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80Nã¼Î©ç|\lhrWlXÉÖíÁÄ«½ú{lÖWÒÍAü§ÀÌÀ{ÆOãµÄAå«ÈXe[Wðõ¦½V[Nuði}jjñsÉI[v³¹½BoÒÍú{AJo±ÌÈ¢tBsl«_T[çñ50lÅ èAXe[WÌÔA_T[ÍEFCgXÉÏíèµÄqÈðs«·éªAµÄqÌ×ÉÍÀ縧Á½ÜÜÅηéÆ¢¤B±ÌÖWÒª©¦Ä¢éÌÍñNãBui»srUÅÖ¶çêÄ¢éjÚqs×ðêصȢ{¨Ì_T[ðú{Éèo·½ßÌæsBiohâÌèS¾Á½70NãÌjÌÌæ¤ÉâêÎK¸æèØêéÆ¢¤MOª é[94]B
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çÅ ë¤B²¸ÌÈ©ÅoÁ½½ÌtBslG^[eCi[½¿ÍÝÈA¢ÙÌnÅư̽ßɽܵ¶«é§hÈlÔÅ èAÆ°ðx¦égåhÅ éBtBslG^[eCi[½¿ªAú{ÆtBsÉܽªéå«Èïæ\¢ÌÉgÝÜêÄ¢éÆ¢¤»ÀÍA¢Òªã¢Ò©çvðz¢ã°éÆ¢¤AlÔÐïÌÅð\۵Ģéæ¤ÅAÈñÆàâè«êÈ¢v¢ª·éBG^[eCi[Ìl â ðçé±ÆÉÖµÄAúä¼Ì{ƯÔÆÒª¤ÊÌF¯ðà¿A^ɱÌâèÉæègñÅ¢±ÆªúÒ³êéB
@
Ql¶£
E r[áYEfBAEND[EzZÒ@wß»ãú{EtBsÖWjxiâgXC2004j
E îtÞXq@uO[o»ÆoÏi·vw½¿Ì21¢Ixæ416|17Åi2005jB
E âp¿@uüÇíLviukÐC2005j
E ´¤»@ulgðß®éAÌ®«Æú{{ÌæègÝvw½¿Ì21¢Ixæ4112|17Åi2005j
E cGEODîqÒ@uWp䫳ñÌ»Ý|OlJÒðß®éâè_vw»ãÌGXvxæ2499Å|40Åi1988jB
E DAWNÒiDAWN-Japanój@wtBs«G^[eCi[̲ƻÀxi¾ÎXC2005jB
E sYWCAEAPTÒ@wlgÆó¯üêåjb||»ÌÀÔÆ@IÛèxi¾ÎXC2001jB
E ò@@wUEtBspu|ÙíêX·ª`¢½jb|ÌÙóÔxiîñZ^[oÅÇC2001j
E ¡{L÷@uw|\lؾxðß®é@±Èßü³ðl¦évw½¿Ì21¢Ixæ4136|37Åi2005j
E ºãuèoµtBs|ÀÔEôE@vwOlJÒâèÌôÆ@xi1999jB
E RJNv@w¶áÏ䫳ñ|AWA;xiîñZ^[oÅÇC1985j
E àc@l«Ì½ßÌAWA½a¯îàÒ@wÛêåÆïcyÑöJtH[uÛlgÖ~@ÍKv©vñxi2003j
E u«Ìl vÏõïÒ@w«Ìl @AWA@ì|lgEÔÀwâèEîntð\xi¾ÎXC1994jB
E tâèÆÆèÞïÒ@wú{ɨ¯étE«Iïæ½Î^®xi1995jB
E tâèÆÆèÞïÒ@wétE¤t@±êÅǢ̩«Ìl xi1981jB
E ú{î³ctÏõâèÏõïÒ@wtÏõâèðl¦éxi1983jB
E JNATIPÒ@wlgðÈ·½ßÉ|óüåú{ÌÛèxi¾ÎXC2004jB
E @±È@uoüÇvÇNñv
E Filomeno V. Aguilar, Jr., ed.,Filipinosin Global Migrations: at What Home in the World?: Philippine MigrationResearch Network, 2002
E Ballescas, Ma. Rosario P.,FilipinoEntertainers in Japan. An Introduction, Tsukuba City: The Foundation forNationalist Studies, 1992
E Benjamin V. Carino, ed.,FilipinoWorkers on the Move: Trends, Dilemmas and Policy Options: PhilippineMigration Research Network, 1998
E Clair Blossom Cruz,Images and Issues on Filipino Entertainers inJapan, 2006
E De Dios, A. gJapayukisan:Filipinas at Risk,hFilipino Women Overseas Contract Workers:At What Cost? : GoodwillTrading Co.,1992
E Lawrence A. Esguerra,CareerManual for Overseas Performing Artists, Manila: Philippine OverseasEntertainment Industry, 1994
E Jannis T. Montanez,Pains andGains: A Study of Overseas Performing Artists in Japan – from Pre-Departure toReintegration: DAWN, 2003
E Carmelita G. Niqui and Noel L. Josue, ed.,A Critical Assessment of the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Actof 1995(RA 8042): DAWN, 2000
E Rosalinda Pineda-Ofreneo et al. ed.,A Womanfs Work is Never Done: A Review of Literature on Women 1986-1996:Human Development Network Philippines, 1996
E Trinidad S. Osteria,FilipinoFemale Labor Migration to Japan: Economic Causes and Consequences,Manila:De La Salle University Press, 1994
E Proserpina Domingo Tapales, ed.,gReview of Womenfs Studiesh, University Center for Womenfs Studies, University of thePhilippines, vol.8, no.2, 2003
E Lydia N. Yu Jose,gState and Non-State Actors in Philippines-Japan,hPHILIPPINESTUDIES, :Ateneo de Manila University, vol.51,no.2, pp.177-216
E Mamoru Tsuda, ed.,FilipinoDiaspora: Demography, Social Networks, Empowerment and Culture: PhilippineSocial Science Council, 2003
E Philippine Migrants Rights Watch,The Rights of Filipino Migrants, 2003
Ql}\
yÊ\?@Fu»svÌݯiÉæé
tBslVKüÒz
NxiNj | lilj |
1976 | 2,627 |
1977 | 3,034 |
1978 | 3,898 |
1979 | 6,313 |
1980 | 8,505 |
1981 | 12,039 |
1982 | 9,103 |
1983 | 8,375 |
1984 | 11,972 |
1985 | 17,861 |
1986 | 26,029 |
1987 | 36,039 |
1988 | 41,423 |
1989 | 32,636 |
1990 | 42,738 |
1991 | 56,851 |
1992 | 50,976 |
1993 | 42,612 |
1994 | 53,704 |
1995 | 24,022 |
1996 | 18,905 |
1997 | 31,585 |
1998 | 36,550 |
1999 | 45,594 |
2000 | 60,455 |
2001 | 71,678 |
2002 | 74,729 |
2003 | 80,048 |
2004 | 82,741 |
@±È@uoüÇvNñv
yÊ\?AFúäÔÌ¥A£¥ÌÚz
úäÔÌ¥A£¥ÌÚ | |||||||||||||
N | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
¥ | 5825 | 6452 | 6045 | 7240 | 6701 | 6096 | 6192 | 6515 | 7628 | 7243 | 7734 | 7911 | 8517 |
£¥ | 1021 | 1151 | 1333 | 1499 | 1772 | 2269 | 2488 | 2634 | 2882 | 3025 | 3210 | 3366 | 3479 |
04Nú¶JÈ\Ìulû®ÔvvBw}jV·x2005N118ú©§æèøpB
yÊ\?BFOú{l©ç{ÖÌàzziPÊ~j
| 1941 | 1943 |
tBs | 1,166,086 | 156,772 |
^C | 35,656 | 10,980 |
§ÌChVi | 55,138 | 78,396 |
r} | 3,000 | 55,028 |
} | 148,952 | 135,221 |
W | 4,037 | 12,657 |
X}g | 1,458 | 7,500 |
{lI | 35,060 | 23,401 |
Ch | 254,309 | 3,831 |
O±È@Ú¯ÉÖ·év¨æѲ¸ÖWGæñ§
yÊ\?CFOú{l©ç{ÖÌàzziPÊ~j
| 1918-22 | 1923-27 | 1928-32 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 |
tBs | 2,814,938 | 3,847,624 | 4,170,144 | 875,965 | 1,001,119 | 857,240 |
pÌ}[VA | 934,472 | 1,411,946 | 1,940,998 | 494,706 | 247,601 | 198,104 |
ÌCh | 542,578 | 687,683 | 915,863 | 166,595 | 266,650 | 250,313 |
»Ì¼ | 1,155,971 | 1,230,856 | 786,042 | 14,881 | 77,193 | 106,924 |
O±È@Ú¯ÉÖ·év¨æѲ¸ÖWGæl§`æZ§
yÊ\?DFOFW½ÏÀàzizEy\Aàzj
?@Ji_ | 113,325 | ?EØ | 47,429 |
?AÄ | 103,459 | ?Fú{ | 36,500 |
?B¢B | 88,018 | ?G`ÈÇ | 26,141 |
?Cp | 82,947 | ?H | 19,582 |
?DBENZ | 54,643 | ?I¾½mnæ | 11,407 |
POEA2005N118ú\Ìf[^Bw}jV·x2005N119ú©§æèøpB
yÊ\?EF2003NEnæÊOFWi¤ãJÒjhævz
åÈOFWhænæE | lilj |
| 285,564 |
TEWArA | 169,011 |
UAE@ | 49,164 |
NEF[g | 26,225 |
J^[ | 14,344 |
»Ì¼ | 26,820 |
AWA | 254,520 |
` | 84,633 |
ú{ | 62,539 |
äp | 46,371 |
VK|[ | 24,737 |
»Ì¼ | 36,240 |
[bp | 37,981 |
CMX | 13,598 |
C^A | 12,175 |
»Ì¼ | 12,208 |
AJ | 11,049 |
Ji_ | 4,006 |
AJO | 3,666 |
»Ì¼ | 3,377 |
AtJ | 8,750 |
AMõnæ | 5,023 |
IZAjA | 1,698 |
»Ì¼ | 47,573 |
¤ãv | 651,938 |
POEA\Ìf[^EüB<http://www.poea.gov.ph/html/statistics.html>ðQƵ½B
yÊ\?FFtBsÌGNPÆCOoÒ¬JÒ©çÌàzvÌÚziPÊÄhj
Nx | 1998N | 1999N | 2000N | 2001N | 2002N | 2003N | 2004N |
GNP | @685 | 802 | 790 | 757 | 820 | 864 | 980 |
àz (GNPÉèßé) | 74 (11%) | 68 (8%) | 60 (8%) | 60 (8%) | 69 (8%) | 76 (9%) | 86 (9%) |
GNPÍO±ÈÌweby[W<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/philippines/data.html>ðAàzÍPOEAÌweby[W<http://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/spei/tab11.htm>ð»ê¼êQlɵ½BàzÆGNPÉèßéÉÖµÄÍA¬æêÊðlÌÜüµ½B
1.Age 2.MaritalStatus Single / Married withFilipino / Married with Japanese
3. Address in the Philippines (Province where your parents live)
4. Highest Educational Attainment
ElementarySchool / High School / College / Others
5. If Married (Particulars of Husband):
Age Highest EducationalAttainment
Occupation Monthly Income P
6. Number of Children (if you have)
7. With whom are your children staying at present? (if youhave)
Relatives / Husband / Others
8. Number of siblings
9. Are your parents still surviving?
Mother Father
10. Particulars of Parents:
Mother Isshe working? Yes / No
Educational Attainment
Occupation
Monthly Income P
Father Ishe working? Yes / No
Educational Attainment
Occupation
Monthly Income P
11. Particulars of Siblings:
Age Educational Attainment Occupation Monthly Income Doeshe/she live with your parents??
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.What was your job before going to Japan for the first time? / no job
2.Monthly Income P
3.Duration of work ~
4.How did you learn about employment in Japan?
5.What pre-departure problems did you encounter?(in detail)
1.When was the first time going to Japan?
2.Did you go to Japan as a contract worker or as a tourist? Contract worker / Tourist / other way
3.How much did you pay?
Recruitment P
Placement P
Passport P
Airfare P
Visa P
Others(Specify) P
TOTAL P
4.Where did you get the money for the payment?
If borrowed, howmuch did you borrow? P where?
What was theinterest rate? Have you finished the repayment of theloan? Yes / No
1.How many times have you been to Japan as anOPA?
2. Duration (Year/Month)
1 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~
4 ~ 5 ~ 6 ~
7 ~ 8 ~ 9 ~
3. Salary of each time (Monthly. aside from tips)
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
4. Working Venue in Japan (City, Prefecture)
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
5. How did you go there? Regalprocedure / Illegal procedure / Some times regal, some times illegal
Ifillegal, how did you get there? (in detail)
6. Have you everexperienced gFLYING BOOKINGh? Yes / No
7. Have you done gDOHANh? Yes / No If yes, whoasked you to do so?
8. Have you hadintercourse with your customers? Yes / No
If yes,was it with your consent or against your will? With consent / Against your will
If itwas done against your will, who forced you to do it? Customer / Club Owner
9.What problems have youhad in the workplaces?
Who didyou consult?
1. What is the name of your agency (promotion) in the Philippines?
2. How many hours were you working per day/night?
3. How many days couldyou take off per month?
4. How much did you earnper month?
Salary
Commission
Tips
Bonus
Food Allowance
5.Was your salary paidmonthly and directly to you? Yes / No
6.Could you get thesalary prescribed on the contract? Yes / No
7. What was yourresidential type?
Persons per room
8. Were there otherFilipino women in your work place? Yes / No
How many? Do you assist eachother? Yes / No
9. Were you sending moneyto the Philippines? Yes / No
If yes, how much per month? P
10. Who received themoney?
11. How much did you earntotally during your last stay in Japan? P
12. Did your agency(promotion) in the Philippines tell you not to do gDOHANh beforedeparture? Yes / No
13. Have you ever changedyour recruit agency (promotion)? Yes / No
If yes,please tell me the reason.
1. What did you spend themoney earned in Japan for?
Familyfs glossary / Siblingsf education (tuition etcc) / Buy a new house / Buy a new car
Buy your stuff / Save money for next going to Japan / Set up your own business
If you set up your ownbusiness, what kind of business did you start?
2. Has the situation ofyour family improved due to working here?
3. Have your parents quittheir job after your going to Japan? Yes / No
4. If you have children,will you recommend them to go to Japan as you did? Yes / No
5. Do you likeJapan? Yes / No
----This is the end of thequestionnaire. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Your answers will beconfidential. Hope you will have a nice and safe stay in Japan.
yG^[eCi[·«æ貸ÌÊz
Basic Socio-economic Information
1.AgeiNîj@21Î`33Î@½Ï@27.6Î
2.MaritalStatusi¢¥^ù¥j ¢¥¥¥¥22l@ù¥¥¥¥1l
4.HighestEducational AttainmentiÅIwðj
wð | Elementary School | Highschool | College | Others |
lilj | 1 | 17 | 5 | 0 |
6.Numberof ChildreniqÌj
qÌilj | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
lilj | 13 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
8.Numberof SiblingsiZíÌj
Zí/o
ilj | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
lilj | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
@ñÒ1l½è½Ï¥¥¥4.26l
9.Areyour parents still surviving?i¼eÌL³j
10.Particularsof Parentsi¼eÌAJóµ^wðj
E¼eÌL³ÆAJóµ
| ¼eÆàAJ | ÐeªAJ | ¢¸êàAJȵ | vilj |
¼eª¢é | 0 | 8 | 5 | 13 |
Ðeª¢é | m^` | 2 | 8 | 10 |
vilj | O | 10 | 13 | 23 |
E¼eÌwð
| ¬wZ²Æ | Z²Æ | åw²Æ | vilj |
| 4 | 6 | 5 | 15 |
ê | 9 | 8 | 4 | 21 |
11.Particularsof SiblingsiZíÌAJóµj
¢Ä¢é | ³E | w¶ | åw | vilj |
40 | 24 | 19 | 15 | 98 |
Pre-Departure Situation
1.Whatwas your job before going to Japan for the first time?iú{nqOÌAJóµj
dµÄ¢½¥¥¥12l@³E¥¥¥11l
@@ïÌIÈEíidðµÄ¢½ÒÌÝj¥¥¥¹yoh®AHê]ÆõA±õA@@@ÙDAZ[XfBifp[gjAv[VαAú{lü¯JIPNuiuJIPvjαAÈÇB
2.Monthly Incomeiú{nqOÌûj
zi~·Zjñ\4000`\18000B½¾Aú{lü¯NuiuJIPvjŢĢ½ñÒÉÖµÄÍAà§ÅÍ éªúzñ\3000`\9000ÆA½Ìûüð¾Ä¢½B
4. How did you learn about employment in Japan?iú{ÅÌAJ@ïðmé«Á©¯j
FBi13ljðͶßAeÊi4lj⩪©gÅi3ljÈÇBdðÐîµÄê½Flâeʪ·ÅÉú{ÅG^[eCi[ƵÄAJo±ª éÆ¢¤P[Xª½©Á½Bܽeª^gv[VðocµÄ¢éAÆ¢Á½P[Xà Á½B
Departure Situation
2.Did yougo to Japan as a contract worker or as a tourist?iú{ÅÌAJij
@@Sõª as a contract workeri»srUðʵ½ZúÙpÌJÒƵÄjÆñB
3.Howmuch did you pay?inqOÌKvoïÉ¢Äj
ẕè¿ð«ASõªoOïpðú{ÅÌu¿ÌVø«viSalary DeductionjÆ¢¤`ÅãÉx¥¤Bú{ÅÌ^ÌÅÌ1ªÆ¢¤ÌªêÊIÈx¥¢zÅ éB
Working Situation in Japan
1.Howmany times have you been to Japan as an OPA?[95]iOPAƵÄÌú{nqñj
ñiñj | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 15 |
lilj | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3.Salaryof each time (Monthly. Aside from tips/bonus/commissions)iî{^Ìzj
@^ÌãªèûinqñÌÈ¢,PÊ$j
E800
E1500
E450-550
E500-600
E1500-1500
E1800-1800
E400-650-650
E450-500-800
E500-600-550
@E500-600-700
E600-600-700
E600-800-1400
E400-550-750-800
E400-450-900-1100
E500-700-800-900
E450-500-500-800-1000-1100
E500-700-900-1000-900-900
E450-600-800-850-1000-1200-1400
E450-550-600-700-800-1200-1200-1500-1500
E300-400-500-600-700-800-900-1200-1200-1300-1300-1300-1300-1000
@@@¦ñÒ1lÉÖµÄÍA\ªÈf[^ª¾çêÈ©Á½B
4.WorkingVenue in Japaniú{ɨ¯éAJæs¹{§j
§PÊÅWviÌ×j
@_Þì15A¤m12A11A13A·ì6AQnELEê5AìEéÊE3AREHcEªREïé2AaÌREOdExREâèEÈØEEsEmEªEçtEåªE{è1
5.How did you go there?iAJèiɨ¯é@^á@«j
Sõªu@IÈèiÅvÆñB
@½¾APlÉÖµÄÍAe°Kâ̽ßÉoÌpX|[gðgÁÄüµAú{ÅAJµ½±Æª éAÆñB
6.Have you experienced gFlying Booking?hig]s×hÌo±j
o± 襥¥2lAo±Èµ¥¥¥21l
7.Have you done gDohanh?ig¯ºs×hÌo±j
@o± 襥¥15lAo±Èµ¥¥¥8l
@@¦¯ºÌRÉ¢ÄÍAo±ÒSõªuNuÌVXeÉ]íÈÄÍÈçÈ¢©çvÆñB
8.Have you had intercourse with your customers?iqÆÌ«IÖWÌL³j
@o± 襥¥2lAo±Èµ¥¥¥8l
@@¦«IÖWðÁ½±Æª éƦ½2l̤¿1lªAuNuI[i[Ìw¦Å©ªÌÓvɽµÄvÆñB
9.What problems have you had in the workplace?iEêÅÌâèj
EêÅÌâèÉ¢ÄÍAuNuÌVXeª«Â¢vâuz[VbNvð°½B
As to the last time you were inJapan
2.How many hours were you working per day/night?i1ú ½èÌJÔj
1ú ½èÌαÔiÔj | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 9 | 10 |
lilj | 1 | 16 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
@¦½¾ATÈÇÉZúÉ1`2ÔÌ·ª éƦ½²¸ÎÛÒར½B
3.How many days could you take off per month?i1 ½èÌxÉj
1 ½èÌxÉiúj | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
lilj | 1 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 4 |
4-1.Commission,BonusiLbNobNâ{[iXj
@ÊáAw¼Pñ ½è\200`\1000A¯º1ñi60ª`90ªj ½è\1000`\3000AhNobN1t ½è\200`\300ªåÈR~bVÅ èA½Nuª|Cg§ð±üµÄ¨èA{[iXâm}ÌîÆÈé|CgªÝè³êÄ¢éXÅÍA»Ì|CgɶÄ{[iXâyieBª¶·éB±ÌR~bVÆ{[iXÉq©çÌ`bvðÁ¦½à̪Ae²¸ÎÛÒÌz^ÈOÌoûüÆÈéB
4-2.Food AllowanceiHïj
1 ½èÌHïâi~j | 10000 | 12000 | 14000 | 15000 | 20000 | 22500 | 28000 |
lilj | 1 | 2 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
5.Was your salary paid monthly and directlyto you?i^Ìx¥¢`Ôj
z^ªA¼Úx¥íêĢ饥¥1l
ApX|[gÆàÉó`Åêx¥¢¥¥¥22l
6.Could you get the salary prescribed onthe contract?i^Æ_ñÆÌ®«j
_ñǨ襥¥9lA_ñÆÍÙÈé^¥¥¥14l
7.What was your residential type? Personsper room?iZ`Ôj
SõªAp[g»Ì¼ÌZżÌG^[eCi[Ƥ¯¶
1Z½èÌZlilj | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 15 |
lilj | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
8.Were there other Filipino women in yourwork place? How many?itBsl¯»j
oX ½èÌtBslG^[eCi[ilj | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 24 | 25 | 30 | 36 |
lilj | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
9.Were you sending money to thePhilippines? How much per month?iÆ°ÖÌàj
ÌÆ°ÖÌàzi½ÏA~j | \10000 | \20000 | \30000 | \50000 | \100000 | \120000 |
lilj | 1 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
àÌó¯æèlÍASÄÌñÒɨ¢Ä»Ì¼eâzôÒÅ Á½B
12.Did your agency(promotion) in the Philippines tell you not to do gDohanh before departure?iv[VÌg¯ºhÉÖ·éw±j
@tBsÌv[VªoOÉg¯ºhÌÖ~ɾyµ½Æ¢¤ñÒÍ2l
@¯ºÉ¢ÄÖ~µÈ¢AàµÍ¾yªÈ©Á½Æ¢¤ñÒÍ21l
@@¨½ÍuNuÌVXeÉ]¦vÆ¢¤àeÅ Á½Æ¢¤B
Post-Migration
1.What did you spend themoney earned in Japan for?iñVÌgrji¡ñj
grÚ | uÆ°Ìúpiv | uZí̳çïv | uÆv | uÔv | u©ªÌàÌv | uàv | urWlXàv |
ij | 23 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 11 | 3 |
¦Jnµ½rWlXÌàeÉ¢ÄÍATTXgAª2AX®ª1Å Á½B
2.Has the situation of yourfamily improved due to working here in Japan?i¶üPj
SõÌñÒªAư̶óµªüPµ½Æñµ½B
3.Have your parents quittheir job after your going to Japan?i¼eÌAJóµÌÏ»j
7lÌñÒɨ¢ÄA¢¸ê©Ìeªdðâß½B
4.If you have children, willyou recommend them to go to Japan as you did?
iqÇàÉG^[eCi[ƵÄÌdð··ßé©j
2lÌñÒªAu©ªÌqÉàG^[eCi[ƵÄú{És±Æð©ßévÆñµ½
5.Do you like Japan?iú{ªD«©j
SÄÌñÒªuú{ªD«vƦ½B
6.Bank Savingsiàzj
àzi~j | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 60 |
l | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
EtBsA}jÉ é @@@@@POEA(COJÙp¡)
EPOEAÌûÉÍAúACOoÒ¬Ì豫̽ßA½ÌlªÀÔB
E2004N9©çAG^[eCi[ÉηéVµ¢iتs³êéæ¤ÉÈèAeG^[eCi[ÌîñÍA·×ÄICãÉo^³êéæ¤ÉÈÁ½B
EPOEAEõÉæéG^[eCi[ÉηéÊÚB
E}jÉ éÆ év[VÅÌbXiB
EÈ©ÉÍQC_T[à¢éB
vñ
@ßãÈ~AtBsÌðjɨ¢ÄAÚ¯imigrationjÍA±ÆÌÅ«È¢L[[hÅ éBÁÉA1974NÌ}RX ºÉnÜÁ½ôƵÄÌJÒCOhôÍAJÒCOhð¯Ìå«ÈYÆɵã°AuqgðAo·étBsvƵÄÌC[Wðè
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@COoÒ¬JÒªAEíÉÍAîìmEÅìmðͶßAÆwâÝÖWÈǽòÉí½éªA»ÌÈ©ÅàÁÉ{¤ÅÍuG^[eCi[vÉ¢ÄA»Ì»óÆÛèÉ¢Äl@·éBuG^[eCi[vÍAuVK[vÆu_T[vÆ¢¤JeS[ɪ¯çêA»ÌÙÆñǪú{ÅAJ·éB½Íu»srUvðàÁÄú{Éü·éªArUÌ\¿É ½èA]©çtBs{@Öªs·é|\liؾªKvƳêÄ«½BàÉÍ1,000ð´¦éG^[eCi[{¬ª èAG^[eCi[ðß´·«½¿ªúéÌâxèÌbXðó¯éB
@G^[eCi[ƵÄAoÏåú{űÆÍAtBsàÅàlCª¢Bµ©µuG^[eCi[vÆ¢¦ÇàAú{Éü·êÎAåÉtBspuâV[NuÅ«A½ªÀ¿IÉuzXeXvƵÄAJ·éBÞ½¿ªA¢íäéu¶áÏä«vƵÄAtwÉߢC[WŨ¦çêÄ«½Rà»±É éB±Ìæ¤Èu¶áÏä«vª½ü·éæ¤ÉÈÁ½ÌÍ1980NãªÌ±ÆÅ éB»ÌãAú{ÌouoÏâA}È~ðwiÉA»ÌÍæɦA±Ì2003NÍNÔ8lÈãÌtBslG^[eCi[ªVKÉüµ½B±ÌNAú{{ªµ½»srUÌÍ133,103B»Ì¤¿tBslÉεÄÌà̪80,048ÆASÌÌUðèßéB¯NAtBslÌVKüÒª131,834lÅ é©çAtBslG^[eCi[üÒ̽³ªÛ§ÁÄ¢é±Æªí©éB
@YÆÅÞ½¿ÍAúäÌå«È \¢ÌÈ©ÉgÝÜêÄ¢éBé¤Eó¯üêé¤Ì»ê¼êÌÆÒðͶßANUâê{ÖWÒðફÞÈÇA½Ìlª»ÌvÉQªéåÅ¡GÈ\¢Å éBG^[eCi[ÍAÙ¤ÒAÙíêéÒÆ¢¤ãÒÒÌ_ÅA³Ü´ÜÈïæÌÎÛÉÈèâ·¢BשÈJððèß½úä{ÇÌKèªççêé±ÆÍÙÆñÇÈA«ð̺ũ³êA³çÉÍ«IÈïæÉN³êé믫à©ËÄ©çwE³êÄ«½B
@¡úA¢Eɨ¢ÄlgæøÌh~Íå«ÈÖSÅ éBú{àðNAulgæøÎôs®vævðôèµAOlÌs@AJÖÌÎô»âAlgæøðs¤u[J[Ìæè÷ÜèÌOêÈÇðÅ¿oµ½BÁÉNÔ8lªüµA½ªÀ¿IÉzXeXƵÄtBslG^[eCi[ÉεÄÍAuG^[eCi[ƵÄÌiª^íµA³Ü´ÜÈïæÉ ¤ë¯«ª évƵÄAu»srUvÌvðü³µAüR¸ðµi»µ½B@
@µ©µAtBslG^[eCi[ÍAPÈéglgæøÌíQÒhÆ¢¤¾¯ÅÍÈAÙÌnú{ÅAư̽ßɽܵµ½½©É¶«égêÆÌåhÆ¢¤¤Êà¿í¹Ä¢éB»±ÅAú伩çÌ¡IÈ_©ç±ÌâèÌ{¿ðTèA{ÌÛèÍÇ±É éÌ©ðl@·é½ßA2004N©ç2005NªÉ©¯ÄAú{nqo±Ì étBslG^[eCi[½¿ÉA}jżڷ«æ貸ðsÁ½B
@»±ÅÍAG^[eCi[ª»óâAG^[eCi[ðæèªúäÌåÅ¡GÈv\¢ª¾ç©ÉÈÁ½B»êçÌâèðAú伩çÌ¡áIÈ_©çl@µÄ¢
[1]ivIÈÚ¯ÆAoÒ¬ÉæéZúIÚZðA{_¶ÅÍ»ê¼êpermanent migrationÆtemporary migrationƵAoûí¹ÄÚ¯imigrationjƵĢéB
[2]gState and Non-StateActors in Philippines-Japanhp. 180.
[3] gJapayukisan:Filipinas at Risk,hFilipino Women Overseas Contract Workers:At What Cost?, pp. 40-41.
[4]tBs{ÌÖA@Öå±ÌJÒCOèoµô̱ÆB1974NÉJn³ê½B
[5]±±ÅÍCOoÒ¬JÒÌà`±ÆA»ê¼êÌEíÌûüzÉηéà`±ªèßçêA¯É±¥Kèàݯçê½B
[6] Lawrence A. Esguerra,CareerManual for Overseas Performing Artists, Manila: Philippine OverseasEntertainment Industry, 1994, p.11.
[7]COÙp¡BtBslÌCOoÒ¬ð£iE§ÀEÄ·éðð¿AoÒ¬JÒ½¿Ìðçé@ÖÅ éBtBsloÒ¬JÒÍASõª¯¡Éo^·é±Æª`±t¯çêÄ¢éBDOLEiJÙpÈjÉ®·éB
[8]Career Manual for OverseasPerforming Artists, p.1.
[9] Benjamin V. Carino, ed.,FilipinoWorkers on the Move: Trends, Dilemmas and Policy Options: PhilippineMigration Research Network, 1998, pp. 14-15.
[10]Filipino Workers on the Move,p. 16.±±ÅÌT[rXYÆÉÍAÆwÈÇÆJÉÖíéEíàÜÜêÄ¢éB
[11]Filipino Workers on the Move,p. 47.
[12] Dirtyi¢j, Dangerousië¯j, Demandingi«Â¢jÌÓ¡Bú{Ìg3KhÉεĢéB
[13]yÊ\?DzQÆB
[14]wÜÉçV·x2005N103ú©§B
wÜÉçV·xc1992Nn§ÌÝäú{lü¯MV·B}jÉÒWª èAutBsÅvÅÍAtBsàÌâèÉ¢ÄÆ©Ì_©çñ¹µÄ¢éB
[15] POEAÌu2003Nɨ¯éEnæÊOFWi¤ãJÒjhæÉÖ·évvÉæéByÊ\?EzQÆB
[16]tBsÌCOoÒ¬JÒiOFWjÉÍADõiSeamanjª½¢é½ßAPOEA̯vÅÍADõðCãJÒÉA»êÈOð¤ãJÒƵÄæʵĦµÄ¢éB
[17]yÊ\?EzQÆB
[18]±ÌÍðq·éÉ ½ÁÄÍA¨àÉLydia N. Yu Jose,gState and Non-State Actors inPhilippines-Japan,hPHILIPPINE STUDIES,:Ateneo de Manila University, vol.51, no.2, pp. 175-210.ðQƵ½B
[19] gJapayukisan:Filipinas at Risk,h p.42.
[20]Career Manual for OverseasPerforming Artists, p.1.
[21]HêÅ÷ÌJÉgíéj«OlJÒðu¶áÏä«ñvÆÄÔ±Æà éªA»ÌFmxÍáAu¶áÏä«vª·Èí¿ ¤ÉgíéAÆÉAWA©çÌ«OlJÒðw·±Æª½¢B
[22]gState and Non-StateActors in Philippines-Japan,hp.181.
[23] yÊ\?CzQÆB
[24]gState and Non-StateActors in Philippines-Japan,hp.191.
[25]gState and Non-StateActors in Philippines-Japan,hp.189.
[26]ú{î³ctÏõâèÏõïÒwtÏõâèðl¦éxi1983j11ÅB
[27] gJapayukisan:Filipinas at Risk,h p.42.
[28]RJNvw¶áÏ䫳ñxiîñZ^[oÅÇC1985j142ÅB
[29]tBs{̯¡ªiR¸ðs¢AG^[eCi[ÂlÉεÄs·éà̾ªAsJnÈ~A{@ÖÆÆEÆÌü ªâ¦¸A»Ì¼ÌAiFèÌßöA¯¡ÍíÉÏX³êÄ«½B»êð±±ÅÍÜÆßÄu|\liؾvÆ·éB
[30]v[^[Av_NVÆàÄÎêÄ¢éB
[31]|\liؾÌU¢âAtðv·éú{¤NuÖÌÓI´ùðw·B
[32]y}\?@zQÆB
[33]y}\?@zQÆB
[34] DOLE(JÙpÈ)ªèßéKChC̱ÆB
[35]ÍPECCJ[hÆÄÎê½B
[36]¤a@æ8239ÉîÃàÌB
[37]y}\?@zQÆB
[38]oÎOÉqÆï¢HÈÇð¤É·és×̱ÆB
[39]OlG^[eCi[ðÙp·éÛANu¤ªÙpÅ«élÍAXÌKÍâãzÉÖíç¸Aê¥15lÆ¢¤ãÀªèßçêÄ¢½B
[40]tBs{Zp³çEZ\JÇ̱ÆBJÙpÈÉ®·éB
[41]±Ìßðq·éÉ ½ÁÄÍA¨àÉCOÙp¡âv[VÖÌ·«æ貸ðàÆɵ½B
[42]tBs¤Ìv[VÍAOÍæ3ßÅq×½æ¤É^g{¬Ìðà¿A^gðoXÉ´ù·éú{Ìv[Viv[^[jÆððÙÉ·éªA±±ÅÍÖXãoûð¯¶uv[VvƵ½B
[43]@±ÈuoüÇyÑï¯Fè@æ7ðæ1æ2ÌîðèßéÈßvÌɾ¶»³êÄ¢éBæ3ÍQÆB
[44]Ùp_ñãÌAJæÆÍÊÌXÅAJ·éu]vs×BVsɨ¯éuZÝÖ¦vÉ ½éBXgbvêâthÉ]³êAtÌlgæøÉÂȪéP[Xª½AÖ¶çêÄ¢éB
[45]wÜÉçV·x2004N125ú©§B
[46] Trinidad S. Osteria,Filipino Female Labor Migration to Japan: EconomicCauses and Consequences. (De La Salle University Press, 1994)
[47] Development Action for Women Network@1996N}jÉݧ³ê½NGOBú{ÉAµ½³G^[eCi[ÌAãÌJEZO⩧¶vxðsÁÄ¢éB
[48] DAWN and Assumption College-Social Science Research Center,TheFilipino Women Entertainers/Performing Artists Working in Japan: Their Profileand Impact of their Absence on their Families. (1998)
[49] DAWNiDAWN-JapanójwtBs«G^[eCi[̲ƻÀxi¾ÎXC2005j41-42ÅB
[50]¯ã44-113ÅB
[51]¯ã44ÅB
[52]ò@wUEtBspuxiîñZ^[oÅÇC2001jB
[53] 2005N2»ÝAnqOÌG^[eCi[ÉÍ2úÔÌoOIGe[Vª`±Ã¯çêĨèA¯ÔÆEcÌâNGOªåõÄsÁÄ¢éBàeÍnqÌè©çïæÌ믫ƻêðh®ïÌIs®É¢½éÜÅL¢B
[54]tBsÌwZ§xÍA¬wZª6Ni`±³çjAZª4NAåwª4NÅ éB
[55]tBsANSO(NationalStatistics Office)Ì2003Nf[^B<http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/2003/fie03fr11.htm>
[56]OÅy\zy\jzQÆB
[57]ú{O±Èf[^B<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/philippines/data.html>
[58]}jñsAñ_ÆEíÌf[^BtBsJÙpÈÌf[^@<http://www.nwpc.dole.gov.ph/right.html>
[59]Ct¦iú{ÌO±Èf[^ÉæéjF98N9,8A99N6,7A00N4,4A01N6,0A02N3,1A03N3,1B
[60]wÇV·x2005N14ú©§B2005NÌf[^B
[61]COÙp¡ªèßéKChC̱ÆB
[62]y¿?BFEmployment ContractzQÆ
[63]y¿?BFEmployment ContractzQÆ
[64]ú{ÖßÄnq·éG^[eCi[̱ÆB
[65]}l[W[ðî³È¢Ùp_ñÉàÆÃàÌB^ÍÈéªA©ª©gÅÌubLOðæçËÎÈç¸At[T[ðÚw·ÒÍAú{ÅÔðDÁijܴÜÈNuÉcÆÉsB
[66]tBsÌ`IȬKÍGÝXBtBsÌåss©çRÔÆnÜÅ çä鬺ũçêéB½¾AXÜKÍÍ1`½û[gÌ1ºÉ·¬¸AocKÍðgåµÈ¢ÌªêÊIÅ éB
[67]Filipino Entertainers inJapan. An Introduction, pp.87-89.
[68]Filipino Entertainers inJapan. An Introduction, p. 80.¯ÉæêÎAÅÌpanaloÍú{lj«Æ¥µ½ÒÅ éÆ¢¤B
[69]±Ìßðq·éÉ ½ÁÄÍA¨àÉ@±ÈüÇÇÌÖAweby[W<http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/zinsin/>âAàt¯[ÌÖAweby[W<http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/jinsin/kettei/041207keikaku.html>ðQƵ½B
[70]É éulgæøs®vævÌqQÆB
[71]w¤¯ÊMx2004N1124úÌñ¹ÉæéB
[72]àt¯[ÌÖAweby[W<http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/jinsin/kettei/041207keikaku.html>QÆB
[73]lgæøÎôs®væÉÖ·éO±ÈÖAweby[W
<http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/jinshin/kodok_koshi.html>QÆB
[74]àt¯[ÌÖAweby[W<http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/jinsin/kettei/041207keikaku.html>QÆB
[75]wÜÉçV·x2004N915ú©§B
[76]½¾A±Ì@±ÈßÌi1jÌðÍA@±Èߪū½©ç¶ÝµÄ¢½àÌÅÍÈAÀÍ1996NÉV½ÉÇÁ³ê½àÌÅ éB±êÜÅÉq׽ƨèAüÇÇÍ1995N¨æÑ1996NÉAú{SÌgtBspuhÌêIJ¸ðs¢AsK³ÈiO®Ì¡sÉεÄAüR¸Ìµi»ðsÁ½BG^[eCi[Ì媪ÀãzXeXƵĢĢ½À©çAuG^[eCi[vƵÄÌið¾m»·é½ßA@±ÈßÉV½Éi1jÌððݯAG^[eCi[ÂXlÉ|\liؾÌÛð`±Ã¯½ÌÅ Á½B
[77]w¤¯ÊMx2004N1124úñ¹ÉæéB
[78]2004NPOEASÒÖÌ·«æèâA©úV·E}jV·Ìñ¹ðSÉB
[79]Inquire,(Manila), Dec 22, 2004.
[80]MÒÉæéPOEASÒÖÌ·«æ貸ÉæéB
[81]wÜÉçV·x2004N1217ú©§B
[82]wÜÉçV·x2004N125ú©§B
[83]±ÌÍåƵÄS|AiSOl|\lÆÒA¦cïjÖÌdbÉæé·«æ貸âA@±ÈÖAweby[WðQlɵ½
[84]MÒÌdbÉæé·«æ貸ÉæéB
[85]@±ÈÖAweby[W<http://www.moj.go.jp/PUBLIC/NYUKAN18/result_nyukan18.html>QÆB
[86]@±ÈÖAweby[W<http://www.moj.go.jp/PUBLIC/NYUKAN18/result_nyukan18.html>QÆB
[87]MÒÌdbÉæé·«æ貸ÉæéB
[88]æ3ÍÅøpµ½@±Èßð¶QÆB
[89]wÜÉçV·x2005N920ú©§B
[90]wÜÉçV·x2005N921ú©§B
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