The Jekyll Island Authority is a self-supporting body, obtaining its operating revenues from leases, park fees, and Island amenities. This income is used to maintain, develop, beautify, and promote the Island as a world-class vacation and meeting destination.

Through an act of the state legislature, the JIA was created to oversee the conservation and development of the Island. The Authority board consists of members appointed by the governor to serve four-year terms. The chairman of the board is also appointed by the governor to serve a one-year term. The Authority employs a full-time executive director who is responsible for the operation and promotion of the Island's amenities, and for providing certain public services to Island residents and businesses. The Authority is organized into three divisions; each directed by an executive reporting to the CEO.