American Journal of Psychiatry

Volume 145, Issue 8

August 1988

Submit an article Subscribe Get Free Publication Alerts

August 1988

Conceptual and methodological issues in comparative studies of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, I: Active ingredients and mechanisms of change

Pages:909–917
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.909

Preview Abstract

There has recently been an increased focus on comparing the effectiveness of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of mental disorders. The marked differences between these two treatment forms raise many conceptual and methodological problems for the ...

August 1988

Psychiatric decision making in the emergency room: a research overview

Pages:918–925
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.918

Preview Abstract

In an overview of the research on psychiatric decision making in the emergency room, the authors discuss studies done between 1963 and 1977, which suffered from an overreliance on univariate statistical techniques, problems with the reliability and ...

August 1988

The heterogeneity of schizoaffective disorder: implications for treatment

Pages:926–936
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.926

Preview Abstract

Until the 1970s, schizophrenia tended to be broadly defined in the United States, and the diagnosis subsumed patients who had affective as well as schizophrenic symptoms. With the introduction of lithium, however, manic-depressive illness became ...

August 1988

PET imaging of cortical S2 serotonin receptors after stroke: lateralized changes and relationship to depression

Pages:937–943
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.937

Preview Abstract

Patients with right-hemisphere strokes (N = 9) more than 1 year after injury had greater cortical binding of (3-N-[11C]methyl)spiperone than a similar group of patients with left-hemisphere strokes (N = 8) or normal control subjects (N = 17). The higher ...

August 1988

Patterns of thought disorder associated with right cortical damage, schizophrenia, and mania

Pages:944–949
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.944

Preview Abstract

The authors used the Thought Disorder Index to measure thought disorder in 23 patients with unilateral right hemisphere cortical damage, 20 patients with bipolar mania, and 25 patients with schizophrenia. There were no differences in the total amount of ...

August 1988

Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome

Pages:950–954
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.950

Preview Abstract

Psychiatric diagnoses, self-reports of symptoms, and illness behavior of 20 fibromyalgia patients and 23 rheumatoid arthritis patients were compared. The fibromyalgia patients were not significantly more likely than the arthritis patients to report ...

August 1988

A new scale for the assessment of depressed mood in demented patients

Pages:955–959
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.955

Preview Abstract

Twenty-one subjects with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type were rated on the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale, a new instrument intended to measure the severity of depressed mood in cognitively impaired patients. Ratings were based on ...

August 1988

Anxiety disorders in mid-adolescence: a community sample

Pages:960–964
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.960

Preview Abstract

The authors report the 6-month period prevalence of anxiety disorders in a community sample of 150 adolescents 14 to 16 years old. Diagnoses were based on structured psychiatric interviews, DSM-III criteria, and a psychiatrist's review of the data. ...

August 1988

Predictors of violence in civilly committed acute psychiatric patients

Pages:965–970
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.965

Preview Abstract

The authors investigated the relationship between community violence and violence in the hospital for patients hospitalized through emergency civil commitment. The medical charts of 238 patients involuntarily admitted to a university-based acute inpatient ...

August 1988

Epidemiologic evidence for early onset of mental disorders and higher risk of drug abuse in young adults

Pages:971–975
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.971

Preview Abstract

Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, an epidemiologic survey of five communities, showed that four major disorders commonly begin in late adolescence or young adulthood. The median age at onset for ...

August 1988

Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic medical conditions

Pages:976–981
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.976

Preview Abstract

The authors studied data on psychiatric disorders and eight chronic medical conditions in a community sample of 2,554 persons. The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of any psychiatric disorder in the preceding 6 months was 24.7% and of lifetime psychiatric ...

August 1988

Fictional depiction of suicide in television films and imitation effects

Pages:982–986
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.982

Preview Abstract

Studies of imitative suicide by viewers of fictional depictions of suicide in television films have produced contradictory findings. Using a nationwide sample of cases of suicide, the author found no evidence for increased numbers of suicides after ...

August 1988

The Journal's new program of statistical review

Pages:987–988
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.987

August 1988

Preschool children's erroneous allegations of sexual molestation

Pages:989–992
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.989

Preview Abstract

Occasionally, a preschool child may erroneously accuse a parent of molestation. When this occurs, the child usually believes that his or her story is correct. A false accusation can be made when an adult has persuaded a child that the sexual events ...

August 1988

Efficacy of anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia

Pages:993–996
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.993

Preview Abstract

The authors analyzed data from nine studies comparing the incidence of acute dystonia induced by neuroleptic agents with and without concomitant use of anticholinergic agents. Anticholinergic agents reduced the rate of dystonia by 1.9-fold in all patients ...

August 1988

Imipramine and social-vocational adjustment in chronic depression

Pages:997–999
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.997

Preview Abstract

The authors compared the effects of 6 weeks of imipramine treatment with 6 weeks of placebo treatment on social and vocational impairment in chronic depression. Imipramine was associated with significantly greater pre- to posttreatment improvement of ...

August 1988

DSM-III, draft DSM-III-R, and the diagnosis and prevalence of bulimia in Australia

Pages:1000–1002
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1000

Preview Abstract

A self-report questionnaire for bulimic symptoms was administered to three different groups of community residents and to patients in a hospital's weight disorders unit and its dietetics department. The prevalence of DSM-III bulimia was 12.7% among female ...

August 1988

Case review and quantity of outpatient care

Pages:1003–1006
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1003

Preview Abstract

Case review for patients belonging to a health maintenance organization was implemented in a hospital-based, multidisciplinary, outpatient clinic after the influx of 28,000 Medicaid enrollees. One-year follow- up of 138 patients with prepaid mental health ...

August 1988

Growth hormone response to edrophonium in patients with Alzheimer's disease and normal control subjects

Pages:1007–1009
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1007

Preview Abstract

The authors found that growth hormone (GH) response to edrophonium was no different in 12 Alzheimer's disease patients than in eight healthy elderly subjects. Previously reported differences could be due to differences in gender or baseline GH ...

August 1988

Effect of sodium valproate in three patients with organic brain syndromes

Pages:1010–1011
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1010

Preview Abstract

Three patients with organic and affective symptoms related to multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus responded dramatically to sodium valproate after other treatments had failed.

August 1988

Occult thyroid dysfunction in patients with refractory depression

Pages:1012–1014
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1012

Preview Abstract

Assessment of metabolic rate was useful in evaluating refractory depression in six of 15 women. Five of the six had normal levels of T3 and T4; however, each had an elevated thyrotropin-stimulating hormone level or a low metabolic rate. The depressions ...

August 1988

Serotonergic and noradrenergic sensitivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavioral findings

Pages:1015–1017
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1015

Preview Abstract

Six of eight patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had an exacerbation of symptoms when given m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Fenfluramine and placebo produced mild improvement. Six patients given intravenous clonidine experienced marked reduction in ...

August 1988

Creatine kinase elevation after neuroleptic treatment

Pages:1018–1019
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1018

Preview Abstract

Two cases of asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase levels after oral neuroleptic treatment are described. One patient was successfully challenged with a different neuroleptic. The authors discuss possible reasons for creatine kinase elevation.

August 1988

Evidence for atypical depression in Parkinson's disease

Pages:1020–1022
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1020

Preview Abstract

The Research Diagnostic Criteria were applied to 16 depressed patients with Parkinson's disease and 20 depressed multiple sclerosis patients. Diagnoses of anxiety and panic disorder were significantly more frequent among the patients with Parkinson's ...

August 1988

DSM-III axis I diagnoses of Indian psychiatric patients with somatic symptoms

Pages:1023–1024
Published Online:1 April 2006

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.8.1023

Preview Abstract

When DSM-III criteria were applied to 123 Indian psychiatric outpatients with predominantly somatic symptoms, the most common axis I diagnoses were dysthymic disorder (36.6%) and generalized anxiety disorder (11.4%). Thirty-nine percent of the patients ...