OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the impact of financial incentives on disability, symptoms, and objective findings after closed-head injury. METHOD: Meta-analysis was used to review the literature. Seventeen reports, covering 18 study groups and a total ...

January 1996

Parenting: a genetic-epidemiologic perspective

Pages:11–20
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.11

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OBJECTIVE: To understand the relation between parenting and later psychopathology, it is important to clarify the role of genetic and environmental factors in both the elicitation and the provision of parenting behavior. METHOD: A 16-item version of the ...

January 1996

Antecedents and consequences of negative life events in adulthood: a longitudinal study

Pages:21–26
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.21

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether negative life events affected subjects' long-term physical and mental health. METHOD: One hundred thirteen normal college men completed biennial follow-up questionnaires from age 26 until age 62. At age 62 they ...

January 1996

Homosexuality in men and number of older brothers

Pages:27–31
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.27

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether homosexual men have a higher mean birth order than heterosexual men primarily because they have more older brothers or because they have more older siblings of both sexes. METHOD: For the main analyses, 302 ...

January 1996

Visual cortical dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease evaluated with a temporally graded "stress test" during PET

Pages:32–40
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.32

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OBJECTIVE: Visual-processing abnormalities commonly contribute to typical Alzheimer's disease symptoms, but their detailed pathophysiology remains unknown. To investigate why patients with Alzheimer's disease have greater difficulty performing ...

January 1996

Functional sites of neuroleptic drug action in the human brain: PET/FDG studies with and without haloperidol

Pages:41–49
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.41

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OBJECTIVE: The functional pathways through which antipsychotic drugs act in the brain to decrease psychosis remain unknown, despite our knowledge that their site of initial action is through blockade of dopamine D2 receptors. The authors sought to define ...

January 1996

Superior temporal gyrus volume in schizophrenia: a study using MRI morphometry assisted by surface rendering

Pages:50–56
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.50

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OBJECTIVE: Interpretation of the literature concerning superior temporal gyrus volume in patients with schizophrenia is complicated by methodological variation between studies and by the difficulty of identifying gyral boundaries in serial sections. ...

January 1996

Psychodynamics and psychiatric diagnoses of pseudoseizure subjects

Pages:57–63
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.57

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OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine current and lifetime rates of DSM-III-R disorders in patients with pseudoseizures and to ascertain whether trauma is associated with the occurrence of pseudoseizures. METHODS: Adult pseudoseizure patients ...

January 1996

Exaggerated acoustic startle reflex in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Pages:64–68
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.64

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OBJECTIVE: Exaggerated startle reflex is reputed to be one of the cardinal symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of this study was to assess the magnitude of the acoustic startle reflex in Gulf War veterans with PTSD. METHOD: The eye-...

January 1996

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in panic disorder: prediction of long-term outcome by pretreatment cortisol levels

Pages:69–73
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.69

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OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in patients before their treatment for panic disorder can predict follow-up functional status. Although baseline HPA axis disturbances in patients with ...

January 1996

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in alcohol-dependent men and women and their relatives

Pages:74–82
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.74

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OBJECTIVE: Many of the studies linking anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa to substance use disorders suffer from problems with small samples; some lack rigorous definitions of the syndromes, and it is difficult to determine whether eating problems were ...

January 1996

Serotonergic and noradrenergic dysregulation in alcoholism: m- chlorophenylpiperazine and yohimbine effects in recently detoxified alcoholics and healthy comparison subjects

Pages:83–92
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.83

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OBJECTIVE: This study compared serotonergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic reactivity in recently detoxified alcoholic patients and healthy comparison subjects. METHOD: Participants were 22 male inpatients who met DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence and ...

January 1996

Pituitary-adrenal-system regulation and psychopathology during amitriptyline treatment in elderly depressed patients and normal comparison subjects

Pages:93–99
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.93

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OBJECTIVE: This study was done to compare the effects of 6-week treatment with amitriptyline on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) regulation in elderly depressed patients and age-matched comparison subjects. METHOD: A combined dexamethasone-...

January 1996

Lifetime perturbations of bipolar disorder [clinical conference]

Pages:100–102
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.100

Article

January 1996

Jean Etienne Dominique Esquirol, 1772-1840

PIERRE PICHOT

Page:103
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.103

January 1996

The thalamus as a site of action of antipsychotic drugs

Pages:104–106
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.104

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OBJECTIVE: Because recent data suggest that there are abnormalities of the thalamus in schizophrenia, the authors tested the effects of antipsychotic drugs on thalamic sites. METHOD: Nine rats were given acute doses of the typical neuroleptic haloperidol (...

January 1996

Linkage study of the D5 dopamine receptor gene (DRD5) in multiplex Icelandic and English schizophrenia pedigrees

Pages:107–109
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.107

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OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the possibility that genetic variation or mutation of the dopamine D5 receptor gene might modify susceptibility to schizophrenia. METHOD: Twenty-three Icelandic and English pedigrees containing multiple cases of ...

January 1996

Prevalence of panic in patients referred for pulmonary function testing at a major medical center

Pages:110–113
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.110

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OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the prevalence and correlates of panic disorder in a group of patients who were referred for pulmonary function testing. METHOD: Patients (N = 115) were screened for the presence of panic attacks and panic disorder with a ...

January 1996

Elevated plasma levels of neuropeptide Y in patients with panic disorder

Pages:114–116
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.114

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OBJECTIVE: Neuropeptide Y is a pancreatic polypeptide closely associated with noradrenergic activity both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The objective of this study was to assess plasma neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in panic ...

January 1996

Prevalence of borderline personality symptoms in two groups of obese subjects

Pages:117–118
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.117

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of borderline personality symptoms and self-harm behavior in two distinct groups of obese subjects. METHOD: Obese women, 17 from an eating disorders program and 60 from a primary care ...

January 1996

Pathological gambling and platelet MAO activity: a psychobiological study

Pages:119–121
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.1.119

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OBJECTIVE: The authors studied platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and psychological characteristics of male pathological gamblers. METHOD: Twenty-seven male pathological gamblers were compared with a group of healthy individuals who were matched by ...