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Working Group on Extrasolar Planets
Defintion of a "Planet"
POSITION STATEMENT ON THE DEFINITION OF A "PLANET"
WORKING GROUP ON EXTRASOLAR PLANETS (WGESP)OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION
Created: February 28, 2001Last Modified: February 28, 2003Rather than try to construct a detailed definition of a planet whichis designed to cover all future possibilities, the WGESP has agreedto restrict itself to developing a working definition applicable tothe cases where there already are claimed detections, e.g., the radialvelocity surveys of companions to (mostly) solar-type stars, and theimaging surveys for free-floating objects in young star clusters. Asnew claims are made in the future, the WGESP will weigh their individualmerits and circumstances, and will try to fit the new objects into theWGESP definition of a "planet", revising this definition as necessary.This is a gradualist approach with an evolving definition, guided bythe observations that will decide all in the end.
Emphasizing again that this is only a working definition, subject to changeas we learn more about the census of low-mass companions, the WGESPhas agreed to the following statements:
1) Objects with true masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclearfusion of deuterium (currently calculated to be 13 Jupiter masses forobjects of solar metallicity) that orbit stars or stellar remnants are"planets" (no matter how they formed). The minimum mass/size requiredfor an extrasolar object to be considered a planet should be the same asthat used in our Solar System.
2) Substellar objects with true masses above the limiting mass forthermonuclear fusion of deuterium are "brown dwarfs", no matter how theyformed nor where they are located.
3) Free-floating objects in young star clusters with masses below thelimiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are not "planets",but are "sub-brown dwarfs" (or whatever name is most appropriate).
These statements are a compromise between definitions based purely onthe deuterium-burning mass or on the formation mechanism, and as such donot fully satisfy anyone on the WGESP. However, the WGESP agrees thatthese statements constitute the basis for a reasonable workingdefinition of a "planet" at this time. We can expect this definition toevolve as our knowledge improves.
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