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Organization:Alexa Crawls

Starting in 1996,Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive. Flowing in every day, these data are added to theWayback Machine after an embargo period.

Collection:Alexa Crawls

Starting in 1996,Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive. Flowing in every day, these data are added to theWayback Machine after an embargo period.

TIMESTAMPS

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20110601040921/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg:80/1998/1948/

The Palestinian yearning to return has been represented as a quixotic gesture, an impossible dream, in the face of Israel's efforts to obliterate the past and to massage history to make it serve Israeli interests. Yet for Salman Abu Sitta, a Palestinian, in exile, the true picture of the past must be preserved if it is to come to the aid of the present; the painstaking reconstruction of what happened in 1948 and since must be undertaken to ensure that the aspirations of the defeated live on, despite the brute facts of their exile and dispossession

Israeli policy since 1948 has, explicitly or implicitly, been designed to force the Palestinians into exile. Sometimes this has taken the form of war, sometimes of measures designed to make daily life for the Arab population as difficult as possible. Its single aim, however, has always been Palestinian "sociocide", writesSaleh Abdel-Jawad

There can be no erasing of the historical truth that the existence of Israel is predicated, indeed imposed upon, the obliteration of another society and people. Every Israeli knows this, as much as every Palestinian does: the question, writes Edward Said, is how long can an intolerable situation of proximity and injury be endured by the victims, and how long can it be deferred by the victors?

An eyewitness account of the days preceeding the eruption of the war in Palestine. ByAhmad Hussein, leader ofMisr al-Fattah, fromal-Ahram, January 2, 1948.

Nagi El-Ali was one of the most prominent cartoonists in the Arab world. Sarcastic, poignant and perhaps too bold, El Ali's cartoons were drawn from his experience as a Palestinian refugee since childhood and clearly reflected his political stance, which was often critical of the Arab regimes.
The following extracts are drawn from an interview withRadwa Ashour, novelist and professor of English literature at Ain Shams University, during the summer of 1984 in Budapest.. It was published in the periodical Al Muwagaha in 1985, only two years before El-Ali was assassinated in London in 1987 at the age of 50

This extract is taken from a memoirMahmoud Darwish wrote during the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. In it, he remembs his first encounter with Beirut in 1948, before his family stole back into what has since become Israel, where Darwish remained until 1972

Edward Said returns home 45 years after the Naqba to find his family's house in Jerusalem occupied by a right-wing Christian fundamentalist and militantly pro-Zionist group.

In these extracts from his controversial memoir,"Death March",Father Audeh Rantisi remembers the horrific scenes that confronted him, aged 11, when his family were brutally deported from their home of many generations to make what life they could for themselves in the refugee camps of Ramallah

In this extract from his recent book, Abdel Wahab El-Messeri reflects on the many mutations of anti-semitism in the Western mindset, and interrogates one of the strangest transformations in the history of the 20th century -- how, as death approached, the Jews in the Nazi camps became "muslims"

Azmi Bishara, member of the Israeli Knesset, reviews the manner in which the contradictions inherent in the position of Israeli-Arabs as supposed citizens of a democratic state are rationalised

Mona Anis recovers the wider Arab context from the pages ofAl-Ahram

Web review: The Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre web site provides an insight into the past and present of Palestinian cuture

Salim Tamari tours Jaffa, the town of his birth, accompanied by a young Arab woman resident, negotiating a path between the place of his memories and the city that is her home

Samia Abdennour recalls the diaspora of her family 50 years ago, its impact on her as a child and, later, as a mother

To those who still remember him, today, his name is synonymous with the bitter taste of defeat: of hope deferred, then disappointed. But he was a hero, then, write Mona Anis andOmayma Abdel-Latif: the man who would liberate Palestine

Battles bewteen Arab guerrilla troops and the Haganah, aided by the Zionist gangs, intensified during the month of March. Five Arab villages around Jaffa, Tibyris and Safd were attacked and razed to the ground during that month, while a bomb, which killed 11 and left other 27 seriously injured, was planted in the Arab quarter in Haifa on March 3. Leader of the Arab volunteer guerrillas, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, entered Palestine on March 7, and during the month the Arab resistance also intensified --read on--

Some have the mistaken belief that guerrilla warfare, or war carried out by irregulars, is tantamount to anarchy. The experience of the Moslem Brothers, however, in Palestine may shed some light on how complimentary guerrilla warfare is to war by regular armies. It must be remembered, however, that Guerrilla warfare cannot be carried out except by men who firmly believe in the justice of the cause they are fighting for. To insure optimum results, those men must be highly trained and in possession of a high degree of intelligence, as they confront in their fight various difficult situations.

Book review:The Muslim Brotherhood in the Palestine War, Kamel Ismail El-Sherif, 1949, Cairo, 265 pages

In these excerpts from his diares,Khalil Al-Sakakini records the conditions of life in Jerusalem in March 1948, and gathers reports of a great Arab victory when a Jewish convoy returning to Jerusalem was ambushed and destroyed

Edward Said, returning to Palestine for a BBC documentary to be shown in England to coincide with Israel's 50th anniversary, finds the once small, compact city -- Jerusalem -- in which he grew up overwhelmed by continuing, unrelenting Judaisation

On the one hand, "calamity" on the other, "liberation". How can two contradictory narratives be reconciled in a common destiny? Hassan Khader investigates the semiotic sleights-of-hand which serve to obscure the historic responsibilities -- and to obstruct the creation of a future. Hasan Khader deals with Palestinian & Israeli narratives of the Nakba, exploring the relationship between the past & the present, and the shifting concepts of numerical majorities & minorities as they are dealt with in these narratives.

Few survived the massacre of Deir Yassin 50 years ago, and of them, even fewer are alive today to recount its horrors.Amira Howeidy reviews the carnage through their words

When Abdel-Qader Al-Husseini fell at Al-Kastel, his death seemed to mark the beginning of the end for the Arabs in Palestine. Some historians even claim that had the Arabs not lost this battle, there might be no Jewish state today.Omayma Abdel-Latif reflects on the career of a great warrior

Where the village of Deir Yassin once stood there is now a mental hospital, originally established to care for Holocost survivors.Nidal Rafa, a Palestinian citizen of the state of Israel, ventured into the follies of the past capturing these photos.

An Israeli television series has provoked widespread controversy after it recognised the fact that Palestinians were deliberately expelled from their land in order to create the Zionist state.Graham Usherreports from Jerusalem

Fifty years after Deir Yassin, and in the midst of a dying peace process, the Zionists of America are denying historic facts so as to continue to deny justice to the Palestinians, writesJames Zoghby

On 18 April the first Arab town-- Tiberias-- fell to the hands of the Haganah. Four days later Haifa's Palestinian population had to flee under the Haganah's combined shelling and ground offensives.Amira Howeidy recounts the story the Palestinian exodusBy Amira Howeidy

At first it seemed that the Zionists' assault on Jaffa could not succeed. But, asIbrahim Abu Lughod, then a student in his final year of high school, recalls, the Palestinian population was soon forced to realise that the enemy had got the upper hand

Abdel-Qader Yassin, veteran Palestinian political activist, recounts his last sight of Jaffa in 1948

By Anis Sayigh

By Ghassan Kanafani

By Emile Habibi

Edward Said:

In the United States, celebrations of Israel's fifty years as a state have tried to project an image of the country that went out of fashion since the Palestinian Intifada (1987-92): a pioneering state, full of hope and promise for the survivors of the Nazi Holocaust, a haven of enlightened liberalism in a sea of Arab fanaticism and reaction.--read on--

How does Israel defend its interests abroad? In the first of an occasional series,Peter Snowdon in Paris calls round for a cup of coffee and a chat with the young Zionists of the Betar-Tagar

It was a great 50th birthday party for Israel in France, writesHosni Abdel-Rahim, where anti-Zionism is now tantamount to anti-Semitism

This supplement attempts to capture, in word and pictures, the mood of the Arab world on the eve of the first Arab Israeli War, document events leading to the war and highlight the main stations of a struggle that will not end so long as Israel continues to pursue its dreams of conquest and destruction

When the League of Arab States came into existence on 22 March, 1945, there were only seven independent nations to join: Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. All the Arab League state members, however, had for decades been languishing under British and French colonialism, accorded a degree of autonomy inadequate to allow them to function as modern states.--read on--

In the first of a series of interviews with senior politicians and political analysts who lived through the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, who covered the war from the battlefield, talks toAmira Howeidy andOmayma Abdel-Latif about the genesis and development of a struggle that still rages 50 years later

Main events leading to the first Arab-Israeli War
January 1947 - 15 May, 1948

Edward El-Said:

'Yes, we want peace with the Palestinians, but no, there was nothing wrong with what we had to do in l948': this seems to be the gist of much of the writing of Israel's new historians.Edward Said, back from a Paris seminar on the topic, discusses the profound contradiction, bordering on schizophrenia, which makes the new historians reluctant to draw the inevitable conclusions from their own evidence

In this essay on state and society in Israel, 50 years after its founding,Tikva Honig-Parnass traces the roots of the new populist authoritarianism emerging under Netanyahu. Based on the marriage of Zionist colonialism and aggressive clericalism, the new regime is the logical expression of the Zionist project

Thomas Gorguissian reports from Washington on the "hate campaign" led by pro-Israeli groups to prevent the American public from hearing a different voice

Land or an education: this choice was at the beginning of it all. Then the Zionists moved in on Palestine, and the war was on: a war in which the scales were tipped from the start. On one side, a powerful, organised and well-equipped colonial army. On the other, uneducated peasants, a corrupt king, and a divided leadership. Haidar Abdel-Shafi talks toMona Anis about guerrilla warfare, the rabbi's daughter and the orders that never came

Despite immense sacrifices, and extraodinary cases of heroism, all the efforts of Palestinians and the Arab armies were in vain. But why? Kamal Al-Sherif, speaking toAmira Howeidy, recounts his experiences in 1948, his feelings on the ground, as an active participant in the struggle, and in retrospect, as a supporter of ongoing Palestinian resistance.

A few resilient settlers heroically facing the massed forces of all the Arab countries that surrounded and threatened to swallow them. The official Israeli version of the 1948 War, carved, by now, on tablets of stone, could hardly be further from the truth.

Fifty years to the day that the first UN sponsored cease-fire, mediated by Count Bernadotte -- a Swedish aristocrat subsequently assassinated by a Jewish gang -- came into effect, Mona Anis assesses the situation on the ground between the combatants after just 26 days of fighting.

On paper, though, the Arab forces may well have appeared to have the upper hand. But they were overstretched. Their supplies of arms were exhausted, and they had no access to more. The Jewish forces, on the other hand, were determined and had the support to use the truce to reinforce their positions, to re-arm, recruit and train yet more soldiers for an arena in which they had never ceased to outnumber their Arab opponents by a ratio of two to one
By Mona Anis

Arab historical writing may have successfully exploded the founding myths of Zionism. But, writesMaher Al-Sherif, it still follows an agenda set by the conquerors

In the first of a two-part series on the lessons for the Palestinian struggle to be drawn from black liberation struggles in the US and South Africa,Elaine C. Hagopian explains why identifying Israel as an apartheid regime will not be enough to set international public opinion against the Zionist project

Are there lessons to be learned for the post-Oslo struggle from the Black liberation movement in the United States? Drawing on the work of two prominent Afro-American political theorists,Elaine C. Hagopian argues that only a reunited Palestinian people with an inclusive democratic secular state vision and leaders who can transcend ethnicity will help the Palestinians break out of the straightjacket of the peace process

As the prospect of a viable independent state in the West Bank and Gaza recedes,As'ad Ghanem argues that only a binational state can ever hope to meet the needs of the whole Palestinian people

A stalemate preserving the status quo was the inevitable outcome of the Oslo process, writesNaseer Aruri

The name of Ahmed Abdel-Aziz, for many Egyptian schoolchildren today, is associated principally with a large street in Mohandessin. But everyone knows he was a hero. Why? The war against Israel, the battle of Al-Faluja, the dusty, violent confusion of the 1948 War, when everything was not yet lost... These things hold the key. A man with a family and a brilliant career -- an ordinary man. 23 August 1948: Dead. A hero.

Salah Salem was at the wheel that dark night -- the night Ahmed Abdel-Aziz was tragically struck down by "friendly fire". In 1953, he wrote his recollection of the hero's death inAl-Tahrir magazine

Remembering little, but aware of his father's legendary status, the son of Palestine war hero Ahmed Abdel-Aziz talks toAmira Howeidy about his father's legacy

The last entry in Ahmed Abdel-Aziz's diary

Down the long roads of exile, memory becomes a nation peopled by the ghosts of fear, sacrifice, loss and generosity.Faysal Hourani remembers 1948, and the long flight into Gaza

Why should one of England's leading playwrights choose to write, and then perform, a dramatic monologue on the Arab-Israeli conflict? Sir David Hare speaks toAleks Sierz about the reasons behind the choice of subject of his latest play

Revered by Muslims, Christians and Jews, this beautiful city is holy and cursed, drowned in blood yet still magnificent. Last year, the Arab ministers of information designated 26 September as Jerusalem Day.Rashid Khalidi unravels modern myths and ancient passions in his search to locate the united heart of this torn and worshiped place

In reply to a recent article inAl-Ahram Weekly by Fawzi Mansour,Shiko Behar speaks out on behalf of the "uncommon sense" of the Middle East's own Jews

Those Are My Brothers:

Ostracised by Israeli society and repeatedly threatened with death at the hands of her own people, Felicia Langer has not flinched since the day in 1967 she adopted the Palestinian cause as her own.Faiza Rady met her in Jerusalem

A Harvard University report based on a simulated negotiation exercise denies the Palestinian right of return and demands that Arab governments compensate Arab Jews for emigrating to Palestine.Salman Abu-Sitta deconstructs the dry run

Edward Said sees hope in such examples of dogged determination and resistance as are offered by Bir Zeit University

For three decades Gabriel Baramki was vice-president of Bir Zeit University. Now he plays a leading role in raising international awareness about the dispossession of the Palestinians but, asMariz Tadros found out, his conversations often lead him back to "our house"

Paradoxically, the fruit of Oslo will perhaps be that the Palestinian struggle for justice will "return to the source," writesNorman G Finkelstein

Palestinian refugees in Lebanon continue to suffer twice: for their expulsion from their homeland, and from the inhuman conditions in which they live. In this anniversary year of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,Rosemary Sayigh argues, we must challenge Israel's absolute refusal to repatriate the Palestinian diaspora -- the condition on which it was admitted to the UN 50 years ago

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