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Wayback Machine
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Organization:Archive Team
Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.

History is littered with hundreds of conflicts over the future of a community, group, location or business that were "resolved" when one of the parties stepped ahead and destroyed what was there. With the original point of contention destroyed, the debates would fall to the wayside. Archive Team believes that by duplicated condemned data, the conversation and debate can continue, as well as the richness and insight gained by keeping the materials. Our projects have ranged in size from a single volunteer downloading the data to a small-but-critical site, to over 100 volunteers stepping forward to acquire terabytes of user-created data to save for future generations.

The main site for Archive Team is atarchiveteam.org and contains up to the date information on various projects, manifestos, plans and walkthroughs.

This collection contains the output of many Archive Team projects, both ongoing and completed. Thanks to the generous providing of disk space by the Internet Archive, multi-terabyte datasets can be made available, as well as in use by theWayback Machine, providing a path back to lost websites and work.

Our collection has grown to the point of having sub-collections for the type of data we acquire. If you are seeking to browse the contents of these collections, the Wayback Machine is the best first stop. Otherwise, you are free to dig into the stacks to see what you may find.

The Archive Team Panic Downloads are full pulldowns of currently extant websites, meant to serve as emergency backups for needed sites that are in danger of closing, or which will be missed dearly if suddenly lost due to hard drive crashes or server failures.

ArchiveBot is an IRC bot designed to automate the archival of smaller websites (e.g. up to a few hundred thousand URLs). You give it a URL to start at, and it grabs all content under that URL, records it in a WARC, and then uploads that WARC to ArchiveTeam servers for eventual injection into the Internet Archive (or other archive sites).

To use ArchiveBot, drop by #archivebot on EFNet. To interact with ArchiveBot, you issue commands by typing it into the channel. Note you will need channel operator permissions in order to issue archiving jobs. The dashboard shows the sites being downloaded currently.

There is a dashboard running for the archivebot process athttp://www.archivebot.com.

ArchiveBot's source code can be found athttps://github.com/ArchiveTeam/ArchiveBot.

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The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20231006225339/http://www.messier.seds.org/m/m104.html
<M103 ..M104 ..Messier Index ..M105 >

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Messier 104

SpiralGalaxy M104 (NGC 4594), type Sa, inVirgo

Sombrero Galaxy

[m104.jpg]

Right Ascension12 : 40.0 (h:m)
Declination-11 : 37 (deg:m)
Distance50000 (kly)
Visual Brightness8.0 (mag)
Apparent Dimension9x4 (arc min)

Discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781.

Messier 104 (M104, NGC 4594) is numerically the first object of the catalog which was not included in Messier's originally published catalog. However,Charles Messier added it by hand to his personal copy on May 11, 1781, anddescribed it as a "very faint nebula." It wasCamille Flammarion who found that its position coincided with Herschel's H I.43, which is the Sombrero Galaxy (NGC 4594), andadded it to the official Messier list in 1921. This object is also mentioned byPierre Méchain as his discovery in hisletter of May 6, 1783.William Herschel found this object independently on May 9, 1784.

This brilliant galaxy was named the Sombrero Galaxy because of its appearance. According to de Vaucouleurs, we view it from just 6 degreessouth of its equatorial plane, which is outlined by a rather thick darkrim of obscuring dust. This dust lane was probably the first discovered,by William Herschel in his great reflector.

This galaxy is of type Sa-Sb, with both a big bright core, and as one can see in shorter exposures, also well-defined spiral arms. It also has an unusually pronounced bulge with an extended and richly populated globularcluster system - several hundred can be counted in long exposures from bigtelescopes.

Recent very deep photographs from the Australian Astronomical Observatory show that this galaxy hasa very extended faint halo.

This galaxy was the first one with a large redshift found, by Vesto M. Slipherat Lowell Observatory in 1912. Its redshift corresponds to a recession velocity of about 1,000 km/sec (it is caused by the Hubble effect, i.e.the cosmic expansion). This was too fast for the Sombrero to be an objectin our Milky Way galaxy. Slipher also detected the galaxy's (then the nebula's) rotation.

M104 is the dominating member of a small group of galaxies, theM104 group or NGC 4594 group of galaxies.

  • Historical Observations and Descriptions of M104
  • Hubble Space Telescope images of M104
  • ESO/VLT images of M104
  • More images of M104
  • Amateur images of M104;More amateur images

  • Multispectral Image Collection of M104, SIRTF Multiwavelength Messier Museum
  • SIMBAD Data of M104
  • NED Data of M104
  • Publications on M104 (NASA ADS)
  • Observing Reports for M104 (IAAC Netastrocatalog)
  • NGC Online data for M104


    Hartmut Frommert
    Christine Kronberg
    [contact]

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