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The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20170212131432/http://www.geraldvirtbauer.org/about.html
Gerald Virtbauer online

Dr Gerald Virtbauer

Born 1978 in Austria. I have studied Buddhist psychology since 2000 and have practised in Zen and Theravāda Buddhism. Key Buddhist practices for me have been Dōgen'sshikantaza 只管打坐 (Japanese, 'just sitting') and the early Buddhist practice of ānāpāna-sati (Pali, 'mindfulness of in- and out-breathing'). Ānāpāna-sati is my main practical approach to teaching Buddhist psychology and mindfulness. In my academic training I have focused on how the Buddhist theories and practices on human consciousness, experience, and behaviour have been and can be received in the West, especially in psychology and medicine. I have also been influenced by other Indian religions and psychologies. I have studied yoga physiology and psychology, both theoretically and practically, which has helped me to understand the interaction between the mind and body in meditation more deeply. My understanding of ethics, and of the interaction between ethical behaviour and mental health, well-being, and happiness, has been influenced by Jainism and its strong focus on non-harming of beings. Non-harming of and compassion for oneself and other beings plays a key role in my practical teaching of Buddhist psychology and ethics. I have been engaged in the theoretical and practical teaching and training of therapists, psychologists, physicians, and clients. Since 2010 I have worked as a lecturer in the academic field of Buddhist psychology and mindfulness. I am on the faculty of the Sigmund Freud University Vienna. In the Buddhist field, I started to teach Buddhist psychology and mindfulness within the Theravāda tradition in 2013, with the permission to teach from Bhante Dr Seelawansa Wijayarajapura Mahathero. Since 2015 I have taught Buddhist psychology and mindfulness independent of a specific Buddhist tradition. My teaching of Buddhist psychology and mindfulness is mainly based on the Buddha's teachings in the Pali canon and on Pali-Buddhist commentarial literature. However, it is amodern practical Buddhist psychology suited to all, Buddhists and non-Buddhists alike, who are interested in exploring the nature and potential of the human mind-and-body (this term refers to Pali nāma-rūpa) through Buddhist meditation. The Buddha maybe was the first systematic psychologist. From my perspective, his psychology is the most important psychology from both a health-psychological and an existential point of view. This means that it offers a practical way for all who search for genuine well-being, happiness, and insight and want to understand, and to live in accordance with, the characteristics of life.

Education and training

Academic

2012
Dr.phil. (with distinction), Psychology; University of Vienna, Austria
2009
European Diploma of Advanced Study in Psychology of Religion; European Interuniversity Network in Psychology of Religion; Co-ordination: Catholic University of Louvain (UCL – Université Catholique de Louvain), Belgium
2007
Mag.phil. (with distinction), Religious Studies; University of Vienna

Buddhist

2013
Permission to teach; Bhante Dr Seelawansa Wijayarajapura Mahathero; Dhammazentrum Nyanaponika, Vienna
2009
Jukai 受戒 (Japanese, 'to receive the [Bodhisattva] precepts'); Dr Joan Halifax Roshi; Upaya Institute and Zen Center, Santa Fe, NM, USA

​Research

  • Animal ethics
  • Breath
  • Buddhist psychology (particularly in Pali literature)
  • Dōgen
  • Embodiment
  • Haṭha-yoga
  • Indianpsychology
  • Indian religion
  • Jainism
  • Meditation (Buddhist and clinical)
  • Mindfulness (Buddhist and clinical)
  • Nutrition psychology
  • Phenomenology
  • Qualitative research in religion and psychology
  • Veganism
  • Vegetarianism
  • Zen

​Teaching

  • Achtsamkeitsmeditation als medizinische Behandlung [Mindfulness meditation as a medical treatment]
  • Achtsamkeitsmeditation in der Medizin: Forschungsstand und Applikationen [Mindfulness meditation in medicine: State of research and applications]
  • Ānāpāna-bhāvanā: Übung der Ein- und Ausatmung
  • Buddhismus in der Medizin, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie [Buddhism in medicine, psychosomatics, and psychotherapy]
  • ​Buddhistische Psychologie in der Praxis [Practical Buddhist psychology]
  • Buddhist meditation in contemporary psychotherapy: Understanding the mind-body interactions
  • Consciousness, mindfulness, and well-being East and West
  • Erinnerung an verkörperte Aufmerksamkeit: Die Grundlagen der Achtsamkeitsmeditation im Pāli-Kanon [Remembering embodied awareness: The foundations of mindfulness meditation in the Pāli canon]
  • Individual Meditation (IM)
  • Introduction to dhyāna yoga: Meditation in Hinduism and Buddhism
  • Meditation
  • Methodenseminar (MS): Interviewtechniken und Gesprächsführung [Methods seminar: Interview techniques and leading conversations]
  • Mindfulness and the brain
  • Mindfulness in Buddhism and behaviour therapy: Epistemology and practice
  • Praktische Einführung in die buddhistische Psychologie [Practical introduction to Buddhist psychology]
  • Transcultural Mindfulness Lab (TML)

Publications

Books

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Articles

  • Virtbauer, Gerald, & Shaw, Sarah. under review. Understanding mindfulness: Current epistemological, methodological, and ethical issues.
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. in press. Suffering and mindfulness: Ontological and psychological.
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. in press. Atem, Embodiment und Gesundheit: Eine philosophisch psychologische Interpretation zur buddhistischen Atemmeditation (ānāpāna-sati) [Breath, embodiment, and health: A philosophical psychological interpretation on Buddhist breath meditation (ānāpāna-sati)].
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2016. The enlightenment test. SFU Forschungsbulletin-SFU Research Bulletin, 4(2), 60–64. doi:10.15135/2016.4.2.60-64
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2016. Presencing process: Embodiment and healing in the Buddhist practice of mindfulness of breathing [Special issue: God in the bod:Charting the course of research on religiosity and the body]​. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 19(1), 68–81. doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1115474
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2015. Die phänomenologische Psychologie buddhistischer Leidensüberwindung [The Buddhist phenomenological psychology of overcoming suffering]e-Journal Philosophie der Psychologie, 21. Retrieved from http://www.jp.philo.at/texte/VirtbauerG3.pdf
  • Srakar, David, & Virtbauer, Gerald. 2015. Logotherapy and Advaita Vedānta: Steps towards an integration.SFU Forschungsbulletin-SFU Research Bulletin, 3(1), 11–27. doi:10.15135/15.3.1.11-27
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2014. Characteristics of Buddhist psychology. SFU Forschungsbulletin-SFU Research Bulletin, 2(1), 1–9. doi:10.15135/14.2.1.1-9
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2012. The Western reception of Buddhism as a psychological and ethical system: Developments, dialogues, and perspectives. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 15(3), 251–263. doi:10.1080/13674676.2011.569928
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2011. Bewusstsein und Beziehung im Mahāyāna-Buddhismus. Ein integrativ religionspsychologischer Ansatz [Consciousness and relationality in Mahāyāna Buddhism. An integrative religious psychological approach]e-Journal Philosophie der Psychologie, 15. Retrieved from http://www.jp.philo.at/texte/VirtbauerG2.pdf
  • Virtbauer, Gerald Dōkō. 2010. Dimensions of intersubjectivity in Mahāyāna-Buddhism and relational psychoanalysis. Contemporary Buddhism, 11(1), 85–102. doi:10.1080/14639941003791584
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2009. Das Zen-buddhistische Selbst-Konzept. Eine Erläuterung anhand Dōgen Zenji’s Shōbōgenzō [The Zen-Buddhist concept of self in Dōgen Zenji’s Shōbōgenzō]e-Journal Philosophie der Psychologie, 12. Retrieved from http://www.jp.philo.at/texte/VirtbauerG1.pdf
  • Virtbauer, Gerald. 2008. Buddhism as a psychological system: Three approaches. Retrieved from Nielsen’s Psychology of Religion Pages website: http://psyrel.com/virtbauer.htm

Photos

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© 2013–2017 Gerald Virtbauer

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