OBJECTIVE: Most research on the effects of severe psychological stress has focused on stress-related psychopathology. Here, the author develops psychobiological models of resilience to extreme stress. METHOD: An integrative model of resilience and ...

February 2004

Long-Term Lithium Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

John R. Geddes,M.D., F.R.C.Psych.,
Sally Burgess,M.R.C.Psych.,
Keith Hawton,D.Sc., F.R.C.Psych.,
Kay Jamison,Ph.D., and
Guy M. Goodwin,D.Phil., F.R.C.Psych.

Pages:217–222
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.217

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine the efficacy and acceptability of lithium for relapse prevention in bipolar disorder. METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing lithium with placebo in the long-term ...

Images in Neuroscience

February 2004

Drug Dependence and Addiction: Neural Substrates

David Self,Ph.D.,Dallas, Texas

Page:223
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.223

Introspections

February 2004

Opening Day

James W. Lomax,M.D.

Pages:224–225
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.224

Clinical Case Conference

February 2004

Pure Neuropsychiatric Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis

Pages:226–231
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.226

Images in Psychiatry

February 2004

Sigmund Freud, 1856–1939

Glen O. Gabbard,M.D.

Page:232
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.232

Article

February 2004

The Neural Correlates of Cue-Induced Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Women

Pages:233–241
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.233

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Drug use reminders are associated with localized changes in brain activity related to intense drug wanting or craving in cocaine-dependent men. While cocaine dependence is prevalent and disabling in women, and certain clinically relevant sex ...

February 2004

Partial Recovery of Brain Metabolism in Methamphetamine Abusers After Protracted Abstinence

Pages:242–248
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.242

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug of abuse that is neurotoxic to dopamine terminals. The authors recently reported that decreases in dopamine transporters (used as markers of dopamine terminals) in the striatum of methamphetamine ...

February 2004

The Effect of Previous Alcohol Abuse on Cognitive Function in HIV Infection

Pages:249–254
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.249

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to study the potential effect on cognitive function of an interaction of HIV infection and a history of alcohol abuse. METHOD: The subjects were 30 HIV-negative and 50 HIV-positive men with and without a past history of ...

February 2004

Instability of Symptoms in Recurrent Major Depression: A Prospective Study

Pages:255–261
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.255

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent episodes of major depressive disorder are reported to have similar or stable characteristics across episodes. However, symptoms appear to be moderately stable only in consecutive depressive episodes or if episode severity is ...

February 2004

Cognitive Function Across Manic or Hypomanic, Depressed, and Euthymic States in Bipolar Disorder

Pages:262–270
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.262

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The study aims were to address neuropsychological functioning across different states of bipolar illness and to determine relationships among clinical features, neuropsychological performance, and psychosocial functioning. METHOD: Several ...

February 2004

The Association Between Major Depression and Levels of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, Interleukin-6, and C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Recent Acute Coronary Syndromes

Pages:271–277
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.271

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether or not depression is associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers in patients recovering from acute coronary syndromes. METHOD: Plasma levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (...

February 2004

Distress and Depression in Men Who Have Sex With Men: The Urban Men’s Health Study

Thomas C. Mills,M.D., M.P.H.,
Jay Paul,Ph.D.,
Ron Stall,Ph.D., M.P.H.,
Lance Pollack,Ph.D.,
Jesse Canchola,M.S.,
Y. Jason Chang,M.S.,
Judith T. Moskowitz,Ph.D., M.P.H., and
Joseph A. Catania,Ph.D.

Pages:278–285
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.278

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study estimates the prevalence of depression and describes the correlates and independent associations of distress and depression among U.S. men who have sex with men. METHOD: A household-based probability sample of men who have sex with ...

February 2004

Brain Activation Measured With fMRI During a Mental Arithmetic Task in Schizophrenia and Major Depression

Pages:286–293
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.286

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activation in patients with schizophrenia and major depression while they performed two tasks—a vigilance task and a mental arithmetic task—that differed in ...

February 2004

Mismatch Negativity Responses in Schizophrenia: A Combined fMRI and Whole-Head MEG Study

Pages:294–304
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.294

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Mismatch negativity is an event-related brain response sensitive to deviations within a sequence of repetitive auditory stimuli. It is thought to reflect short-term sensory memory and is independent of higher-level cognitive processes. Mismatch ...

February 2004

Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in the Mediodorsal Nucleus of the Thalamus in Schizophrenia

Pages:305–314
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.305

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Three thalamic nuclei—the mediodorsal nucleus, pulvinar, and centromedian nucleus—each have unique reciprocal circuitry with cortical and subcortical areas known to be affected in schizophrenia. To determine if the disorder is also associated ...

February 2004

Neurobiology of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study

Pages:315–321
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.315

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Smooth pursuit eye movements are abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. The investigators used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain hemodynamic response during a smooth pursuit eye movement task in patients with ...

February 2004

Morphometric Assessment of the Heteromodal Association Cortex in Schizophrenia

Pages:322–331
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.322

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The heteromodal association cortex has been hypothesized to be selectively involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To test this hypothesis, the authors measured prefrontal, inferior parietal, and superior temporal gyrus volumes and ...

February 2004

Randomized Clinical Trial of Supervised Tapering and Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Facilitate Benzodiazepine Discontinuation in Older Adults With Chronic Insomnia

Pages:332–342
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.332

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a supervised benzodiazepine taper, singly and combined with cognitive behavior therapy, for benzodiazepine discontinuation in older adults with chronic insomnia. METHOD: Seventy-six older adult ...

February 2004

Continuous or Intermittent Dosing With Sertraline for Patients With Severe Premenstrual Syndrome or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Pages:343–351
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.343

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the efficacy and acceptability of continuous versus intermittent treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in women with severe premenstrual syndrome and determined the effects of postmenstrual symptom ...

Brief Report

February 2004

Geriatric Psychiatry Versus General Psychiatry Inpatient Treatment of the Elderly

Pages:352–355
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.352

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the clinical treatment given older psychiatric inpatients on a geriatric psychiatry unit and a general psychiatry unit. METHOD: The charts of 50 randomly selected general psychiatry inpatients over the age of 65 years and ...

February 2004

Are Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder Symptoms Normative Behaviors in Preschoolers? A Comparison of Referred and Nonreferred Children

Kate Keenan,Ph.D., and
Lauren S. Wakschlag,Ph.D.

Pages:356–358
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.356

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to test the hypothesis that DSM-IV symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder can be validly applied to preschoolers. METHOD: Using a semistructured diagnostic interview, they assessed rates of symptoms ...

February 2004

CatecholO-Methyltransferase Val¹⁵⁸Met Polymorphism in Schizophrenia: Differential Effects of Val and Met Alleles on Cognitive Stability and Flexibility

Pages:359–361
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.359

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The catecholO-methyltransferase (COMT) Val¹⁵⁸Met polymorphism has been associated with cognitive and behavioral phenotypes in schizophrenia. Whether COMT genotype is beneficial may depend on phenotype definition. The authors examined the ...

February 2004

A Prospective Study of Impairment in Glucose Control Caused by Clozapine Without Changes in Insulin Resistance

Oliver D. Howes,M.R.C.Psych.,
Ajay Bhatnagar,M.B.B.S.,
Fiona P. Gaughran,F.R.C.P.I., M.R.C.Psych., M.D.,
Stephanie A. Amiel,B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P.,
Robin M. Murray,F.R.C.Psych., D.Sc., and
Lyn S. Pilowsky,M.R.C.Psych., Ph.D.

Pages:361–363
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.361

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study examines the effect of clozapine on glucose control and insulin sensitivity. METHOD: Glucose homeostasis was measured in nine female and 11 male patients with schizophrenia (mean age=30.5 years, SD=7.4) before clozapine ...

February 2004

Do Clozapine and Risperidone Affect Social Competence and Problem Solving?

Pages:364–367
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.364

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of clozapine and risperidone on social skill and problem solving in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Maryland Assessment of Social ...

February 2004

Increased Brain GABA Concentrations Following Acute Administration of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Zubin Bhagwagar,M.D., M.R.C.Psych.,
Marzena Wylezinska,Ph.D.,
Matthew Taylor,M.A.,
Peter Jezzard,Ph.D.,
Paul M. Matthews,D.Phil., F.R.C.P., and
Philip J. Cowen,M.D., F.R.C.Psych.

Pages:368–370
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.368

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the effect of acute administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram on cortical levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). METHOD: Ten healthy volunteers ...

February 2004

Response to Tricyclic Antidepressants: Independent of Gender?

Pages:370–372
Published Online:1 February 2004

https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.370

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined gender differences in response to tricyclic antidepressants. METHOD: A total of 30 randomized, placebo-controlled trials that included 3,886 patients (1,555 men and 2,331 women), submitted between 1979 and 1991 in order to ...