Unlike most psychiatric diagnoses, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined in relation to a potentially etiologic event (the traumatic “stressor criterion”) that is fundamental to its conceptualization. The diagnosis of PTSD thus inherently ...

Article

January 2009

Placebo Response in Randomized Controlled Trials of Antidepressants for Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Pages:42–49
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020247

Preview Abstract

Objective: The authors examined characteristics and predictors of response to placebo in all available reports of short-term randomized controlled trials of antidepressants for pediatric major depressive disorder. Method: ...

January 2009

Childhood IQ and Adult Mental Disorders: A Test of the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis

Pages:50–57
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030343

Preview Abstract

Objective: Cognitive reserve has been proposed as important in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, tests of the association between premorbid IQ and adult mental disorders other than schizophrenia have been limited and ...

January 2009

Psychostimulant Treatment and the Developing Cortex in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Pages:58–63
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050781

Preview Abstract

Objective: While there has been considerable concern over possible adverse effects of psychostimulants on brain development, this issue has not been examined in a prospective study. The authors sought to determine prospectively whether ...

January 2009

Altered Striatal Activation Predicting Real-World Positive Affect in Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder

Pages:64–73
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081336

Preview Abstract

Objective: Alterations in reward-related brain function and phenomenological aspects of positive affect are increasingly examined in the development of major depressive disorder. The authors tested differences in reward-related brain function ...

January 2009

Basal Ganglia Volume and Shape in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Pages:74–82
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030426

Preview Abstract

Objective: Volumetric abnormalities of basal ganglia have been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in boys. To specify localization of these abnormalities, large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (...

January 2009

Disorder-Specific Dissociation of Orbitofrontal Dysfunction in Boys With Pure Conduct Disorder During Reward and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Dysfunction in Boys With Pure ADHD During Sustained Attention

Pages:83–94
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020212

Preview Abstract

Objective: Among children, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder are often comorbid and overlap clinically. Neuropsychological evidence suggests that children with conduct disorder demonstrate more prominent ...

January 2009

Amygdala Hypoactivity to Fearful Faces in Boys With Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Pages:95–102
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071050

Preview Abstract

Objective: Although early-onset conduct problems predict both psychiatric and health problems in adult life, little research has been done to index neural correlates of conduct problems. Emerging research suggests that a subgroup of children ...

January 2009

Psychiatric Disorders and Repeat Incarcerations: The Revolving Prison Door

Pages:103–109
Published Online:1 January 2009

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030416

Preview Abstract

Objective: A number of legal, social, and political factors over the past 40 years have led to the current epidemic of psychiatric disorders in the U.S. prison system. Although numerous investigations have reported substantially elevated rates ...