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Voiceless alveolar tap and flap

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromɾ̞̊)
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɾ̥⟩ in IPA
Voiceless alveolar tap
ɾ̥
IPA number124 402A
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPA4_0

Thevoiceless alveolar tap orflap is rare as a phoneme. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɾ̥⟩, a combination of the letter for thevoiced alveolar tap/flap and adiacritic indicatingvoicelessness. The equivalentX-SAMPA symbol is4_0.

Thevoiceless alveolar tapped fricative reported from some languages is actually a very briefvoiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.

Features

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Features of the voiceless alveolar tap or flap:

  • Itsmanner of articulation istap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that the tongue makes very brief contact.
  • Itsplace of articulation isdental oralveolar, which means it is articulated behind upper front teeth or at thealveolar ridge. It is most oftenapical, which means that it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.
  • Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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Alveolar

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LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Bengali[1]আবার[ˈäbäɾ̥]'again'Possible allophone of/ɹ/ in the syllable coda.[1] SeeBengali phonology
Englishthrow[θɾ̪̊oʊ]'throw'Allophone of/ɹ/ after/θ/.
GreekCypriotαρφός[ɐɾ̥ˈfo̞s]'brother'Allophone of/ɾ/ before voiceless consonants. May be avoiceless alveolar trill instead
Icelandichrafn[ˈɾ̥apn̪̊]'raven'Realization of/r̥/ for some speakers. Also illustrates/n̥/. SeeIcelandic phonology
PortugueseEuropean[2]assar[əˈsäɾ̥]'to bake'Apparent allophone of/ɾ/; distribution unclear, but common in thecoda inJesus (2001)'s corpus. SeePortuguese phonology
Turkishbir[biɾ̝̊]'one'/ɾ/ is frequently devoiced word-finally and before a voiceless consonant. SeeTurkish phonology
Wu ChineseXuanzhou Wu (Nanling variety)/ɾ̥ɦi˨˦/'brother'/ɾ̥ɦ/ corresponds to /d/ in other varieties (cf.Shanghainese/di˩˦/). Xuanzhou varieties tend to have /ɾ/ as their primary realisation of this phoneme (cf.Tonglingese [zh] /ɾɦi˧˦/)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^abKhan (2010:224)
  2. ^Jesus (2001)

References

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External links

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IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱnɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatetsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantʋɹɻjɰʔ̞
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̆
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭʎʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̥𝼈ʎ̆ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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The letterR
General
Pronunciations
Variations
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