Campinas is a municipality in the micro-region of Campinas, in the Greater Region of Campinas, state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is located northwest of the state capital, distant from this about 96 kilometers. It occupies an area of ​​794.433 square kilometers, of which 238.323 square miles are in city limits and 556.111 square kilometers remaining constitute the countryside. In 2013, its population was estimated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 1,144,862 inhabitants, is the third most populous city of São Paulo (Guarulhos getting behind and capital) and the 14th nationwide. The twenty counties within the metropolitan region of Campinas concentrated 3.8 million inhabitants, representing 1.8 Brazilian GDP.

The municipality has an annual average temperature of 22.4 degrees Celsius and the original vegetation of the city, dominated by rainforest. With an urbanization rate of about 98 percent, the city had in 2009 with 373 health facilities. Its Human Development Index is 0.805, as well as considering high relative to the country, being the seventh largest in the state. The metropolitan region of Campinas part – along with the Great São Paulo and Santos area – Expanded Metropolitan Complex, a megalopolis that over 30 million people (about 75% of São Paulo’s population) and is the first urban agglomeration of type in the southern hemisphere.

Campinas was founded in 1774. Between the late eighteenth century and the early twentieth century, the city had coffee and cane sugar are important economic activities. However, since the 1930s, industry and trade are the main sources of income and is considered a regional industrial center. Currently consists of four districts, besides the headquarters, being also subdivided into 14 regional administrations, five regions and several districts.

Tenth richest city in Brazil, is now responsible for at least 15 percent of the entire national scientific production, being the third largest center of research and Brazilian development. Also has many tourist attractions, with historical, cultural or scientific value, such as museums, parks and theaters. The Municipal de Campinas Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1974, is considered one of the largest in the country.

History of Campinas

Population

The areas that now constitute the state of São Paulo were already inhabited by humans since approximately 12000 AC15 Until the first half of the eighteenth century, Campinas was just a large area consisting of large swathes of grasslands, which were designated simply by meadows with areas of Atlantic forest closed around, especially in mountain regions. At that time, came a rural neighborhood in the town of Jundiaí (Jundiaí today) called “Mato Grosso”, near a trail made ​​by the Bandeirantes “Plateau Kamnik” (the region of the current city of São Paulo) between 1721 and 1730. Was the “Trail of Goiases”, pioneered by Bandeirantes and followed toward the then newly discovered “Mines of Goiases”, the current state of Goiás So Bandeirante Ferdinand Camargo promoted northwest of the village of São Paulo installing a stopping point for drovers (called “Campinas Mato Grosso” for having been erected in these grasslands surrounded by dense forest) was usually taken by the Pioneers, that it allowed or facilitated future refueling desbravadoras their contracts, and so throughout weather boosted trade and attracted to the local residents.

Around the year 1772, the inhabitants of that region demanded the construction of a chapel, as the nearest village church stood in Jundiaí. Permission was granted a year later, marking up, on 22 September of that year, the site that would be for the construction of the Church of Our Lady of Conception, whose name was received in honor of the patron saint, chosen by vote. The difficulty of the works of that time made ​​a provisional chapel was built in 1774. On 27 May of that year, an act that led to Francisco Barreto Leme do Prado the title “founder, administrator and director” of the core was signed city ​​to be founded. In other action on the same day, the measure of streets and blocks were defined, as well as the position of the houses, this being the first “urban plan” received by Campinas. A few weeks later, on July 14, 1774, Fray Antonio de Padua, first vicar of the parish, prayed the Mass inaugurating the temporary thatched chapel and hastily. From there, he settled definitely the Parish of Our Lady of the Conception of Campinas Mato Grosso and founded the town.

Administrative training and economic growth

By the eighteenth century, there was the arrival of several farmers from different cities located as Itu, Porto Feliz and Taubaté. These farmers seeking land to grow crops of cane sugar and sugar mills, using the slave labor they had. Indeed, it was also motivated by these farmers and the Government of the Province of São Paulo so that the rural district of Mato Grosso was transformed into the parish, then in the village of San Carlos (1797) and later in the city of Campinas (1842) .

By the late eighteenth century, the cane sugar was the main subsistence activity in the region. However, at that time, there was a great expansion of coffee plantations. Coffee plantations were, over time, being grown in place of cane sugar, contributing to a new and rapid development cycle of Campinas region, which meant that the city received a large demand for workers, including slaves , from different regions of the country, who were employed on plantations and in urban and rural productive activities.

From this growth, there was also a process of modernization of transport and production in Campinas. After the political emancipation of Campinas, various district divisions in the municipality occurred. The first change that occurred was the creation of the district Valinhos (currently municipality of Valinhos), by provincial law n º 383, of May 28, 1896.

Twentieth century

The last change made by state law No. 8092, of February 28, 1964, freeing the city of Campinas Paulinia. Currently the council is made up of five boroughs: Campinas, Barao Geraldo Joaquim Egidio Sousas and Nova Aparecida. The district was created Baron Gerard State Law No 2456 of 30 December 1953; Joaquim Egidio was created by State Law No. 5285 of February 18, 1959; Nova Aparecida was created by State Law No. 8092 of February 28, 1964; Sousas and was created by State Law No. 416 of July 24, 1896.

The first half of the 1920s was characterized by the height of the coffee production in much of the state territory. However, at the end of this decade, there was a crisis in the coffee economy, affecting much of the state of São Paulo. The decline in production occurred by erosion of land in the region, frosts that ended with crops, decreased export motivated by changing the quality of the coffee, the competition from other countries and the economic crisis of 1929. With the coffee crisis, the return of cane sugar and the exchange industry and services, which made ​​the face of the city ceased to be ruralista and passed to be more urban. For his new project planning, received the so-called “Plan Prestes Maia”, in 1938, was made a great set of actions aimed to reorder its urban growth. Due to these improvements occurred, there was a further period of coming of migrants and immigrants, who were attracted by the construction project of a new industrial park, which would consist of factories, agro-industries and various shops.

Between the 1930s and 1940s, Campinas became marked by the demographic development of the surrounding factories then installed, establishments and major highways deployment – as the Anhanguera Highway (1948), the Bandeirantes Highway (1978), Highway Santos Dumont (1980), Route Dom Pedro I highway Governor Ademar de Barros, Francisco Aguirre Journalist Highway and Motorway Proenca Teacher Zeferino Vaz (or Tapetão), which is the main access REPLAN (Refinery Planalto Paulista) -, a fact that made ​​Campinas be consolidated as an important road junction. New districts were created in these areas lacked originally, with a good infrastructure and planning, however able, over time, a better condition of urbanization between the decades 1950-1990.

Contemporary period

Since 1998, the city has seen a marked shift in its economic base: the industrial sector loses importance (with the migration of factories to neighboring cities or other regions of the country), and is highlighted the service sector (commerce, search , services and high-tech companies in logistics).

Since the 2000s, through public and private investment, the city has achieved its economic and social balance, becoming an increasingly competitive municipality before the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Laws incentives for companies setting up in the city were created and the work of expanding the Bandeirantes Highway, whose passage through the city, brought new development opportunities.

Campinas is today a major economic force in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, presenting a good quality of life, as can be demonstrated through its Human Development Index (HDI), Furthermore the unemployment and violence, although not in same indices of yore, are still low compared to neighboring cities. Another highlight is a modern industrial and technological park – the result of a plan to install “technopoles” and renowned institutions of higher learning such as the University of Campinas and the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas. It is also located in Campinas that the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory and the Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications (CPqD).

Geography of Campinas

The area of the municipality, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, is 795.697 km ², and 238.3230 km ² are the urban and 557.334 km ² remaining constitute the countryside. It is situated at 22 º 54’21 “south latitude and 47 º 03’39” west longitude and is at a distance of 96 kilometers northwest of the state capital. Its neighboring municipalities are Paulinia, Jaguariúna and Quarry, north; Morungaba, Itatiba and Valinhos, east; Itupeva, Indaiatuba and Monte Mor, south; and Hortolandia and Sumaré west.

Topography and hydrography of Campinas

The highest point in the city is close to the City Centre Jean Nicolini, located in the Serra das Cabras, in the district of Joaquim Egidio, in the Eastern Region, at an altitude of 1033 meters. Within the city, however, is the highest region in Jardim Sao Gabriel in the South, at 780 meters altitude. The lower elevations occur on opposite sides of town: 573m near the Stones River in the district of Barao Geraldo, North and 568 m at the Ouro Verde (South West Region) region near Rio Capivari. Geomorphological, the city of Campinas is located in a transition area between the Peripheral Depression Paulista, which is greater in the west of the county, and the Western Plateau, most noticeable east.

The city of Campinas is divided between two river basins: the Piracicaba river, covering the Atibaia River and Anhumas and Quilombo streams, occupies the North, Central and East of the city, extending over an area of ​​12,531 km ², covering the southeastern state of São Paulo and southern end of Minas Gerais and the Capivari covering the Ribeirão Piçarrão, occupying the Northwest regions, Southwest and South of the city, extending over an area of 1,611 km ², covering cities in regions of Jundiaí, Campinas and Capivari. Among the rivers flowing through the municipality of Campinas, the main ones are the Capivari the Jaguari the Capivari-Mirim and the Atibaia, the latter cited is of particular relevance for the water supply of the city, since much of the fundraising is taken in its basin. In 2001 it was estimated that 90 percent of urban sewage was released it without treatment and that 20 per cent of industrial waste generated in the region is also released in Atibaia not treated. Every ten houses of Campinas, in nine inhabitants used the water that was withdrawn from Atibaia. Despite having with a satisfactory level of rivers and streams, the city faces many problems regarding their water supply, both by contamination and by its scarcity in certain seasons. Campinas receives annually about 1.1 billion cubic meters of rain draining into the rivers and streams and seep into the ground, replenishing groundwater.

Climate of Campinas

The climate is tropical Campinas altitude (Köppen type Cwa second), with decreased rainfall in winter and annual average temperature of 22.4 ° C, and (rarely so too cold) and dry mild winters and rainy summers with moderate temperatures high. The hottest month, February, has an average temperature of 24.9 ° C, with an average maximum of 30.0 ° C and minimum of 19.9 ° C. And the coldest month, July, 18.5 ° C and 24.8 ° C and 12.3 ° C average maximum and minimum, respectively. Fall and spring are transitional seasons.

The average annual rainfall is 1 424.5 mm, with the driest month in August, when there are only 22.9 mm of rain. In January, the rainiest month, the average stands at 280.3 mm. 2013 was the driest in recent years, with 1 177.2 mm, almost 20% below average. In recent years, however, the hot, dry days during the winter have been increasingly frequent, often surpassing 30 degrees C, especially between July and September. In August 2010, the rainfall in Campinas has not gone from zero millimeter. During the dry season and long dry spells in the middle of the rainy season are also common records of fires in the hills and thickets, especially in rural areas of the city, which contributes to deforestation and the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, further damaging the quality the air.

The minimum temperature recorded in the city was -1.5 ° C, observed on June 25, 1918. Already the maximum was 39.0 ° C, recorded on November 17, 1985.’s Most recent cumulative rainfall recorded within 24 hours by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas was 143.4 mm, on May 25, 2005, but, according to the institute, the absolute record was 185.0 mm at December 25, 1997. Between 1890 and 2004 there were 41 records of frost in Campinas. The most recent was on July 18, 2000, when the minimum temperature reached 2.2 ° C. Episodes of high winds, with over 100 km / h gusts occasionally also occur, and there were records of forming tornadoes in the county 4th May 200141 and March 9, 2008.

Ecology and environment of Campinas

Most of the original vegetation that had in the city, the Atlantic, was devastated. Like other thirteen municipalities of the metropolitan region of Campinas, the city suffers a severe environmental stress, and Campinas is considered as one of the areas subject to flooding and silting and has less than 5 percent vegetative cover.

To try to reverse this situation, several projects have been and are being conducted and planned, such as the construction of ecological corridors, such as regulation of the Management Plan of Environmental Preservation Area of Campinas. There are also several environmental projects to combat the destruction of riparian forests located on the river Atibaia, which, as previously mentioned, has a high rate of pollution of its waters. Today Campinas houses the Area of ​​Relevant Ecological Interest Santa Geneva, 251 acres, established in 1985 and regulated by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, Government of Campinas and José Pedro de Oliveira Foundation. Currently, it is the second largest urban forest of Brazil, behind only the Forest of Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro. The city also has large forests, such as Jequitibás Wood (installed in 1881), Forest Grove and the Germans Guarantãs.

In Campinas original flora, there is a predominance of trees as jequitibá pink (legalis Cariniana), peroba pink (Aspidosperma polyneuron) and jatoba (Hymenaea.), which reach 25 meters high. There is a tree stratum 15-18 feet high, composed of several species such as white-jequitibá (estrellensis Cariniana), the pink cedar (Cedrela Cedrela), the ivorywood (Balfourodendron riedellianum) and fig trees (Ficus ennormis, Ficus Ficus glabra and guaranítica). Fauna there are the Tanager-to-kill-large birds (rubica Habia), the Lacemaker (Manacus manacus) and the Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata); howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca) and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella); mammals possum-eared white (Didelphis albiventris), opossum ear-black (Didelphis marsupialis), the opossum-thick tailed (Lutreolina crassicaudata) and the quaint (microtarsus Gracilinanus); Chicken armadillo (Dasypus novencintus), the tapiti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), the Caxinguelê (Sciurus ingrami), the hedgehog (Coendou villosus), the eagle rays-of-plated (coypus coypus), capybara (Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris), the cavy (Cavea aperea) and tegu (Tupinambis merianae). There is also the dog-eating fox (thous thous), the cat-Moorish (Felis yagouaroundi), the raccoon (Procyon cancrivorous), the ferret (whose Galictis), the pit viper (Bothrops jararaca) and opium (Dipsas indicates ).

Demography of Campinas

In 2010, the municipality’s population was counted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 1,080,999 inhabitants, being the third most populous state (behind only São Paulo and Guarulhos) and the fourteenth in the country, with a population density 1 358.56 inhabitants per square kilometer. Campinas is also the most populous municipality in the interior of as much of the interior of Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 521,209 inhabitants were men and 559,790 women inhabitants. According to the same census, 1,062,453 inhabitants lived in urban areas and 18,546 in rural areas. Now according to statistics released in 2012, the city had a population of 1,098,630 inhabitants.

The Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M) of Campinas is considered high by the United Nations Development Programme. Its value is 0.852, and the eighth largest in the whole state of São Paulo (in 645 cities); the tenth of the entire southeastern Brazil (in 1666) and the 24th of every Brazil (from 5507). The city has a majority of indicators and high up with the national average according to the UNDP.

Ethnic composition of Campinas

In 2010, according to Census data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics that year, the Campinas population consisted of 716 386 whites (66.33%); Black 74 656 (6.91%); Grizzly 274 588 (25.42%); Yellow 13 275 (1.23%); 1043 Indians (0.10%); beyond 165 without representation (0.02%). The city received immigrants mainly during the twentieth century, who were attracted by the great growth industries of Campinas, which required more workers, and also for developing the cultivation of cane sugar. Today most of them are concentrated in the area known as Pedra Branca, where there is a predominance of descendants of Italians, Portuguese and Japanese region.

The Italians settled in colonial nuclei of various municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, in the city, founded the Circolo Italiani Uniti Campinas. The immigration of Germans, though smaller, was also significant. In 1873 about half of the townsfolk had German origin. The neighborhood of Fribourg, rural municipality, was established by German and Swiss families who settled there between the 1860s and 1870.

The flagship brand of Portuguese immigrants allowed in the city was the creation of the Portuguese Beneficence of Campinas, hospital founded on July 20, 1873 which was in 1907, booked by the Kingdom of Portugal just to meet local Portuguese immigrants. As for the Spaniards, it highlights the Spanish Campinas Week, held annually since 1996 by the House of Spain Campinas, which is an event aimed to promote the traditions left by the Spaniards.

The Japanese Nipo founded the Brazilian Cultural Institute of Campinas (Campinas Nipo) on May 16, 1954, then headquartered in Campinas Agricultural Cooperative. The Festival of Japan’s Nipo Campinas is an event held in honor of the Japanese culture and with the presence of numerous authorities and artistic guests. Every month, since 1994, is always on a Sunday, made ​​the Oriental Fair, where the culture of Japan products are marketed

Metropolitan Region of Campinas

The intense conurbation process currently underway in the region is creating a metropolis whose center is in Campinas and reaches several municipalities, as Sumaré, American, Indaiatuba, Hortolandia, Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, Valinhos, Itatiba and Paulinia. The Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC) was established by state law supplement 870 of 19 June 2000, and currently consists of 19 municipalities, with the ninth largest urban area in Brazil with 2,798,477 inhabitants. It is one of the most dynamic economic scenario in Brazil and represents 2.7 percent of the national GDP and 7.83 percent of the São Paulo gross domestic product, or about 77.7 billion dollars per year. Besides having a strong economy, the region also presents an infrastructure that provides the development of the entire metropolitan area.

Campinas is part of the so-called Expanded Metropolitan Complex, which exceeds 29 million inhabitants, about 75 percent of the population of the whole state of São Paulo. The metropolitan regions of Campinas and São Paulo now form the first megalopolis (or macro-metropolis) in the southern hemisphere, joining 65 municipalities that together are home to more than 12% of the population.

Poverty and inequality

According to IBGE, in 2003 the Gini coefficient, which measures inequality was 0.42, and 1.00 is the worst and number 0.00 is the best. That year, the incidence of poverty, as measured by the IBGE, was 9.83%, the lower limit of the incidence of poverty was 6.6%, the highest was 13.06% and the incidence of subjective poverty was 7 29%.

The rapid population growth between the 1930s and 1940s, caused by the development of large firms in town at the time, made ​​new districts were created around these industries. Many of these had not initially a good infrastructure, but with the passage of time upgrading works were carried out.

However most current statistics show that there are still underdeveloped areas in the municipality, and the Southwest region was located where it was most cores poverty. According to the State University of Campinas, Campinas had 182 slums and 127 647 inhabitants lived in subnormal agglomerations. 90 percent of the population of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas living in precarious conditions was Campinas, ie, 13.17 per cent of the inhabitants of the municipality. The City maintains several housing projects, land regularization and purchasing artworks in progress, achieved through popular participation and partnerships with various governmental and non-governmental organizations.

Religion in Campinas

Campinas is located in the most Catholic country in the world in absolute numbers. The Catholic Church had its legal status recognized by the federal government in October 2009, even though Brazil is now an officially secular state.

Like the verifiable cultural variety in Campinas, there are various religious manifestations present in the city. Although it has been developed on a predominantly Catholic social matrix, both because of colonization as immigration – and even today most from Campinas declares itself Catholic – you can currently find in the city dozens of different Protestant denominations, as well as the practice of Buddhism , Islam, spiritualism, among others. In recent decades, Buddhism and Eastern religions have grown considerably in the city. It is estimated that there are over 100,000 Buddhists, Hindus and followers seichonoitas. Also there is considerable Jewish, Mormon communities, and african-Brazilian religions. According to data from the 2000 census conducted by the IBGE, the population of Campinas is composed of: Catholics (68.39%), Protestant (18.31%), irreligious people (7.32%), spiritualists (2, 31%), Buddhists (0.25%), Jews (0.04%) and others (0.16%).

Christianity

Second division made by the Catholic Church, the municipality is situated in the Ecclesiastical Province of Campinas, with this seat. Also part of the Archdiocese of Campinas, created as a diocese on June 7, 1908 and elevated to archdiocese on April 19, 1958, being subdivided into five suffragan dioceses (Amparo, Braganca Paulista, Limeira, Piracicaba and São Carlos). The Campinas Pastoral Region, which comprises all the Campinas area, is composed of 51 parishes, two “quasi-parishes”, 251 communities-nine chapels. Is divided into eight foranias: Good Shepherd Heart of Mary, Our Lady Aparecida, Our Lady of the Rosary, Holy Apostles, Christ the King, Padre Anchieta and Santa Cruz.

The Metropolitan Cathedral of Campinas (also called the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in honor of the patron saint of Campinas), located in the Plaza Jose Bonifacio, city center, is considered one of the main Catholic churches from Campinas. Construction began in 1807 and was only founded in 1883, been listed by the Defense Council of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Touristic and the Defense Council of Campinas Cultural Heritage in 1988.

The city has several Protestant or Reformed faiths, such as the Lutheran Church, the Presbyterian Church, the Methodist Church, the Episcopal Church Anglican and Baptist churches. Apart from various evangelical creeds, as the Evangelical Community Heal Our Land, the Maranatha Christian Church, the Assemblies of God Churches, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the World Church of the Power of God, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, Christian Congregation of Brazil, among others. As mentioned above, according to the IBGE, in 2000 18.31% of the population were Protestants. Of this total, 12.76% are evangelical Pentecostal churches of origin; 3.65% are evangelical mission; 1.25% are evangelical institutionally unaffiliated; and 0.65% belong to other Protestant religions.

There are also several other Christian denominations, such as Jehovah’s Witnesses (representing 0.86 per cent of the population) and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (0.20 per cent), also known as Mormon Church. The Temple of Campinas, opened in May 1998, is a leading Mormon temples in the country, serving more than 117,000 members in 36 wards in the region.

Policy of Campinas

According to the Constitution of 1988, Campinas is located in a presidential federal republic. Was inspired by the U.S. model, however, the Brazilian legal system follows the Roman-Germanic tradition of positive law. The municipal administration is given by the executive and the legislature.

Prior to 1930, municipalities were run by the mayors, executives also called stewards or agents. Only after the 1930 Revolution is segregated from the municipal executive and legislative powers. The first quartermaster who had been Campinas Antonio Alvares Lobo, who was in office between 1892 and 1894, and the first mayor was Orosimbo Maia. In 56 mandates, several people have passed by the city. The candidate at municipal elections in Brazil in 2008 was Hélio de Oliveira Santos, Democratic Labor Party (PDT), which took office the following year. He got more than 367 000 valid votes, 67.03 percent of the total runoff, which was held since the county has more than 200 000 voters and no candidate won more than 50 percent of the vote in the first round. But Helio and his deputy, Demetrius Vilagra were disfranchised for suspected corruption, then took over as mayor, Pedro Serafim Junior. after indirect elections by the City Council. In 2013, Jonas Donizette took office, elected mayor of Campinas obtaining 315,488 votes (57.69 percent of valid votes) in the 2nd round of the 2012 elections.

The legislative authority of the city of Campinas is made by the municipal council, composed of 33 councilors elected to four-year terms (in compliance with Article 29 of the Constitution) and is composed as follows: eight chairs the Democratic Labor Party; three chairs of the Democrats; three from the Brazilian Social Democracy Party; three from the Socialist People’s Party; three from the Workers’ Party; three from the Brazilian Socialist Party; two of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party; two from the Brazilian Labor Party; two Green Party; one of the Progressive Party; one from the Social Christian Party; one of the Communist Party of Brazil; and the National Mobilization Party.

The city of Campinas is governed by law orgânica80 and is still the seat of a judicial district. Until 2005, the state judiciary was located in the center, in an old building, the Palace of Justice, but better known as “forum”, which no longer had room for growth in demand, being replaced that year by the Judicial City Campinas, located in Jardim Santana, Eastern Region, a complex that since the inauguration has been sometimes extended neighborhood.

In 2010, according to the Superior Electoral Court of the state of São Paulo, Campinas was divided into seven precincts (33 th, 274 th, 275 th, 378 th, 379 th, 380 th and 423 th), and had 761,338 voters. Since 1986.84 Campinas is home to the Regional Labor Court of the 15th Region (TRT-15), created as TRT dismemberment of the 2nd Region, headquartered in São Paulo, with jurisdiction over all municipalities in the state of São Paulo (except Ibiúna and Juquitiba) outside the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and the metropolitan area of ​​Santos, with the exception of Mongagua, Itanagar and Peruibe.

Twinship

Twinship is an initiative of the Center for International Relations, which seeks the integration between the city and other domestic and foreign cities. The integration between municipalities is fastened by means of cooperation agreements, which aim to ensure the maintenance of peace among peoples, based on brotherhood, happiness, friendship and mutual respect between nations. Officially, has the following sister cities:

Paraguay Asuncion, Paraguay since 1973;
India Auroville, India, since 2004;
Brazil Belem, Pará, since 2003;
Brazil Blumenau, Santa Catarina, since 1983;
Angola Cabinda in Angola, since 2009;
Camanducaia Brazil, Minas Gerais, since 2010;
Portugal Cascais in Portugal, since 2012;
Chile Concepción, Chile, since 1979;
Argentina Córdoba, Argentina, since 1993;
Cotorro Cuba, Cuba, since 2009;
Ivory Coast Daloa, Ivory Coast, since 1982;
China Fuzhou, China, since 1996;
Japan Gifu, Japan, since 1982;
State of Palestine Jericho, Palestine, since 2003;
Italy Malito, Italy, since 2006;
Serbia Novi Sad, Serbia, since 1989;
Peruibe Brazil, in São Paulo, since 1991;
United States San Diego, United States, since 1995;
Brazil Ubatuba, in Sao Paulo since 2007.

Subdivisions

The Campinas has, besides boroughs of its four districts, fourteen regional governments, each in turn divided into several neighborhoods. Also divided into six regions: Central, North, East, South and Northwest and Southwest.

Central Region: It’s what’s most densely urbanized, predominantly vertical, having the highest concentration of shopping, medical facilities and services across the city. In it there both residential and mixed areas with high purchasing power (Cambuí and Vila Itapura) as well as degraded areas and with many abandoned buildings (upper part of the center, next to the old road and the area next to the old station Guanabara region.
Eastern region: Here, there is a predominance of residential upscale neighborhoods (like Alphaville, New Campinas, Lawn and Taquaral) and some neighborhoods near slums (Vila Brandina). The districts of Sousas and Joaquim Egidio are located in this region. In this region there are the Dom Pedro Park and Iguatemi shopping malls, as well as rural districts (Banana plantation and Carlos Gomes).
Northwest Region: occupies the region between the SP-101 (south) and SP-348 (west) roads, with the oldest and encompasses the region of Campo Grande neighborhood. In this region also focus large government investment records, such as the binding of SP-101 highway to Avenida John Boyd Dunlop. Part of the districts, especially those located in the Campo Grande and Itajaí, are known for great autonomy, since it is located away from the center. In this region, is situated Flags Shopping Park, between the highway and PUCC II Adalberto Panzan. Along with Parque D. Pedro Shopping and Shopping Iguatemi, is one of the largest shopping malls in the city.
Northern Region: includes the districts of Barao Geraldo and Nova Aparecida, the region of Amarais, the Garden and the Garden Chapadão Aurelia.
Southwest Region: This region which are in other regions, such as the Green Gold from Congonhas Airport and DIC’s (housing estates belonging to the Industrial District). It is also located the Industrial District.
South Region: Contains various economic classes and focuses various types of urban occupation: upper middle class neighborhoods (Jardim Proenca, Meadow Park), middle class (Leonor Garden, Garden New Europe), lower-middle class (Vila Formosa), lower class (garden Campo Belo) and occupations in the process of legalization (Oziel Park, part of the Lake Garden) and illegal. Although considered an area in constant growth, trade, in most neighborhoods, is only local, but there is an important industrial area, where there are plants such as Valeo, hypermarkets and shopping Campinas.
Among the districts, in 2000, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the most populous, besides the headquarters, was Baron Gerard, who possía 45 585 inhabitants. Currently, one of the most populous neighborhoods is Taquaral.

Economy of Campinas

The Gross Domestic Product of Campinas is the largest metropolitan region of Campinas, the fifth of the state of São Paulo and the 13th nationwide. According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for 2008, the gross domestic product of the municipality was 29,363 064,180 thousand. real, and 8133470000 are taxes on products net of subsidies at current prices. The per capita gross domestic product is 27 788.98 reais and the Human Development Index of income is 0.845, while that of Brazil is 0.723.

According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the city had, in 2009, 46,362 local units, 44 496 active companies and business establishments and 780,390 workers, with 420,180 total employed 360,210 wage and busy. Wages along with other compensation totaled 9,233,608 and the average real monthly wage of every municipality was 4.4 minimum wages. The main economic source is centered on the tertiary sector, with its various segments of trade and delivery of various service areas such as education and health. Then we highlight the secondary sector, with large industrial complexes.

Agriculture is the least important sector of the economy Campinas. Of the entire gross domestic product of the city, 32.173 million is the real gross value added of agriculture. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, in 2009, the municipality did not have cattle or hogs, having only 54 610 birds, among these 48 310 6 300 chickens and roosters, chickens and chicks. In 2009, the city has produced 410,000 dozen eggs galinha.93 In temporary crops, mainly sugar cane (92 000 tonnes), corn (12,708 tons) and tomatoes (3 820 tons) are produced. In Campinas, also stood out for quite a while coffee cultivation, which has always been one of the main sources of income of the municipality and is considered as a regional hub of coffee.

The Campinas Agronomic Institute is the research body of Sao Paulo Agency for Agribusiness Technology, the Department of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo. Founded in 1887 by Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, today its main objective is to develop projects aimed at improvements in agriculture.

The industry is currently the second most important for the economy of the municipality sector. 5,610,410 municipal real gross domestic product is gross value added of industry (secondary sector). The city concentrates around one third of industrial production of São Paulo state. Noteworthy are the high-tech industries and metallurgical park, considered the capital of the Brazilian Silicon Valley.

The region hosts more than 10,000 medium and large companies, many of which are among the thousand largest and best in Brazil, according to Exame magazine, such as Honda, Toyota, Unilever, Mann, 3M Brazil, Bosch, Bridgestone, Pirelli , Dell, IBM, BASF, Dow Chemical, Villares, Ericsson, Singer, Goodyear, CPFL, Elektro, Valeo, Rigesa, International Paper, Nortel, Lucent, Samsung, Motorola, Medley, Cristália, Romi, Tenneco, General Electric, Texas Instruments Mabe, Altana, Solectron, AmBev, Caterpillar, Bombardier, CAF and many others. The petrochemical complex is centered in the municipality of Paulinia a few miles of Campinas, near the refinery of Petrobras Planalto Paulista (replan) is the largest in Brazil one of the largest in Latin America, and has companies like Dupont, Chevron, Shell, Exxon , Ipiranga group, Eucatex, Rhodia, and others.

The provision of services yields 15,587,011,000 to the municipal real gross domestic product. The tertiary sector is now the major source of Campinas gross domestic product, highlighting mainly in the area of ​​trade. The city boasts several shopping centers and malls such as Mall Campinas; Iguatemi Campinas; and Shopping Parque Dom Pedro.

Also there are the micro. In the Brazilian ranking of formalization of individual microentrepreneurs, Campinas figure in first place among the cities of the country. The region of the city center also concentrates a very significant portion of trade and services, highlighting the popular trade, and there are hairdressers, retail clothing and accessories; varieties and trade popular (street) stores; artisans and food supply for household consumption. Also note in Campinas Campinas Municipal Market, which opened in April 12, 1908.

The Union of Commerce of Campinas, Valinhos and Paulinia (SECCAMP), founded on May 15, 1941, represents and defends the shopkeeper class of Campinas and the other two cities in union activities.

Education in Campinas

The town has schools in all its regions. The population of the rural area has easy access to nearby schools in urban areas because of the high rate of urbanization. Development Index of average basic education among public schools in Campinas was, in 2009, 4.7; value up to the municipal and state schools throughout Brazil, which is 4.0 percent. The municipality had, in 2009, approximately 206,325 enrollments, 10 464 teachers and 702 schools in the public and private networks. The value of education Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.925 (rated as very high), while Brazil’s is 0.849.

According to the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Teixeira and the Ministry of Education, the illiteracy rate in 2000 among persons 18-24 years of age was 1.330 percent, while the adult literacy rate that year was 95.01% (Brazil’s was 84% 108). The gross rate of school attendance that year was 87.540 percent, and the country this rate was 81.5% .110 16 605 inhabitants had less than 1 year of study or did not have any instructions. In 2010, 709 students attended the special education system and studied 8552 children in nurseries, with 1512 students from nursery schools had classes full time.

Since 1959, the city of Campinas is home to the only training school cadets of the Brazilian Army, the Preparatory School of Cadets Army. Offering the 1st year of the integrated military training Higher Education, the school prepares future cadets of the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras, that after four years of studies, graduating with the rank of Aspirant Officer.

Science and technology in Campinas

Although the story linking Campinas technology dates back over a hundred years (Campinas was the third city in the world to adopt the technology of the telephone in 1883, after Chicago and Rio de Janeiro when they were installed 57 devices and the Agronomic Institute of Campinas, previously mentioned, which was founded in 1887) the city got a big boost with the structuring of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) campus, started in 1962.

Currently, Campinas is the third largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for at least 15% of national scientific production (according to 2010 data) .12 116 Local universities also have great commitment to the area, such as the State University of Campinas (Unicamp), the largest producer of research patents in the country, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUCC), Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Colleges of Campinas (FACAMP), School of Advertising and Marketing (ESPM) school of Management, Marketing and Communications (ESAMC), among others.

Apart from higher education institutions, the city also hosts major research institutes such as the National Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Renato Ascher Information Technology Center (CTI), Center for Advanced Research Wernher von Braun Center Research and Development in Telecommunications (CPqD), the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), among others.

Health in Campinas

In 2009, the municipality had 373 health facilities including hospitals, emergency rooms, clinics and dental services, including 103 public and 270 private them. Them the city had 3000 beds for hospitalization, and 817 are in public and the remaining 2183 are in private. One of the oldest hospitals in the region, located in the city, is the House Health Campinas, which has its origins in outbreaks of yellow fever occurred between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

The Mobile Emergency Care of Campinas has 51 doctors, 18 nurses and 70 drivers. There are 61 Health Centres (Basic Health Units), about 1 for every 20,000 inhabitants.

In the city, there are 19 general hospitals, three public, eleven-five private philanthropic. Campinas also has 11 443 doctors, 10.7 per thousand inhabitants, and in 2009, there were 341,290 women of childbearing age (between 10 and 49 years). The Human Development Index (HDI) of longevity in Campinas is 0.787 (the Brazilian is 0.638), with a life expectancy of 72.22 years.

Public safety and crime in Campinas

As in most medium and large Brazilian cities, crime is still a problem in Campinas. In 2008, the homicide rate in the city was 15.9 per 100 thousand inhabitants, ranking 82 th place in the state and in 1147 th place in the country. The suicide rate that year per 100 thousand inhabitants was 5.6, and 112 ° at the state level and 1030 ° nationally. Regarding the rate of deaths due to traffic accidents, the rate was 25.6 per 100 thousand inhabitants, being the 92 statewide and 721 ° in place nationally.

To try to reduce these rates, many projects are conducted in fighting crime, such as the creation of the Drug Prevention Coordinator, which aims to combat the use of drugs, a practice that increasingly is spreading mainly among young people, with which is a leading cause of occurrence of crime. Under the Federal Constitution of Brazil, Campinas also has a Municipal Guard, responsible for protecting the goods, services and public facilities in the municipality.

Housing, services and communication of Campinas

In 2000, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the city had 283,446 homes including apartments, houses, and rooms. Of this total 197,536 were owned properties, with 162,263 already settled themselves (57.25%), 35 273 in acquisition (12.44%) and leased 50 244 (17.73%); 22,829 properties were sold, with 4701 per employer (1.66%) and 18 128 assigned otherwise (6.44%). 12 837 were otherwise occupied (4.53%). Much of the city has treated water, electricity, sewage, street cleaning, fixed-line and mobile telephony. That year, 96.37% of homes were covered by the general system of water supply; 133 95.45% of dwellings had garbage collection, and 85.88% of the households had sanitary sewer.

The water supply is made by the Company for Water Supply and Sanitation (SANASA). Currently the company serves 98% of the urban population, with 210,000 connections through 3112 km of pipelines. Most of the water (95%) captured by Sanasa for the supply of Campinas comes from the Atibaia River, passing through the district Sousas eastern region of the county. The remaining 5% are captured in Capivari River, in the south of the city. This company is also responsible for the collection of sewage. The average annual volume of drinking water produced is of the order of 100 million cubic meters, which are carried by more than 3884 km of pipelines and distribution networks and booked in 69 reservoirs scattered throughout the city (25 high and 44 semienterrados) with capacity total of 122 million liters. All treatment plants water Sanasa are of the conventional type, using physicochemical processes for drinking water treatment. The service electric power supply is made by the Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, whose headquarters is located in the city. Currently there are 14.5 million points of public lighting.

On data from the National Telecommunications Agency, in May 2011 Campinas had 462,233 landlines (referring only to dealers and Telefónica Telesp). The area code of the direct distance (DDD) is dial 19139 and and City Post Code (Zip Code) goes to 13000-000 13139-999. There is easy access to the internet in good part of town. Some points already have wireless network (wireless internet).

There are also several newspapers in circulation in Campinas, as the Correio Popular and Diário do Povo. Among the radios, stand out Rádio Bandeirantes in Brazil Radio and Radio Globo. There are also several television stations. According to the BSD Portal, in April 2011 there were 21 channels, six in Very High Frequency (VHF) and 15 Ultra High Frequency (UHF). Three of them are available in high-definition television (HDTV technology). When it comes to digital transmission, Campinas was the first city capital of Brazil not to have digital TV with EPTV, an affiliate of Rede Globo, on December 3, 2008.

Transportations of Campinas

Airway

The International Airport of Guarulhos / Campinas (IATA: VCP, ICAO: SBKP), located at the southern end of the city, is the second largest air cargo terminal in the country, covering 18.1% of the total flow of goods at airports. Currently, for every three tonnes of goods exported and imported in Brazil, Congonhas passes. Airway is an alternative to the Greater São Paulo.

In the northern region, located Amarais of Field Airport (IATA: CPQ, ICAO: SAM) for aircraft to small and medium-sized as well as teaching riding, and is located about 8 km from the center city.

Railway

Campinas was one of the largest railway junctions in the state of São Paulo. The rails Companhia Paulista came to the city in 1872 Dali, rails journeyed to the South of Minas Gerais (by Mogiana) for the interior of the State and Mato Grosso do Sul (the Paulista and the Sorocabana) and two small extinct lines: a. Funilense (“Hopper” was the name of the farm that would name the core that gave the city of Cosmopolis) and Extension Steely Campineiro, extending the Sousas and Joaquim Egidio. Currently, the lines run by Brazil Railways are reduced to a few daily trips freight trains with diesel locomotives moved to a very low speed (below 30 km / h) and many of the old rail beds are abandoned, overrun by homeless or serving as a hiding place for criminals.

Between 1991 and 1995, Campinas operated in a transport medium capacity rail, known as light rail, or simply VLT. However, due to several mistakes in its implementation, such as the lack of integration with the central station and a bus at a disadvantage, commercial operation has been insufficient, and the service discontinued. In the medium term it is essential that the design of the VLT is resumed and expanded by governments, because a good network of rail transportation would solve part of the problems facing Campinas with pollution and congestion arising from a growing fleet. However, the physical structure of the VLT was removed, cut or vandalized and still remains unused. There are projects for the use of the bed for busways, including the implementation of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT, lit: “bus rapid transit”), which, if approved, will be expressed initially in the Northwest corridor (Corridor Campo Grande, Avenida John Boyd Dunlop). According to the mayor, the city awaits the release of funds from the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) II to the beginning of construction.

There are other studies and projects in the region involving rail that roam various levels of government. The only one that has guaranteed funding for parliamentary amendment in the Multiannual Plan 2012-2015 of the federal government, is the rail link between Amparo Quarry Jaguariúna and Campinas to transport cargo and passengers. It is speculated that operate from 2015.

In state government, two projects have moved to the region to come up Campinas. One is the regional train, intended to link São Paulo to Jundiaí, and another is the stretch of Paulista Metropolitan Trains Company (CPTM), which also reaches Jundiaí. The Union of Rail, Paulista is campaigning by the CPTM extension to Campinas. The idea is to integrate with a quality transportation Urban Cluster of Jundiaí Metroplitana Region of Campinas, Campinas plus integrate via commuter train, the cities of the southeastern part of the MRC. Thus, Vineyard and Valinhos belonging to RMC, will have direct connection to Campinas. The northwest metro train would have their extension to Limeira, with stations in Hortolandia, Sumaré, Nova Odessa, American and Limerick. Including Limeira and Piracicaba population count in the northwestern part of the MRC, sum up almost 1.5 million inhabitants.

Highway

The city is a major road junctions in the country, passing it several highways. Some of the most important in the city are: the Anhanguera Highway (SP-330), which crosses the city; Bandeirantes Highway (SP-348), passing in the southern region of the city; Adalberto Panzan highway, main connection between Anhanguera and Bandeirantes highways; Rodovia Dom Pedro I (SP-065), ends at Anhanguera and crosses the city in sequentially eastward, south and southeast; Rodovia Santos Dumont (SP-075), which follows the north-south direction; Adhemar de Barros Highway (SP-340), which follows the north; Motorway Teacher Zeferino Vaz (SP-332), passing to the northwest; Motorway Journalist Francisco Aguirre Proenca (SP-101), which follows the west; José Roberto Magalhães Teixeira Highway (SP-083), which serves as a liaison between Route Dom Pedro I and the Anhanguera Highway in the north-south direction; Motorway Lix da Cunha (SP-73), which connects the city to Indaiatuba; and Highway Melhado Miguel Campos (SP-324), which connects the center of the municipality of Guarulhos Airport Vineyard to bypassing the central region of Campinas, giving access only to the suburbs.

The Multimodal Terminal Ramos de Azevedo is the main station for intercity and interstate transportation of Campinas. It opened in June 2008 to replace the old bus station in town – Bus Station Dr. Barbosa de Barros – due to not meeting the demand of the city, degradation, lack of space and conditions for the operation of the lines, especially at peak times and eve of public holidays.

One of the major intersections of the city is Sao Paulo Viaduct, also known as “Laurão” (in honor of the mayor whose administration was carried out the work, Lauro Pericles Gonçalves), which has approximately 340 meters and is intended solely for the use of vehicles and with two lanes on each side, crossing the stream valley Proenca and passing over the junction via the North-South and Avenue Princess D’Oeste, and go through the underpass on average 48,000 vehicles per working day. Connects the neighborhoods of the Central Region (Center Grove and Cambuí) the districts of the Eastern Region (New Campinas, Garden Painswick, Lawn), the highway Dom Pedro I (SP-65) and the districts of Sousas and Joaquim Egidio. It also highlights the Complex Roadway Tunnel Joah hairstyle, which consists of two tunnels, 370 and 450 meters long, connecting the center to the Industrial Village in Campinas.

Urban

The city has approximately two hundred lines of urban buses (managed by EMDEC) and one hundred lines of metropolitan and intercity buses (managed by EMTU-SP). The municipal mass transit system – Intercamp – intended to reduce competition between dealers (also called perueiros) and the bus companies (two companies – VB and Onicamp – and two consortia – Concicamp and Urbcamp). There are four open ends (Shopping Iguatemi, Shopping Dom Pedro, Central, and Market) and seven closed terminals (Barao Geraldo, Nova Aparecida, Campo Grande, Union Village, Green Gold, Itajaí and New Life), plus some transfer stations deployed (Judicial City, Abolition, PUC) and others that are being implemented, no date set.

In 2010, we implemented the Central Corridor, a highway corridor that favors public transportation in central avenues and modified the Patella, system implemented in 1996 that put the two lanes of the boulevards Anchieta, Orozimbo Maia, Senator Scott, Sales and Moral Sister Serafina with traffic in the same direction with the introduction of dedicated lanes and preferential lanes for collective, accessibility and traffic lights in points.

The municipal fleet in 2009 was 615,962 vehicles, with 457,529 cars, 16,091 trucks, tractor trucks 2550, 40,344 trucks, 2884 minibuses, 81,931 motorcycles, 10,163 scooters, 4316 buses and 154 wheel tractors. Duplicate and paved avenues and several lights facilitate traffic in the city, but the growth in the number of vehicles in the past decade is generating an increasingly slower car traffic, especially at the county headquarters. Moreover, it has become difficult to find parking spaces in the shopping center, which has been generating some losses to trade. The Municipal Development Company of Campinas (EMDEC), subordinated to the Municipal Transport (Setransp), governs and regulates the system of public transport, manage traffic and, through their agents, Traffic, apply fines to drivers who commit offenses transit.

Bike lanes

Because of its rugged, Campinas is not a city with ideal conditions for the practice of cycling. By the year 2006, Campinas had no bike lane, only one bike lane with approximately 5 km around the Taquaral Lake, installed in the early 1990s and expanded with the completion of the Heralds Square of Peace In 2006 bike lanes have been installed on median of Avenida Atilio Martini, in the district of Baron Gerard and another bike lane in both directions of Highway Amarais.

Currently, Campinas has 19.7 km of bike paths and bike lanes (with 15.7 km of bike lane and just 4 km bike path). Taquaral surrounding the Park are 6.5 km extension of bike lane. The rest are distributed in: Barao Geraldo, 1 km and 3 km bike lane bike lane; in the region of Amarais, bike lane 5 km long; the Linear Park Don Pedro, bike 3 km long; and Baron Coffee, bike lane with 1.2 km long region.

Culture of Campinas

The responsibility for the cultural sector of Campinas is the Municipal Culture, which aims to plan and execute the cultural policy of the municipality through the development of programs, projects and activities aimed at cultural development. Is linked to the Mayor’s Office, part of the indirect administration of the municipality and has administrative and financial autonomy, guaranteed, especially for budget allocations, own assets, implementing its revenues and signing contracts and agreements with other institutions. This area was structured by the Municipal Law 10.248 of 15 September 1999, being composed of the Office of the Municipal Secretary of Culture, the Administrative Department, the Department of Culture, Department of Campinas Symphony Orchestra and the Department of Municipal Radio System and TV.

The city has always had a prominent position in the state of São Paulo with great production and cultural resources. Has three municipal theaters, with the Symphony of the city, several classical music groups, choirs, 43 cinemas, dozens of libraries, art galleries, museums and publishers of national prominence. It is also the birthplace of Antonio Carlos Gomes, famous composer of operas in Italy nineteenth century, with works such as The Guarani, Fosca and The Slave, and a poet and writer Hilda Hilst.169 Santos Dumont also lived a while in Campinas and studied Worship in the College of Science. Also born in Campinas Guilherme de Almeida, Joaquim de Souza Aranha Egydio writer, the Marquis of Three Rivers, and rural policy owner several times deputy for Sao Paulo, having occupied the chair of St. Paul, and the fourth President of the Republic, Campos Sales.

Theater and performing arts spaces of Campinas

Campinas has three municipal theaters, namely the Living Center – multipurpose space, which allows the realization of theater, dance, lectures, symposia, conferences, art exhibitions and other areas, which was designed by architect Fábio Penteado, being established in 1976 and having a capacity of about five thousand people – José Mendes de Castro Theatre, founded in 1976, adapted from the building of the former cinema Industrial Village, Cine Casablanca, possessing outstanding architectural features, besides being in reforms no projected finish since 2007 – apart from the Children’s Theatre “Carlos Maia”, located inside the Bosque Jequitibás, having a capacity of about 150 people and is designed to meet the demands of children. Among other spaces dedicated to organizing events also include the Teatro Dingenouts Padre Pedro, also known as Centro Cultural Coexistence Village “Padre Anchieta,” which features a concert hall with capacity for 300 people; and the Auditorium “Beethoven”, which has a capacity of about 2000 seats, being designed for events from small to midsized outdoors. There was also the Teatro Municipal de Campinas, which was opened in 1930 and demolished in 1965 for unknown reasons.

Annually, Campinas hosts the Festival of Photography Hercules Florence, which has the support of the City Hall. The Hercule Florence Photography Festival was created in 2007 from the amalgamation of the Seminar and the Present Picture of the Week Unicamp and Hercule Florence, the City of Campinas. Over the years, the Festival has been gaining accessions and today with the participation of the Museum of Image and Sound, Municipal Culture, Photography Center of Campinas, SESC, Senac, CPFL and Memory Center at Unicamp.

In the city, are also organized various cultural events focusing for the theatrical industry. Highlights the Popularization Campaign Theatre, organized by the Association of Professional Theatre of Campinas since 1985, the campaign is directed to adults and children, offering plays and musicals performed at the Center for Cultural Coexistence Carlos Gomes.180 Among the musical groups highlights the symphony of the city, founded in 1974, during the festivities of the bicentennial of the city and is considered one of the three largest in the country side of the OSB and OSESP.

The Campinense Academy of Letters established in May 17, 1953, by the then municipal secretary of education and culture, Professor Francisco Ribeiro Sampaio, also held the chair of English Philology at the Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), is the institution that brings together the townspeople who have published works of recognized merit or books of literary value. Among the gallery of the components, are names such as Monteiro Lobato, Julio de Mesquita and Vital Brazil. Already Campineira Academy of Arts and Letters (ACLA), founded in November 1970, consists of forty full members occupying the same number of academic chairs, whose patrons were chosen with the aim of honoring great artistic and literary personalities. Stand out names like Heitor Villa-Lobos, Cecilia Meireles and Clarice Lispector.

Museums and attractions of Campinas

Campinas has several museums, including the Museum of Contemporary Art – municipal public institution subordinated to the Department of Culture, Sport and Recreation, and focused on conservation, study and dissemination of contemporary Brazilian art – the Museum of Modern Art – Museum of History natural – institution listed by the Defense Council of Historical, Artistic and Archaeological Interest (CONDEPHAAT in 1970) and the Council for the Defense of Cultural Heritage of Campinas (CONDEPACC in 1991) – and the Museum of Image and Sound – museum public focused on disseminating and preserving the assets of audiovisual memory município.186 the Campos Sales Museum, Carlos Gomes Museum and Art Gallery of the Center for Science, Letters and Arts are located in the same building in the center.

As for tourist attractions, the main city park of the city is Portugal Park, better known as Taquaral, depending on the name of the pond, founded in 1972. In it there is a gymnasium, a route of tram that circles the pond, the Planetarium. Other attractions are the Jequitibás Wood, which in its interior houses a mini-zoo and the Museum of Natural History. The lookout on top of the castle tower allows an almost complete view of the city from its six gunwales. There is also the Culture Station, which occupies the premises of the city’s old railway station, dating from 1884. Anhumas There is also the station, starting point of the tourist route of steam locomotive that connects Campinas Jaguariuna. The Saudade Cemetery was founded in 1881 and today is considered one of the most important cemeteries in Brazil due to the architectural wealth and importance of the works of art bearing a large part of their graves, among them pieces of marble, granite, copper and brass , sculpted by artists like Tomagnini, Rosy J., Velez, Albertini and Colluccini, and was listed by the Defense Council of Campinas Cultural Heritage (Condepacc).

In the city there are also five public libraries, namely: the Municipal Public Library Teacher Ernesto Manuel Zink, established in 1971; Public Library Children “Monteiro Lobato”, founded in 1979; Public Library District Sousas “Guilherme de Almeida”, opened in 1963; and the Municipal Public Library “Joaquin Castro Tibiriçá”, installed in 1976.

Sports in Campinas

Campinas is home to two football clubs nationally recognized: a. Athletic Association Ponte Preta and Guarani Futebol Clube, who perform “Campineiro derby” match that is considered one of the most traditional of the Interior of the state occurring since 1912 There is also Red Bull Brazil, which was created in November 2007 and lately has gained significant prominence. Women’s football has also been increasing, albeit amateurishly. In the story also revealed other clubs, such as Mogiana Sports Club, which was created in June 7, 1933 and came into bankruptcy in the late 60,196.

The city also has three major stages: Stadium Earring of the Golden Princess, owned by the Guarani, which opened in 1953 and today has a capacity of about 30 thousand people; Sports and Recreation Centre in Campinas Dr. Horacio Antonio da Costa (Cerecamp the Stadium or Arena Mogiana), which belongs to the state government of São Paulo and was opened in 1940; beyond Moises Lucarelli stadium, command the Black Bridge, which was founded in 1948 and has the capacity to almost 20 thousand visitors.

The city is also home to several sporting events in other modalities, such as the Race Integration, which is held since 1983 by Pioneer Broadcasters Television (EPTV), being divided into two modes (one 5 km, dedicated to disabled people and wheelchair users, and another 10 km, the normal) .200 Campinas also has tradition in the Open Games of the Interior, created in 1936 and competition involving various sports. Four times, hosted the competition (1939, 1945, 1960 and 1994), and ten times the city came out as the winner of the competition (1939, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1978 and 1979), being the third city which has won the most competition. In tennis there is the Tennis Club of Campinas (CBT), which was created in 1913, offering, in addition to blocks to practice this sport, swimming pools, courts for basketball and soccer field, as well as rooms suitable for the practice of judo , gymnastics and dance. The Campineiro Clube de Regatas and Swim (CCRN) also provides space for the practice of various forms of Olympic sports.

Campinas is also recognized for their volleyball teams, in 2010 the city Medley company launched the men’s volleyball team Medley / Campinas, the team came in order to promote the Campinas population the benefits of having a healthier life through practical sports besides the Medley / Campinas also develops social actions such as training new athletes through team based, donations of food, clothing and toys that are redeemed for tickets. Since 2010 the team has gained enough visibility and significant scores. In 2011 took 2nd place in the Paulista championship in 2012 and is ranked for the final of the Paulista championship with the same opponent last year, SESI. The team has big stars of the Brazilian scenario volleyball, including Mauricio Lima as ambassador of the team and the player André Heller. Campinas in 2012 also won a women’s volleyball team, Amil Campinas. The women’s team also has big stars like José Roberto coach of the Brazilian women’s volleyball team gold medalists at the Olympics in London in 2012 and Walewska player. The women’s team with less than 1 year of creation has been gaining notoriety and is rated for the Paulista championship semifinal against SESI team.

Holidays in Campinas

Campinas, there are three municipal holidays, eight national holidays and three optional points, which were defined first by Law 173 of June 28, 1949 The municipal holidays are: Memorial Day, on November 2; Black Awareness Day on 20 November; and the day of Our Lady of Conception, patroness city, celebrated on December 8. Contrary to what many think, the anniversary of the emancipation policy, July 14, is not considered as a holiday, being only a commemorative date. According to the Federal Law n. º 9,093, adopted on September 12, 1995, municipalities can have a maximum of four public holidays of a religious nature, already included a Friday.