OBJECTIVE: This study was done to update and expand information given in recent reviews, provide a more systematic critique of past research, identify current research trends and issues, and explore possible strategies for future research in child ...

Regular Article

June 1998

Increased Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Oxidative Stress After Alcohol Withdrawal

Guochuan E. Tsai,M.D., Ph.D.,
Paul Ragan,M.D.,
Robert Chang,B.S.,
Shaw Chen,B.S.,
V. Markku I. Linnoila,M.D., Ph.D., and
Joseph T. Coyle,M.D.

Pages:726–732
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.726

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Neurophysiological and pathological effects of ethanol may be mediated, to an important extent, via the glutamatergic system. Animal studies indicate the acute effects of ethanol disrupt glutamatergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the ...

June 1998

Clinical Relevance of the Distinction Between Alcohol Dependence With and Without a Physiological Component

Marc A. Schuckit,M.D.,
Tom L. Smith,Ph.D.,
Jean-Bernard Daeppen,M.D.,
Mimy Eng,B.A.,
T.-K. Li,M.D.,
Victor M. Hesselbrock,Ph.D.,
John I. Nurnberger, Jr.,M.D., Ph.D., and
Kathleen K. Bucholz,Ph.D.

Pages:733–740
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.733

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: DSM-IV indicates that diagnoses of substance dependence should be further characterized with regard to the presence of a physiological component, defined by tolerance or withdrawal. This study evaluated the possible meaning of this distinction ...

June 1998

Genome Scan of Schizophrenia

Pages:741–750
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.741

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to identify chromosomal regions likely to contain schizophrenia susceptibility genes. METHOD: A genomewide map of 310 microsatellite DNA markers with average spacing of 11 centimorgans was genotyped in 269 individuals—...

June 1998

Positive and Negative Symptom Response to Clozapine in Schizophrenic Patients With and Without the Deficit Syndrome

Pages:751–760
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.751

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In a preliminary report, the authors observed that clozapine was superior to haloperidol in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms in stable outpatients with schizophrenia. In this final report, they examine the effects of clozapine on ...

June 1998

Increased Striatal Dopamine Transmission in Schizophrenia: Confirmation in a Second Cohort

Pages:761–767
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.761

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors previously observed an increase in striatal dopamine transmission following amphetamine challenge in 15 untreated patients with schizophrenia compared to 15 matched healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to replicate this ...

June 1998

Sex Differences in the Striatal Dopamine D₂ Receptor Binding Characteristics in Vivo

Pages:768–773
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.768

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated whether striatal dopamine D₂ receptor binding characteristics in vivo are similar in men and women and whether there are sex-related differences in the decline in D₂ receptor density due to aging. METHOD: Striatal D₂ ...

June 1998

Decreased Caudate Volume in Neuroleptic-Naive Psychotic Patients

Pages:774–778
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.774

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies, mostly involving neuroleptic-treated patients, have suggested enlarged basal ganglia size in schizophrenia. The authors sought to examine basal ganglia volume in neuroleptic-naive psychotic patients. METHOD: Magnetic resonance ...

June 1998

Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele and Whole Brain Atrophy in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Pages:779–784
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.779

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Diffuse brain atrophy is one of the gross pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and is a result of degenerative changes. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a risk factor or susceptibility gene in late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's ...

June 1998

Increasing Required Neural Response to Expose Abnormal Brain Function in Mild Versus Moderate or Severe Alzheimer's Disease: PET Study Using Parametric Visual Stimulation

Pages:785–794
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.785

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the interaction of Alzheimer's disease severity and visual stimulus complexity in relation to regional brain function. METHOD: Each subject had five positron emission tomography [¹⁵]H₂O scans while wearing goggles ...

June 1998

Effects of Age at Onset of First Lifetime Episode of Recurrent Major Depression on Treatment Response and Illness Course in Elderly Patients

Pages:795–799
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.795

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine treatment outcome differences in relation to age at onset of first lifetime episode of recurrent major depression in elderly patients. METHOD: Patients were grouped as having early-onset (N=129) or late-...

June 1998

Frequency of Dissociative Disorders Among Psychiatric Inpatients in a Turkish University Clinic

Pages:800–805
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.800

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a university clinic in Turkey. METHOD: The Dissociative Experiences Scale was used to screen 166 consecutive inpatients admitted to the ...

June 1998

Relationship Between Dissociation, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Childhood Physical Abuse, and Mental Illness in a General Population Sample

Roger T. Mulder,M.B., Ch.B., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.,
Annette L. Beautrais,Ph.D.,
Peter R. Joyce,M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P., and
David M. Fergusson,Ph.D.

Pages:806–811
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.806

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, current psychiatric illness, and measures of dissociation in an adult population. METHOD: The authors used a randomly selected ...

June 1998

Effect of Darkness on Acoustic Startle in Vietnam Veterans With PTSD

Pages:812–817
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.812

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Exaggerated startle is a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but empirical studies have not consistently documented elevated baseline startle in PTSD. The authors proposed in a previous study that Vietnam veterans with PTSD exhibit ...

June 1998

Family Structure and Depressive Symptoms in Men Preceding and Following the Birth of a Child

Kirby Deater-Deckard,Ph.D.,
Kevin Pickering,M.Sc.,
Judith F. Dunn,Ph.D.,
Jean Golding,Ph.D.,
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy, and
Childhood Study Team

Pages:818–823
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.818

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and etiology of pre- and postpartum depressive symptoms in women in a variety of family forms have been well documented, but relatively little research has been conducted on the adjustment of their male partners. The authors' ...

June 1998

Predictors of a Medical-Offset Effect Among Patients Receiving Antidepressant Therapy

Pages:824–827
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.824

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Characteristics of patients receiving antidepressant therapy were examined to identify factors that may be associated with a medical-offset effect. METHOD: In a retrospective study, the authors analyzed claims data from a large health insurer ...

Images in Psychiatry

June 1998

Jane Addams, 1860–1935

Page:828
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.828

Brief Report

June 1998

Bipolar Disorder and Panic Disorder in Families: An Analysis of Chromosome 18 Data

Pages:829–831
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.829

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors performed an analysis of their published chromosome 18 linkage data on 28 families in which there was bipolar disorder to test the potential of comorbid panic disorder to define a genetic subtype of bipolar disorder. METHOD: ...

June 1998

Elevated Striatal Dopamine Transporters During Acute Cocaine Abstinence as Measured by [¹²³I]β-CIT SPECT

Pages:832–834
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.832

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined whether striatal dopamine transporters were altered in acutely (96 hours or less) abstinent cocaine-abusing subjects, as suggested by postmortem studies. METHOD: [¹²³I]β-CIT and single photon emission computed tomography ...

June 1998

Association Between CatecholO-Methyltransferase Genotype and Violence in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder

Herbert M. Lachman,M.D.,
Karen A. Nolan,Ph.D.,
Pavel Mohr,M.D.,
Takuya Saito,M.D., and
Jan Volavka,M.D., Ph.D.

Pages:835–837
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.835

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors previously reported a relationship between an allele encoding the low activity variant of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients. This study replicates and extends these findings by ...

June 1998

Neuroendocrine Evidence That Clozapine's Serotonergic Antagonism Is Relevant to Its Efficacy in Treating Hallucinations and Other Positive Schizophrenic Symptoms

Hugh Jones,M.B., B.S.,
Vivienne A. Curtis,M.R.C.Psych.,
Padraig Wright,M.D., M.R.C.Psych., and
James V. Lucey,M.D., M.R.C.P.I., M.R.C.Psych.

Pages:838–840
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.838

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the effect of prolonged clozapine treatment on central serotonergic (5-HT) function in schizophrenia. METHOD: Prolactin responses to the 5-HT releasing agent d-fenfluramine were measured in two groups of 10 schizophrenic ...

June 1998

Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Characteristics of Holocaust Survivors and Their Adult Offspring

Pages:841–843
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.841

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: There is controversy regarding the long-lasting effects of the Holocaust on the adult children of Holocaust survivors. In the present study the authors examined the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) characteristics of ...

June 1998

Dissociative Identity Disorder in Psychiatric Inpatients

Pages:844–845
Published Online:1 June 1998

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.844

Preview Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to replicate reports of a high rate of dissociative identity disorder in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Subjects were 100 randomly selected women, 16–50 years old, who had recently been admitted to an acute ...