OBJECTIVE: This article delineates the main psychological interventions used by American asylum superintendents practicing moral treatment between 1815 and 1875. Further, it explores the impact of Protestant religious ideas on specific aspects of moral ...

Regular Article

August 1998

Nicotine-Induced Limbic Cortical Activation in the Human Brain: A Functional MRI Study

Pages:1009–1015
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1009

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and cigarette smoking is a major cause of premature death among humans. Little is known about the neuropharmacology and sites of action of nicotine in the human brain. Such knowledge might help in the ...

August 1998

Cannabis Use, Abuse, and Dependence in a Population-Based Sample of Female Twins

Kenneth S. Kendler,M.D., and
Carol A. Prescott,Ph.D.

Pages:1016–1022
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1016

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The rate of cannabis use by women has been increasing in recent decades. This study examined the etiology of cannabis use and abuse among women and the possible role of genetic risk factors. METHOD: Unselected individual twins (N=1,934) from ...

August 1998

In Vivo Association Between Alcohol Intoxication, Aggression, and Serotonin Transporter Availability in Nonhuman Primates

Pages:1023–1028
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1023

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Studies on brain serotonin metabolism in human and nonhuman primates have indicated that dysfunction of serotonin transmission may play a role in the biological vulnerability to dependence on alcohol. Among young men, low sensitivity to alcohol ...

August 1998

Participation and Outcome in a Residential Treatment and Work Therapy Program for Addictive Disorders: The Effects of Race

Robert Rosenheck,M.D., and
Catherine Leda Seibyl,M.S.N., M.P.H.

Pages:1029–1034
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1029

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined differences in program participation and outcome between black and white veterans with addictive disorders who participated in an intensive Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) residential work therapy program. METHOD: Data ...

August 1998

How Common Is Resistance to Treatment in Recurrent, Nonpsychotic Geriatric Depression?

Pages:1035–1038
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1035

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Effective treatments are available for major depressive disorder in later life. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the frequency of treatment resistance among the elderly. METHOD: Treatment resistance, defined as lack of recovery ...

August 1998

Preclinical Symptoms of Major Depression in Very Old Age: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Anna-Karin Berger,M.Sc.,
Brent J. Small,Ph.D.,
Yvonne Forsell,M.D., Ph.D.,
Bengt Winblad,M.D., Ph.D., and
Lars Bäckman,Ph.D.

Pages:1039–1043
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1039

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to examine whether individuals diagnosed as having major depression experienced greater levels of depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction up to 3 years before the clinical diagnosis was rendered. METHOD: The study ...

August 1998

Reliability and Validity of Depressive Personality Disorder

Pages:1044–1048
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1044

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Depressive personality disorder was introduced into DSM-IV's appendix amid controversy. While that disorder appears to be a reliable and valid one, the authors offer new data about its relationship to major depression, dysthymic disorder, and ...

August 1998

Structural Evaluation of the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia

Pages:1049–1055
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1049

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Altered prefrontal cortical function has been repeatedly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Attempts to determine whether this altered function is associated with structural changes in the prefrontal cortex have been hampered ...

August 1998

Attenuated Frontal Activation During a Verbal Fluency Task in Patients With Schizophrenia

Vivienne A. Curtis,M.B., B.S., M.R.C.Psych.,
Edward T. Bullmore,Ph.D., M.R.C.Psych.,
Michael J. Brammer,Ph.D.,
Ian C. Wright,M.B., B.Chir., M.R.C.Psych.,
Steve C.R. Williams,Ph.D.,
Robin G. Morris,Ph.D.,
Tonmoy S. Sharma,M.B., B.S., M.R.C.Psych.,
Robin M. Murray,M.D., and
Philip K. McGuire,M.D., M.R.C.Psych.

Pages:1056–1063
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1056

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study changes in cerebral blood oxygenation in schizophrenic patients during a verbal fluency task. METHOD: Five right-handed male schizophrenic patients and five volunteers matched on ...

August 1998

Structural Magnetic Resonance Image Averaging in Schizophrenia

Pages:1064–1073
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1064

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Intersubject averaging of structural magnetic resonance (MR) images has been infrequently used as a means to study group differences in cerebral structure throughout the brain. In the present study, the authors used linear intersubject ...

August 1998

Frequency and Severity of Enlarged Cavum Septi Pellucidi in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

Pages:1074–1079
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1074

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Patients with schizophrenia have been reported to have a higher frequency of enlarged cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in comparison with normal subjects. Neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia suggest that the more severe the brain dysgenesis, ...

August 1998

Symptoms, Cognitive Functioning, and Adaptive Skills in Geriatric Patients With Lifelong Schizophrenia: A Comparison Across Treatment Sites

Pages:1080–1086
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1080

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although many geriatric patients with schizophrenia have been referred to nursing home care, little is known about their characteristics. Across nursing home and chronic hospital settings, the authors directly assessed poor outcome geriatric ...

August 1998

Skills Training Versus Psychosocial Occupational Therapy for Persons With Persistent Schizophrenia

Pages:1087–1091
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1087

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the community functioning of outpatients with persistent forms of schizophrenia after treatment with psychosocial occupational therapy or social skills training, with the latter conducted by paraprofessionals. METHOD: ...

August 1998

The Social Consequences of Psychiatric Disorders, III: Probability of Marital Stability

Pages:1092–1096
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1092

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The associations of prior DSM-III-R disorders with probability and timing of subsequent divorce were examined. METHOD: The data came from the part II subsample (N=5,877) of the National Comorbidity Survey. The respondents completed a structured ...

August 1998

Management of Threats of Violence Under California's Duty-to-Protect Statute

Pages:1097–1101
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1097

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This is the first study to assess clinical practices under one of the new duty-to-protect statutes, some version of which has been passed in many states. In 1985, California enacted a statute enabling psychotherapists to limit their liability ...

August 1998

Characteristics of Psychiatric Inpatients Who Stalk, Threaten, or Harass Hospital Staff After Discharge

Pages:1102–1105
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1102

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric inpatients who stalk, threaten, or harass hospital staff after discharge. METHOD: The authors retrospectively summarized the demographic and ...

Clinical Case Conference

August 1998

Neurosarcoidosis as a Cause of Refractory Psychosis: A Complicated Case Report

Pages:1106–1108
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1106

Images in Psychiatry

August 1998

Abraham Wikler, M.D., 1910–1981

Page:1109
Published Online:15 January 2015

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1109

Brief Report

August 1998

Serum Anticholinergicity in Elderly Depressed Patients Treated With Paroxetine or Nortriptyline

Pages:1110–1112
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1110

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to compare serum anticholinergicity of 61 elderly depressed patients randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with paroxetine (N=31) or nortriptyline (N=30). METHOD: Both antidepressants were titrated in a standardized ...

August 1998

Novel Antipsychotics and the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Review and Critique

Samia Hasan,M.D., and
Peter Buckley,M.D.

Pages:1113–1116
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1113

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to analyze reported cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients given clozapine and risperidone. METHOD: They assessed 19 cases of clozapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and 13 cases of risperidone-...

August 1998

Individual Differences in Cognitive Decline in Schizophrenia

Pages:1117–1118
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1117

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to determine whether cognitively impaired patients with schizophrenia exhibit age-related cognitive declines similar to those of patients with schizophrenia who do not have substantial cognitive impairment. METHOD: ...

August 1998

Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Major Depressive Disorder

Pages:1119–1121
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1119

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to examine the hypnotic effects of slow-release melatonin during the initial 4 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine in 19 patients with major depressive disorder. METHOD: Twenty-four outpatients with major depressive ...

August 1998

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Rheumatic Fever With and Without Chorea: A Prospective 6-Month Study

Fernando R. Asbahr,M.D.,
André B. Negrão,M.D.,
Valentim Gentil,M.D., Ph.D.,
Dirce M.T. Zanetta,M.D., Ph.D.,
José A. da Paz,M.D., M.Sc.,
Maria J. Marques-Dias,M.D., Ph.D., and
Maria H. Kiss,M.D., Ph.D.

Pages:1122–1124
Published Online:1 August 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.8.1122

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The incidence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms were determined in pediatric patients with rheumatic fever. METHOD: The Leyton Obsessional Inventory and National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were used to ...