memmo is elected as theDoge of theRepublic of Venice on the first ballot of the Venetian council, winning 38 of the 41 votes. Memmo succeeds the late DogeLeonardo Donato , who died on July 16.August 20 – TenPendle witches Lancashire in England.August 26 –Battle of Kringen : A Scottish mercenary force is destroyed in Norway.September 1 –Battle of Moscow (1612) : Led by GeneralJan Karol Chodkiewicz , a relief force from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose troops had been occupyingMoscow for two years, make an unsuccessful attempt to break the Russian siege of theKremlin , where GeneralMikolaj Strus and his troops are trapped. Both the Russians (led byDmitry Pozharsky ) and the Commonwealth troops suffer at least 1,000 deaths, but the Russians prevail. General Chodkiewicz tries a second attack the next day and fails.September 2 (August 23 O.S.) – TheLutheran Duchy of Prussia , a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the firstProtestant government to follow the Roman Catholic nations inadopting the Gregorian calendar .September 5 – England'sEast India Company gets its first warships and establishes the "'Honourable East India Company's Marine'" to protect its freighters. The force develops over the centuries into theRoyal Indian Navy and, after India's independence in 1947, theIndian Navy .September 22 – Retreating Polish and Lithuanian troops burn the Russian city ofVologda in reprisal for their defeat at Moscow.
Thomas Killigrew Pier Francesco Mola Joannes Meyssens Margherita de' Medici Frans Post January 17 –Thomas Fairfax , English Civil War general (d.1671 )[ 8] January 21 –Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz , Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (d.1640 )January 22 –Daniel Zwicker , German physician (d.1678 )January 23 –George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare , Irish earl (d.1660 )February 1 –William West , English politician (d.1670 )February 2 –Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth , English baron and politician (d.1665 )February 4 –Arthur Spry , English politician (d.1685 )February 5 –Crown Prince Sohyeon , Korean crown prince (d.1645 )February 6 –Antoine Arnauld , French theologian (d.1694 )February 7 –Thomas Killigrew , English dramatist and theatre manager (d.1683 )[ 9] February 9 –Pier Francesco Mola , Italian painter of the High Baroque (d.1666 )February 15 –Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve , French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (d.1676 )February 20 –Richard Olmsted , Connecticut settler (d.1687 )February 21 –Lorenzo Imperiali , Italian cardinal (d.1673 )February 22 (bapt.) –George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol , English statesman (d.1677 )March 20 –Anne Bradstreet , née Dudley, English-born American Puritan poet (d.1672 )April 6 –James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond (d.1655 )April 10 –Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1693 )April 12 –Simone Cantarini , Italian painter and engraver (d.1648 )April 28 –Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1622 to 1646 (d.1646 )May 6 –François-Joseph Bressani , Italian missionary (d.1672 )May 10 –Francesco Palliola , Italian Servant of God (d.1648 )May 12 –Laurence Womock , English Bishop of St David's (d.1687 )May 17 May 26 –Raja Wodeyar II , King of Mysore (d.1638 )May 31 –Margherita de' Medici , Italian noble (d.1679 )June 1 –Frans Post , Dutch painter (d.1680 )June 23 –André Tacquet , Brabantian mathematician, Jesuit priest (d.1660 )June 25 –John Albert Vasa , Polish bishop (d.1634 )June 29 –Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet , English politician (d.1679 )July 23 –Christian Lupus , Flemish historian (d.1681 )July 27 –Murad IV ,Ottoman Sultan (d.1640 )August 2 –Saskia van Uylenburgh , wife of painter Rembrandt van Rijn (d.1642 )August 10 –Charles de Grimaldi-Régusse , French aristocrat (d.1687 )August 12 –Allart Pieter van Jongestall , Dutch jurist, politician, and diplomat (d.1676 )August 17 –Jeremi Wiśniowiecki , Polish nobleman (d.1651 )August 23 –Francis Lascelles , English politician (d.1667 )August 28 –Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn , Dutch scholar (d.1653 )September 1 –Nicolas Chorier , French historian, lawyer and writer (d.1692 )September 24 –William Gawdy , English politician (d.1669 )October 6 October 14 October 18 –John Eliot , English politician (d.1685 )October 19 –Nicolas Chaperon , French painter (d.1656 )October 20 –Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington , Anglo-Irish nobleman, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, Cavalier (d.1698 )October 23 –Henry Lingen , English politician (d.1662 )October 25 –James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose , Scottish soldier (d.1650 )October 26 –Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester (d.1658 )October 27 –Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth , Electress of Saxony by marriage (1656–1680) (d.1687 )October 30 –Paul Würtz , Swedish general (d.1676 )November 7 –Pierre Mignard , French painter (d.1695 )November 11 November 17 –Dorgon , Chinese Manchu prince (d.1650 )November 28 –Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet , English politician and Baronet (d.1653 )December 2 –David Ryckaert III , Flemish painter (d.1661 )Leonard Holliday Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua Anne Catherine of Brandenburg Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp John Salusbury January 4 –Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel , Dutch writer (b.1549 )January 9 –Leonard Holliday , Lord Mayor of London, 1605-1606 (b.1550 )January 11 –Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi Dynasty of Golkonda; founded the city of Hyderabad (b.1565 )January 12 –Charles III de Croÿ , Belgian noble (b.1560 )January 13 –Jane Dormer , English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (b.1538 )January 20 –Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor , Austrian Habsburg ruler (b.1552 )[ 10] February 6 –Christopher Clavius , German mathematician and astronomer (b.1538 )February 9 –Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (b.1562 )February 12 –Jodocus Hondius , Flemish cartographer (b.1563 )February 17 –Ernest of Bavaria , German Catholic bishop (b.1554 )February 18 –Roberto di Ridolfi , Italian conspirator againstElizabeth I of England (b.1531 )[ 11] February 21 –Christian Barnekow , Danish noble, explorer and diplomat (b.1556 )March 16 –Margaret Fiennes, 11th Baroness Dacre (b.1541 )March 18 –Bartholomew Legate , English anti-Trinitarian martyr (b. c.1575 )March 19 –Sophia Olelkovich Radziwill , Polish-Lithuanian noble (b.1585 )April 5 –Diana Scultori , Italian engraverApril 8 –Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (b.1575 )April 11 April 19 –Anne d'Escars de Givry , French Catholic cardinal (b.1546 )April 21 –David van Goorle , theologian and theoretical scientist (b.1591 )May –False Dmitry III , pretender to the Russian throne (secretly executed)[ 13] May 19 –Gregorio Petrocchini , Italian Cardinal Bishop, Conclave member, Cardinal protector of the Augustines (b.1535 )May 24 –Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury , English statesman and spymaster (b.1563 )May 31 –Willem Isaacsz Swanenburg , Dutch engraver (b.1580 )June 5 –Arima Harunobu , Japanese daimyō (b.1567 )June 8 –Hans Leo Hassler , German composer (b.1562 )June 21 –Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (b.1561 )June 26 –Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland , eldest surviving son of John Manners (b.1576 )July 16 –Leonardo Donato , Doge of Venice (b.1536 )July 24 July 29 –Jacques Bongars , French scholar and diplomat (b.1554 )[ 15] August 3 –John Bond , English politician and classicist (b.1550 )August 4 –Hugh Broughton , English scholar (b.1549 )August 9 –Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1580–1612) (b.1576 )August 12 –Giovanni Gabrieli , Italian composer (b. c.1554 )August 15 –Michael Hicks , English politician (b.1543 )August 18 –Giacomo Boncompagni , Italian feudal lord of the 16th century (b.1548 )August 20 –Naitō Nobunari , Japanese samurai and daimyō of Omi Province (b.1545 )September 9 –Nakagawa Hidenari , Japanese warlord (b.1570 )September 12 – TsarVasili IV of Russia (b.1552 )September 13 –Karin Månsdotter , Queen of Sweden (b.1550 )September 24 –Johannes Lippius , German theologian, philosopher, composer, and music theorist (b.1585 )[ 16] September 27 –Piotr Skarga , Polish Jesuit and polemicist (b.1536 )[ 17] September 28 –Ernst Soner , German physician (b.1572 )October 7 October 10 –Bernardino Poccetti , Italian painter (b.1548 )October 23 –János Petki , Hungarian politician (b.1572 )October 28 –Edward Darcy , English politician (b.1544 )November 1 –Charles, Count of Soissons , Frenchprince du sang and military commander in the struggles over religion and the throne (b.1566 )November 2 –Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , 1581–1612 (b.1551 )November 6 November 9 –Paul Jenisch , German pastor (b.1551 )November 16 –William Stafford , English spy (b.1554 )November 20 –John Harington , English courtier, writer and inventor of a flush toilet (b.1561 )[ 20] November 23 November 26 –Thomas Walmsley , English judge (b.1537 )December 4 –Jacob Taets van Amerongen , Teutonic Knights commander (b.1542 )December 12 –Nicholas Mosley , Lord Mayor of London (b.1527 )December 22 –Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (b.1586 )[ 21] ^ Löfstrand, Elisabeth; Nordquist, Laila (2005).Accounts of an occupied city : catalogue of the Novgorod Occupation Archives 1611-1617 (PDF) (1st ed.). Stockholm:National Archives of Sweden . p. 41.ISBN 9188366677 ^a b c Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 244 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ "The Lancashire Witches in Historical Context", by James Sharpe, inThe Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories , ed. by Robert Poole, (Manchester University Press, 2002) p.2 ^ Soma Mukherjee (2001).Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions ISBN 978-81-212-0760-7 ^ Chester Dunning,A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004) pp. 296–297 ^ "Ahmed I" ,Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire ^ Manekshah Sorabshah Commissariat (1980).A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions ^ Geoffrey Ridsdill Smith; Margaret Toynbee; Peter Young (1977).Leaders of the Civil Wars, 1642-1648 ISBN 978-0-900093-56-2 ^ Christopher Baker (2002).Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720: A Biographical Dictionary ISBN 978-0-313-30827-7 ^ "Rudolf II | Holy Roman emperor" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedApril 13, 2020 .^ Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926).The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information ^ Walpole Society (Great Britain) (1980).The ... Volume of the Walpole Society ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc (1998).The New Encyclopaedia Britannica ISBN 978-0-85229-633-2 ^ Edmund Gosse (January 28, 2019).The Life and Letters of John Donne, Vol I: Dean of St. Paul's ISBN 978-1-5326-7810-3 ^ Keith Busby (1993).Les Manuscrits de Chrétien de Troyes ISBN 90-5183-603-1 ^ Benito V. Rivera (1980).German Music Theory in the Early 17th Century: The Treatises of Johannes Lippius ISBN 978-0-8357-1074-9 ^ Harvard Theological Studies ISBN 978-0-8006-7085-6 ^ Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800 ISBN 978-0-7876-6968-3 ^ Robert L. Martensen; James a Knight Chair in Humanities and Ethics in Medicine and Professor of Surgery Robert L Martensen (April 8, 2004).The Brain Takes Shape: An Early History ISBN 978-0-19-515172-5 ^ Jason Scott-Warren (2001).Sir John Harington and the Book as Gift ISBN 978-0-19-924445-4 ^ Ludwig Burchard; Roger Adolf d' Hulst (1963).Rubens Drawings ISBN 978-0-8390-9043-4 
%2c_Florence.jpg)
.jpg)
