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| 102nd Intelligence Wing | |
|---|---|
 101st Fighter Squadron F-47N Thunderbolts Logan Airport 1946 Republic P-47N-25-RE Thunderbolt 44-89347 in foreground | |
| Active | 15 October 1942 – Present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  Air National Guard |
| Type | Wing |
| Role | Ground-based distributed radar installation[1] |
| Size | 950 members: 80 officers 745 enlisted personnel |
| Part of | Massachusetts Air National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Otis Air National Guard Base, Mashpee, Massachusetts |
| Nickname(s) | "Eagle Keepers" "Bear Chasers" |
| Motto(s) | Omnis Vir Tigris (Latin for 'Every Man a Tiger') |
| Equipment | Distributed Common Ground Systems Air Operations Center[2] |
| Engagements | World War II Cold War Operation Noble Eagle |
| Decorations |  Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Personnel Center Awards Search (Post-1991) |
| Commanders | |
| Commander | Colonel Wendy Armijo |
| Vice Commander | Colonel James P. Hoye |
| Command Chief | Chief Master Sergeant John G. Dubuc |
| Insignia | |
| 102nd Intelligence Wing emblem |  |
TheUnited States Air Force's102nd Intelligence Wing of theMassachusetts Air National Guard, is amilitary intelligence unit located atOtis Air National Guard Base, Massachusetts. Its primary subordinate operational unit is the101st Intelligence Squadron. The 102nd Fighter Wing was redesignated the102nd Intelligence Wing on 6 April 2008 and was planned to reach full operational capacity in 2010.[3]
Thewing mission is "to provide world wide precision intelligence and command and control, along with trained and experienced airmen for expeditionary combat support and homeland security." In addition, the website says that their Air Force–based mission is in line with the ability of joint force commanders to keep pace with information and incorporate it into a campaign plan.[4] In addition to its strictly military role, the wing shares the overall Air National Guard mission of providing assistance during national emergencies such as natural disasters and civil disturbances.[4]
However, the 102nd Intelligence Wing has been ordered to halt its intelligence-gathering mission.[5][6] Secretary Austin has ordered a DoD-wide review of the military intelligence practices to be completed in 45 days.[7][8] The recertified 102nd ISRG (Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance group) resumed its intelligence mission on 1 June 2024.[9]
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102nd Intelligence Wing [10] | ||||
| 102nd Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance Group | 202nd Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance Group | 102nd Mission Support Group | 102nd Medical Group | 253rd Cyberspace Engineering Installation Group |
| 101st Intelligence Squadron | 267th Intelligence Squadron | 102nd Force Support Squadron | 102nd Guard Medical Unit | 212th Engineering Installation Squadron |
| 102nd Intelligence Support Squadron | 203rd Intelligence Squadron | 102nd Security Forces Squadron | 102nd EMEDS-CM | 202nd Weather Flight |
| 102nd Operations Support Squadron | 202nd Intelligence Support Squadron | 102nd Civil Engineer Squadron | ||
| 102nd Communications Flight | ||||
| 102nd Contracting Office | ||||
| 102nd Environmental Management Office | ||||
| 102nd Logistics Readiness Flight | ||||
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| 102nd Fighter Wing[11] | |||
| 102nd Operations Group | 102nd Maintenance Group | 102nd Mission Support Group | 102nd Medical Group |
| 101st Fighter Squadron | 102nd Aircraft Maintenance Squadron | 102nd Civil Engineering Squadron | 102nd Medical Squadron |
| 102nd Operations Support Flight | 102nd Maintenance Squadron | 102nd Communications Squadron | |
| 202nd Weather Flight | 102nd Maintenance Operations Flight | 102nd Security Forces Squadron | |
| 102nd Mission Support Flight | |||
| 102nd Student Pilot Flight | |||
| 102nd Services Flight | |||
According to the Air Force, the history of the 102nd begins with the318th Fighter Group, which was active during World War II. After the war, the 318th was inactivated, and eventually the 102nd Fighter Wing was formed, which had a direct lineage link.[dubious –discuss] In 1946, the 102nd was activated atLogan International Airport where it stayed until 1968, when it moved to Otis Air Force Base. Beginning in 1946, the wing began regular patrols of the Northeastern United States which took place in conjunction with Air Force active duty units. In 1968, the 102nd was moved to Otis, where it continued its regular patrols until 1973.
During the time that the wing had a flying mission, the wing deployed to many locations around the globe to assist in missions for the Air Force. In 1961, the wing deployed to France during theBerlin Crisis. Twenty eight years later, the wing deployed to Panama duringOperation Coronet Nighthawk. It also participated inOperation Northern Watch, helping to patrol theNo-Fly Zone north of the36th parallel in Iraq. During theSeptember 11 attacks, the 102nd Fighter Wing deployed the first Air Force aircraft toward New York City, but they arrived too late to stop the attacks.
Over the years, the wing has controlled many other Air National Guard units. Following the inactivation of the67th Fighter Wing in November 1950, the wing was put in charge of a few fighter units on the Atlantic Coast. In 1976, the wing even became responsible for the147th Fighter Interceptor Group, located in Texas.
Military downsizing through theBase Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process removed the wing'sF-15C Eagles beginning in 2007, leaving the 102nd with an intelligence gathering mission. If activated to federal service, the wing is gained by theUnited States Air ForceAir Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency, and is one of three Air National Guard wings under this agency. As commonwealth militia units, the units in the 102nd Intelligence Wing are not in the normalUnited States Air Forcechain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of theMassachusetts National Guard unless they are federalized by order of thePresident of the United States.
After a large-scaleleak of Department of Defense documents in early 2023 that were traced toJack Teixeira from the wing, the USAF announced a separate investigation on April 18 and halted the wing from carrying out its intelligence tasks.[12]
The 102nd Intelligence Wing traces its roots to the318th Fighter Group[13] which was formed in 1942. It fought in the Pacific as part of bomber escort missions to Japan, and participated in aircraft carrier operations, rarely experienced by theArmy Air Force.[13] The 318th returned to the United States after the war, was inactivated on 12 January 1946.[13]
The wartime 318th Fighter Group was redesignated the102nd Fighter Group, and allotted to theMassachusetts Air National Guard on 24 May 1946. It was organized atLogan Airport, Boston, and was extended federal recognition on 22 October 1946 by theNational Guard Bureau.
In 1946-47 the National Guard Bureau began a major expansion of its air units. Massachusetts was allotted the67th Fighter Wing, which consisted of the101st Fighter Squadron, the131st Fighter Squadron, the132nd Fighter Squadron, the 202nd Air Service Group, 601st Signal Construction Company, 101st Communications Squadron, 101st Air Control Squadron,151st Air Control and Warning Group,567th Air Force Band, 101st Weather Flight and the 1801st Aviation Engineer Company. The 67th Wing was assigned toAir Defense Command.[14]
Guard units were generally neglected when theUnited States Air Force was created.[14] Despite the introduction of jet fighters, the Guard units were left with generally overused World War II propeller aircraft, and had few funds for training.[14] As the Cold War intensified, the Air Force looked to the Guard to fill United States–based interception missions and started overhauling their organization.[14] Although theMassachusetts Air National Guard was not federalized for theKorean War, many airmen volunteered for active duty and flew inKorea.[14] On 1 November 1950, the 67th Fighter Wing was inactivated and replaced by the102nd Fighter Wing, including just the 101st and 131st squadrons and their associated support units,[14] and at some point before 1961 the wing was renamed a Tactical Fighter Wing. Additionally, the wing kept the 567th, and the 1801st.[14] The squadrons were issuedF-84B Thunderjets, but these were recalled and replaced byF-51 Mustangs which were flown until 1954 when theF-94 Starfire replaced the Mustangs.[14] In 1952 the253rd Combat Communications Group was activated and added to the 102nd.[14] In 1958 the Wing converted to theF-86H Sabre.[14]
From 195, the 102nd was commanded byBrigadier GeneralCharles W. Sweeney, pilot of theB-29 SuperfortressBockscar that dropped theFat Mannuclear bomb onNagasaki, Japan.[15] During his tenure, the wing developed from a rather new unit to the mainstay of air defense in the Northeastern United States.[14] Sweeney retired as a major general in 1976.
On 16 August 1961, when theBerlin Wall crisis was unfolding, severalUnited States Air Force Reserve units were notified of their pending recall to active duty. On 1 October the wing and its three squadrons, the 101st, 131st and 138th were placed on active duty atOtis Air Force Base.[15]
In late October, the 102nd departed Logan forPhalsbourg-Bourscheid Air Base,Phalsbourg, France.[14] The wing had 82 Sabres, plus twoC-47 Skytrains and sixT-33 Shooting Stars for support and training purposes. During the crisis, the wing controlled the 102nd Tactical Fighter Group, the104th Tactical Fighter Group, and the174th Tactical Fighter Group from New York.[16] The 102nd's primary mission was to provide close air support toNATO ground forces, including theSeventh Army,[14] and air interdiction.[14] During the blockade, the 102nd did not incur any losses.[14] Starting on 5 December 1961 the 102nd began deploying toWheelus Air Base, Libya for gunnery training.
During its time in Europe, the 102nd participated in severalUnited States Air Force andNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization exercises, including a deployment toLeck Air Base, West Germany near the Danish border. At Leck, ground and support crews from both countries exchanged duties, learning how to perform aircraft maintenance and operational support tasks.
The 102nd returned to the United States in August 1962.[14] Regular Air Force personnel and a group of Air National Guard personnel who volunteered to remain on active duty formed the480th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the newly activated366th Tactical Fighter Wing.[17]
In 1968, the 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing moved toOtis Air Force Base, and was reassigned from theAir Defense Command to theTactical Air Command the next year. The wing flew theF-84F Thunderstreak from 1964 until June 1971, when a squadron ofF-100D Super Sabres was transferred directly from units fighting theVietnam War.[16] These were superseded soon after by theMach 2F-106 Delta Darts and on 10 June 1972, the unit became the102nd Air Defense Wing.[16] On 30 December 1973, Otis Air Force Base was inactivated and transferred to theMassachusetts Air National Guard asOtis Air National Guard Base.[18]
The wing interceptedSovietTupolev Tu-95 Bear bombers on many occasions, the first of which occurred offLong Island on 25 April 1975.[19] Many of these incidents involved escorting the Bears toCuba. The wing occasionally shadowed drug smuggling aircraft, and on one occasion was scrambled to escort an unidentified object, which later turned out to be a weather balloon.[20]
In 1976, the102nd Fighter Interceptor Group was inactivated and reformed as the102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing. It assumed authority for the177th Fighter Interceptor Group atAtlantic City Air National Guard Base and the125th Fighter Interceptor Group atJacksonville Air National Guard Base. Both units flew the F-106. It also assumed command of the107th Fighter Interceptor Group atNiagara Falls Air Reserve Station and the147th Fighter Interceptor Group atEllington Field, Texas. The latter two flew theF-4C Phantom.[16]
The 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing lost its F-106s on 5 January 1988. Between January and April 1988, the wing converted to theF-15A Eagle, which it received from the5th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron which was inactivating atMinot Air Force Base.[21] It then resumed its alert commitment at Otis, and also established a new Detachment 1 atLoring Air Force Base, taking over for the inactivating 5th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron. The 102nd was the first Air National Guard unit to be equipped with the 102nd 's conversion to the F-15 marked the first Air National Guard air defense unit to receive the Eagle. The 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing was redesignated the 102nd Fighter Wing in April 1992.[16]
On 24 January 1989, airmen monitoring the radar at theNortheast Air Defense Sector atGriffiss Air Force Base spotted a plane which was not following any known flight plan. The order was then given to "scramble the Eagles," after repeated attempts to contact the pilot failed. Two jets then took off from Loring to search for the "unknown rider." The pilots later came across a plane that was blacked out, with no lights on inside or outside. The pilot was a narcotics smuggler fromColombia'sMedellin drug cartel. He was carrying had a street value of two hundred million dollars in the amount of 500 kilograms ofcocaine.[22]
The wing continued its air defense mission after thefall of theSoviet Union. In 1992, the wing deployed eight pilots, five F-15 Eagles, and 48 maintenance and security personnel, for five days training atCanadian Forces Base Goose Bay,Labrador, Canada.[18] The same year, with the reorganization of the Air Force, the wing was reassigned from the disbandingTactical Air Command to the newly formedAir Combat Command.[23] In July 1993, the wing deployed 50 personnel from the 102nd Civil Engineering Squadron under field conditions, to the island ofEleuthera in theBahamas. They helped rebuild schools and municipal facilities damaged byHurricane Andrew.[1]
On 11 February 1993, jets were scrambled to intercept the hijackedLufthansa Flight 592, which eventually landed atJohn F. Kennedy International Airport without incident. The planes were joined by F-16s from the177th Fighter Wing inAtlantic City, New Jersey. The F-15s initially intercepted the aircraft off the coast of eastern Canada. The planes then began to trail the jet at a distance of 10-mile (16 km). As they approached the airport, the distance decreased to 5-mile (8.0 km). The fighters then did a low fly-by as the plane landed. They continued to circle around the airport until they returned to Otis.[24]
In 1994, the 102nd received moreF-15A/B Eagles from the32nd Fighter Group atSoesterberg Air Base, which was inactivating as part of the postCold War draw down of forces in Europe.[21]
Between 1991 and 1995, the 102nd deployed toPanama as part ofOperation Coronet Nighthawk, which was a drug interdiction operation. In 1992 the wing became simply the102nd Fighter Wing as part of an Air Force-wide renaming of units.[25] The wing was deployed from 1995 to 1998 toIceland for periodic 45-day deployments. In 1998, the wing's members also trained and deployed to Iceland, Canada, Korea, and Europe. The next year, the 102nd participated inOperation Northern Watch and was deployed toTurkey in order to enforce the no-fly zone over Iraq north of the 36th Parallel. In 2000, personnel were deployed to the Middle East and Europe in order to participate inOperation Southern Watch.[1]
Around 8:30 on the morning of 11 September 2001, the Otis Air Base Operations Center received a call from theFederal Aviation Administration's Cape Cod Facility Calls Operations Center that it might be receiving a call from theNorth American Aerospace Defense Command'sNortheast Air Defense Sector. The manager of the Cape Cod facility then called the 102nd atOtis Air National Guard Base as they figured "...a call [to Otis Air Base] will be coming from NEADS soon and a scramble order is likely."[24] He called the base because he figured that the pilots would appreciate the heads up. When he called the Otis operations center, the superintendent of aviation management, Mark Rose, answered. He was initially confused by the call as no identification was given. Lieutenant ColonelTimothy Duffy was then handed the phone and alerted of the situation. On his radio, he called pilot MajorDaniel Nash, the pilot who was sharing alert duty, and told him to get ready for a coming alert call. He also told him to suit up and get ready for a scramble call.[24]
Soon after, the commander of the101st Fighter Squadron phoned theNortheast Air Defense Sector and asked for permission to launch the fighter jets. The sector in turn responded by ordering the commander of the weapons team which controlled the jets, Major Kevin Naspany, to place the fighters on "battle stations." This resulted in a warning siren sounding at Otis and the pilots scrambled to their jets. Four to five minutes later, the scramble order was received and the jets took off. Officially, this occurred at 8:46 am, with a six-minute difference between the official and unofficial accounts. Duffy radioed his command post for guidance and was told among other things thatAmerican Airlines Flight 11 was aBoeing 737, when in reality it was a767. Once in the air, their radar kicked in, allowing them to effectively intercept the plane.[24]
Difficulties in accurately locating Flight 11 caused a delay of five minutes, to 8:43 am, before the scramble order was given and pilots Duffy and Nash could respond. When Flight 11 hit the North Tower at 8:46, the two jets were still readying for flight and did not take off until 8:52 am.
Major Naspany was then asked what to do with the fighters and he responded by saying, "Send 'em to New York City still. Continue! Go! This is what I got. Possible news that a 737 just hit the World Trade Center. This is a real-world...Continue taking the fighters down to the New York City area, JFK [International Airport] area, if you can. Make sure that the FAA clears it—your route all the way through...Let's press with this."[24] Unsure of their target, they were directed to a holding pattern in military-controlled airspace Whiskey 105 off ofLong Island to avoid New York area air traffic. At 9:03 am,United Airlines Flight 175 hit the South Tower as the fighters were progressing to their holding position. TheNortheast Air Defense Sector was not advised of this hijacked aircraft until 9:03.
Between 9:09 and 9:13, the jets stayed in a holding pattern. Soon after, they headed towardManhattan and arrived at 9:25, where they established aCombat Air Patrol over the city.[26][27][28]
While all of this was going on, senior battle staff atOtis were watching the news whenUnited Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower. This immediately caused one commander to shout out, "We need to go to battle staff!" This order caused senior commanders to disperse and head towards nearby operations buildings. Inside, the gathered together in the battle cab of the installation operations center. Soon after, a voice came over the base's loudspeakers: "The commander has ordered the 102nd core battle staff to assemble. Please report to the operations building immediately." Mobilization of the wing began to occur after this time. At the time of the order, eighteen planes were ready for flight and commanders began to prepare based on what they anticipated they would be asked to do. Most of these actions were guessing because there had never been an attack on the country before. Knowing that they could not await on guidance from theNorth American Aerospace Defense Command, the recalled all training flights and began loading fuel and weapons onto all available fighter jets.[24]
Meanwhile, at the battle cab, a maintenance squadron officer was told, "Listen, I want you to generate as many airframes [i.e. fighter jets] as you can!" This immediately caused all personnel to be called back and they were ordered to work on the remaining jets. This rush involved the placement of missiles on all jets, including some newer missiles which were rarely pulled out. Six jets which were on a training mission were traversing through the Whiskey Airspace when they were told by theBoston Air Route Traffic Control Center to head back to Otis immediately. Once landed, the pilots were told to park their jets but leave the engines running. Finally, the first planes took off at 10:20 in the morning.[24]
After a while, an order was received to launch all available fighters. Pilots were briefed on the national emergency and the potential that they might have to take out an aircraft. At this point, someone then ran into the room and said that there had been an order that was received from theNortheast Air Defense Sector that all available jets must launch. The pilots then ran out to their aircraft with speaker Treacy saying "Go, go, go!" In the haste that the morning had become, not all the jets had been refueled and a majority of the jets were still unarmed. The handful of jets that were armed were sent up with one or two missiles. The standard missile load involves at least two missiles at launch. This is after the handlers had worked at a "furious pace" and "hurried to fix all available jets with live weapons." Arming of the jets even began fifteen minutes after the South Tower had been hit. This fact would later lend credence to the theory that there was an idea floating around to ram the hijacked planes with a jet. Starting around 10:30 and ending at six that night, all twenty one planes were put into the air.[24][29]
After the initial shock of the attacks had passed, questions arose about how the military handled the hijacking and subsequent response with the jets. Some thought that the jets had been purposely kept from flying immediately to New York City.[30] The questions arising from the response time of the jets come from the practice ofCold War era policies which prohibited the immediate response to an emergency like a hijacking.[31] First responder and pilot Daniel Nash said that he could not recall being told that the North Tower was hit but he did remember seeing the smoke over 70-mile (110 km) away.[30] It is also claimed by conspiracists that the calculations of North American Aerospace Defense Command were incorrect because according to their own calculations, the planes were flying at 24% of their maximum speed.[30] This statement takes into account the time in which the planes were in a holding pattern over military airspace. The jets were also prohibited from going supersonic over land byFederal Aviation Administration rules. These rules are meant to prevent damage to buildings from the shock wave a sonic boom produces.[32][33]
More than 600 wing members were mobilized forOperation Noble Eagle, and the wing began flying around-the-clockcombat air patrol missions immediately thereafter. This continued until February 2002.[18] On 22 December 2001 the wing escortedAmerican Airlines Flight 63 as a direct result ofRichard Reidtrying to blow up a plane.[34]
In the buildup to the invasion of Afghanistan, six F-15s and 161 personnel were sent to thePersian Gulf region.[35] The wing also patrolled the skies of the Northeastern United States during this time period. The wing though never deployed forOperation Iraqi Freedom. The wing converted from the F-15A/B to the F-15C/D in 2004.[36] These planes came fromKadena Air Base.[16]
The Base Realignment and Closure 2005 commission originally planned to closeOtis Air National Guard Base and dissolve the 102nd.[37] Locals argued that this would leave a huge gap in the national air defenses. Commission officials, after visiting the base, decided to keep it open, but the 102nd would still lose its planes, only this time they were only going to the104th Fighter Wing, based atBarnes Municipal Airport.[20]
In May 2006 it trained with theIsraeli Air Force's115 Squadron.[38]
The wing hosted theCape Cod Air Show & Open House, its last air show with theF-15C Eagle at the end of Air Force Week in August 2007. The wing shared a commonality with the101st Air Refueling Wing,[39] the103d Fighter Wing,[39][40] and the104th Fighter Wing,[39] which due to commission decisions, also changed the type of planes that they flew. Beginning in 2007, the F-15s began moving toBarnes Municipal Airport. With the grounding of theF-15 Eagles, the158th Fighter Wing, which is based inVermont took over the role of patrolling the Northeast's skies earlier than expected.[41] This interruption of the F-15's flight, coinciding with the transitioning of the fighter jets to the104th Fighter Wing, created some issues.[41]
On 24 January 2008, the 102nd Fighter Wing flew its last patrol mission.[20] The unit is wing commander, Colonel Anthony Schiavi, led the flight, accompanied by Major Daniel Nash, who was one of the first responders for 9/11. Fire trucks were on hand when the team landed a half-hour later, giving the planes and the pilots the customary ceremonial hose-down for the last time.[20]
When it was announced that the wing would be restructured andOtis Air National Guard Base would remain open, discussions began about the future of the 102nd. Staff of the 102nd and those atMassachusetts Air National Guard headquarters considered a plan centered on the idea that the wing could transition to an intelligence mission to support the growingWar on Terror. The idea hit a roadblock when it was announced that the funds which the wing could use to convert into its new mission had been depleted.[42]
Eventually, GovernorDeval Patrick announced that the wing would adopt an intelligence role as soon as the aircraft left.[43]
Original Base Realignment and Closure commission plans only hinted at aDistributed Common Ground System being created at Otis.[44] These plans did not include the air guardsmen affected by the loss of their jobs. The issue was resolved when the Air Force announced its plans, right before the F-15s started to leave for Barnes.[43]
Members of the wing had the option of moving with the F-15s to Barnes, but most decided to stay behind and train for new missions. The crash trucks went to Barnes, leaving thebrush breakers of theMassachusetts Military Reservation behind. The buildings formerly occupied by the fighter wing, including the hangars, will be occupied by the intelligence mission.[42]
On 6 November 2009, ground was broken on new facilities for the 102nd Intelligence Wing. The building was to eventually replace the temporary facilities in which the wing was then operating.[45]
In an article published on April 13, 2023, theNew York Times revealed that the individual responsible for the2023 Pentagon document leaks was a junior enlisted member of the 102nd.[46][47] The FBI arrested Airman 1st ClassJack Teixeira, cyber transport systems journeyman of the 102nd Intelligence Wing,Joint Base Cape Cod for allegedly uploading Top Secret information to aDiscord server.[48] Teixeira was stationed atFort Bragg during the time of the data leaks, which were widely reported.[48]
The detachment commander and operations commander of the 102nd Intelligence Support Squadron have both been suspended, pending completion of the Inspector General's investigation into the leak; both commanders have also lost their access to classified data.[49] Other airmen from the unit are sidelined from the primary mission of the 102nd.[50]
Texeira was observed making notes on the intelligence stream and was warned about his behavior.[51] Texeira has been indicted on six counts; after the warnings, authorities were baffled over how long Texeira was allowed to continue to operate at the Air National Guard Base.[48][52][53]SeeNeed to know
In response, the Pentagon is instituting °Top Secret Control Officers,[54] °plans for electronic device detection systems suitable for classified, secret, and top secret areas, and °an office to address insider threats. The Justice department said each violation for "Unauthorized retention and transmission of national defense information provides for a sentence of up to 10 years in prison, up to three years of supervised release, and a fine of up to $250,000".[54][55]
On 11 December 2023 Wing Commander Sean Riley was relieved of command, and 14 others were disciplined.[56]
On 28 June 2023 the 102nd Wing commander announced the formation of an A-staff to operate in parallel with wing staff;[57] from twenty to twenty-six positions would reach initial operating capability (IOC) on 1 October 2023.[57] The A-staff would have crisis action planning capability to off-load demands on the operational wing;[57] the A-staff will have functional directorates (A-1: Manpower, Personnel and Services, A-2/3/5: Intelligence, Operations and Strategic Plans, A-4: Logistics and Engineering, and A-6: Communications), each reporting to the wing's chief of staff. 102nd IW will serve as test unit for non-flying wings,[57] and a beta site forISR (Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance).[58] Corresponding A-staffs are being formed, for example at Air Task Forces (ATFs) as a test.[59]
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