| Символ | Приклади | Опис |
|---|
| A |
|---|
| [a](прослухатиⓘ) | Modern RP cat, GermanMann, Frenchgare | The RP vowel is often transcribed with⟨æ⟩ for historical reasons. For many English speakers, the first part of theow sound incow. |
| [ä](прослухатиⓘ) | Mandarin 他tā, American Englishfather, Spanishcasa, Frenchpatte | |
| [ɐ](прослухатиⓘ) | RPcut, GermanKaiserslautern | (In transcriptions of English,[ɐ] is usually written⟨ʌ⟩.) |
| [ɑ](прослухатиⓘ) | RPfather, Frenchpâte, Dutchbad | |
| [ɑ̃](прослухатиⓘ) | FrenchCaen,sans,temps | Nasalized[ɑ]. |
| [ɒ](прослухатиⓘ) | Canadian Englishlot, Persianفارسی /fârsi | Like[ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded. |
| [ʌ](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishcut | Like[ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When⟨ʌ⟩ is used for English, it may really be[ɐ] or[ɜ].) |
| [æ](прослухатиⓘ) | GAcat | |
| B |
|---|
| [b](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishbabble | |
| [ɓ](прослухатиⓘ) | Swahilibwana | Like a[b] said with a gulp. Seeimplosive consonants. |
| [β](прослухатиⓘ) | SpanishlaBamba, Kinyarwandaabana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠]mugunghwa | Like[b], but with the lips not quite closed. |
| [ʙ](прослухатиⓘ) | Niassimbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" | Sputtering. |
| C |
|---|
| [c](прослухатиⓘ) | Turkishkebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greekκαι "and" | Between Englishtune (RP) andcute. Sometimes used instead for[tʃ] in languages like Hindi. |
| [ç](прослухатиⓘ) | GermanIch | More of a [j]-coloration (more palatal) than[x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound inhuge. This sound can be produced by whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!". |
| [ɕ](прослухатиⓘ) | Mandarin 西安Xi'an, Polishściana | More [j]-like than[ʃ]; something like Englishshe. |
| [ɔ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underO | |
| D |
|---|
| [d](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishdad | |
| [ɗ](прослухатиⓘ) | SwahiliDodoma | Like[d] said with a gulp. |
| [ɖ](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishharder | Like[d] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| [ð](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishthe, bathe | |
| [dz](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishadds, Italianzero | |
| [dʒ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishjudge | |
| [dʑ](прослухатиⓘ) | Polishniedźwiedź "bear" | Like[dʒ], but with more of a [j]-sound. |
| [ɖʐ](прослухатиⓘ) | Polishdżem "jam" | Like[dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| E |
|---|
| [e](прослухатиⓘ) | Scottish Englishday, Australian Englishbet, Spanishfe; Frenchclé, GermanKlee | Similar to American Englishhey, before the y sets in. |
| [ɘ](прослухатиⓘ) | Australian Englishbird | |
| [ə](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishabove, Hindi अब[əb](ab) "now" | |
| [ɚ](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishrunner | |
| [ɛ](прослухатиⓘ) | British, Irish, North American Englishbet, New Zealand Englishbat | |
| [ɛ̃](прослухатиⓘ) | FrenchSaint-Étienne,vin,main | Nasalized[ɛ]. |
| [ɜ](прослухатиⓘ) | RPbird (long) | |
| [ɝ](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishbird | |
| F |
|---|
| [f](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishfun | |
| [ɟ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underJ | |
| [ʄ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underJ | |
| G |
|---|
| [ɡ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishgag | (Should look like . Not different from a Latin "g") |
| [ɠ](прослухатиⓘ) | SwahiliUganda | Like[ɡ] said with a gulp. |
| [ɢ](прослухатиⓘ) | | Like[ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found inPersian and some Arabic dialects for/q/, as inMuammar Gaddafi. |
| [ʒ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underZ | Englishbeige. |
| H |
|---|
| [h](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishhouse | |
| [ɦ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishahead, when said quickly. | |
| [ʰ] | | The extra puff of air in Englishtop[tʰɒp] compared tostop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish[t]. |
| [ħ](прослухатиⓘ) | Arabic مُحَمَّدMuḥammad | Far down in the throat, like[h], but stronger. |
| [ʜ](прослухатиⓘ) | Iraqi Arabicحَي [ʜaj] "alive" | Corresponds to /ħ/ (ح) in Standard Arabic. |
| [ɥ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underY | |
| [ɮ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underL | |
| I |
|---|
| [i](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishsea, Frenchville, SpanishValladolid | |
| [ɪ](прослухатиⓘ) | British, Irish, North American Englishsit, New Zealand Englishset | |
| [ɨ](прослухатиⓘ) | Russian ты "you" | Often used for unstressed Englishroses. |
| J |
|---|
| [j](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishyes, hallelujah, GermanJunge | |
| [ʲ] | In RussianЛенин[ˈlʲenʲɪn] | Indicates a sound is more [j]-like. |
| [ʝ](прослухатиⓘ) | Spanishcayo (some dialects) | Like[j], but stronger. |
| [ɟ](прослухатиⓘ) | Turkishgör "see", Czechdíra "hole" | Between Englishdew (RP) andargue. Sometimes used instead for[dʒ] in languages like Hindi. |
| [ʄ](прослухатиⓘ) | Swahilijambo | Like[ɟ] said with a gulp. |
| K |
|---|
| [k](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishkick,skip | |
| L |
|---|
| [l](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishleaf | |
| [ɫ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishwool Russian малый[ˈmɑɫɨj] "small" | "Dark" el. |
| [ɬ](прослухатиⓘ) | Welshllwyd[ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zuluhlala[ɬaːla] "sit" | By touching the roof of mouth with the tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found inWelsh placenames likeLlangollen andLlanelli andNelson Mandela's Xhosa nameRolihlahla. |
| [ɭ](прослухатиⓘ) | | Like[l] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| [ɺ] | | A flapped[l], like[l] and[ɾ] said together. |
| [ɮ](прослухатиⓘ) | Zuludla "eat" | Rather like[l] and[ʒ], or[l] and[ð], said together. |
| [ʟ](прослухатиⓘ) | | |
| M |
|---|
| [m](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishmime | |
| [ɱ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishsymphony | Like[m], but the lips touch the teeth as they do in[f]. |
| [ɯ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underW | |
| [ʍ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underW | |
| N |
|---|
| [n](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishnun | |
| [ŋ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishsing, Māoringa | |
| [ɲ](прослухатиⓘ) | SpanishPeña, Frenchchampagne | Rather like Englishcanyon (/nj/ said quickly). |
| [ɳ](прослухатиⓘ) | Hindi वरुण[ʋəruɳ]Varuna | Like[n] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| [ɴ](прослухатиⓘ) | Castilian SpanishDon Juan[doɴˈχwan] | Like[ŋ], but further back, in the throat. |
| O |
|---|
| [o](прослухатиⓘ) | Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand Englishcaught (long) Spanishno, Frencheau, GermanBoden | Somewhat reminiscent of American Englishno. The RP vowel is usually transcribed with⟨ɔː⟩ for historical reasons. |
| [ɔ](прослухатиⓘ) | Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand Englishcot GermanOldenburg, FrenchGaronne | The RP vowel is usually transcribed with⟨ɒ⟩ for historical reasons. |
| [ɔ̃](прослухатиⓘ) | FrenchLyon,son | Nasalized[ɔ]. |
| [ø](прослухатиⓘ) | New Zealand Englishnurse, Frenchfeu,bœufs, GermanGoethe | Like[e], but with the lips rounded like[o]. |
| [ɵ](прослухатиⓘ) | Modern RPfoot, Dutchhut, Frenchje, Swedishdum | Halfway between[o] and[ø]. Similar to[ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front. The RP vowel is typically transcribed with⟨ʊ⟩, the Dutch vowel is often transcribed with⟨ʏ⟩ or⟨œ⟩, whereas the French vowel is typically transcribed with⟨ə⟩. |
| [œ](прослухатиⓘ) | Frenchbœuf,seul, GermanGöttingen | Like[ɛ], but with the lips rounded like[ɔ]. |
| [œ̃](прослухатиⓘ) | Frenchbrun,parfum | Nasalized[œ]. |
| [ɶ](прослухатиⓘ) | | |
| [θ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underOthers | |
| [ɸ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underOthers | |
| P |
|---|
| [p](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishpip | |
| Q |
|---|
| [q](прослухатиⓘ) | Arabic قُرْآنQur’ān | Like[k], but further back, in the throat. |
| R |
|---|
| [r](прослухатиⓘ) | Spanishperro, Scottish Englishborrow | "Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English[ɹ], when there's no ambiguity.) |
| [ɾ](прослухатиⓘ) | Spanishpero, Tagalogdaliri, Malaykabar, American Englishkitty/kiddie | Like a “rolled R”, except the tongue flaps only once. |
| [ʀ](прослухатиⓘ) | Dutchrood and Germanrot (some speakers) | A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French. |
| [ɽ](прослухатиⓘ) | Urdu ساڑی[saːɽiː] "saree" | Like flapped[ɾ], but with the tongue curled back. |
| [ɹ](прослухатиⓘ) | most accents of Englishborrow | |
| [ɻ](прослухатиⓘ) | Tamil புழுPuḻu "Worm", Mandarin 人民日报RénmínRìbào "People's Daily", American Englishborrow, butter | Like[ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers. |
| [ʁ](прослухатиⓘ) | FrenchParis, GermanRiemann (some dialects) | Said back in the throat, but not trilled. |
| S |
|---|
| [s](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishsass | |
| [ʃ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishshoe | |
| [ʂ](прослухатиⓘ) | Mandarin 少林(Shàolín), Russian Пушкин(Pushkin) | Acoustically similar to[ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
|
| T |
|---|
| [t](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishtot, stop | |
| [ʈ](прослухатиⓘ) | Hindi टमाटर[ʈəmaːʈəɾ](ṭamāṭar) "tomato" | Like[t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| [ts](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishcats, Russianцарьtsar | |
| [tʃ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishchurch | |
| [tɕ](прослухатиⓘ) | Mandarin 北京 Běijīng (listenⓘ), Polishciebie "you" | Like[tʃ], but with more of a [j]-sound. |
| [tʂ](прослухатиⓘ) | Mandarin 真正zhēnzhèng, Polishczas | Like[tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| U |
|---|
| [u](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishfood, Frenchvous "you", GermanSchumacher | |
| [ʊ](прослухатиⓘ) | American Englishfoot, GermanBundesrepublik | |
| [ʉ](прослухатиⓘ) | Modern RP, Australian Englishfood (long) | Like[ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for[u]. |
| [ʋ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underV |
| [ɥ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underY | |
| [ɯ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underW | |
| V |
|---|
| [v](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishverve | |
| [ʋ](прослухатиⓘ) | Hindi वरुण[ʋəɾʊɳə] "Varuna" | Between[v] and[w]. Used by some Germans and Russians forv/w, and by some speakers of British English forr. |
| [ɤ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underY | |
| [ɣ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underY | |
| [ʌ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underA | |
| W |
|---|
| [w](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishwow | |
| [ʷ] | | Indicates a sound has lip rounding, as in Englishrain |
| [ʍ](прослухатиⓘ) | what (some dialects) | like[h] and[w] said together |
| [ɯ](прослухатиⓘ) | Turkishkayık "caïque",Scottish Gaelicgaol | Like[u], but with the lips flat; something like[ʊ]. |
| [ɰ](прослухатиⓘ) | Spanishagua | Like [w], but with the lips flat. |
| X |
|---|
| [x](прослухатиⓘ) | Scottish Englishloch, GermanBach, Russianхлеб[xlʲep] "bread", Spanishjoven | between[k] and[h] |
| [χ](прослухатиⓘ) | northern Standard DutchScheveningen, Castilian SpanishDonJuan[doɴˈχwan] | Like[x], but further back, in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have[χ] for[x]. |
| Y |
|---|
| [y](прослухатиⓘ) | Frenchrue, GermanBülow | Like[i], but with the lips rounded as for[u]. |
| [ʏ](прослухатиⓘ) | Scottish Englishfoot, GermanDüsseldorf | Like[ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for[ʊ]. |
| [ɣ](прослухатиⓘ) | Arabic غَالِيghālī and Swahilighali "expensive", Spanishsuegro | Sounds rather like French[ʁ] or between[ɡ] and[h]. |
| [ɤ](прослухатиⓘ) | Mandarin 河南Hénán,Scottish Gaelictaigh | Like[o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of[ʊ] and[ʌ]. |
| [ʎ](прослухатиⓘ) | Italiantagliatelle, Portuguesemulher | Like[l], but more [j]-like. Rather like Englishvolume. |
| [ɥ](прослухатиⓘ) | Frenchlui | Like[j] and[w] said together. |
| Z |
|---|
| [z](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishzoo | |
| [ʒ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishvision, Frenchjournal | |
| [ʑ](прослухатиⓘ) | old-styled Russian позже[ˈpoʑːe] "later", Polishźle | More [j]-like than[ʒ], something likebeigey. |
| [ʐ](прослухатиⓘ) | Russianжир "fat" | Like[ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
| [ɮ](прослухатиⓘ) | see underL | |
| Інше |
|---|
| [θ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishthigh, bath | |
| [ɸ](прослухатиⓘ) | Japanese 富士[ɸɯdʑi]Fuji, Māori[ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː]wharenui | Like[p], but with the lips not quite touching |
| [ʔ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishuh-oh, Hawai‘i, Germandie Angst | The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found inbutton[ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words:Deus ex machina[ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɪnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, ina apple[əˈʔæpl̩]. |
| [ʕ](прослухатиⓘ) | Arabic عَرَبِيّʻarabī /ʕarabī "Arabic" | A light, voiced sound deep in the throat, articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx (back of the throat). |
| [ǀ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishtsk-tsk! ortut-tut!, Zuluicici "earring" | (The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including[kǀ],[ɡǀ],[ŋǀ]. The Zimbabwean MPNcube has this click in his name, as didCetshwayo. |
| [ǁ](прослухатиⓘ) | Englishtchick! tchick!, Zuluixoxo "frog" | (The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including[kǁ],[ɡǁ],[ŋǁ]. Found in the name of theXhosa. |
| [ǃ](прослухатиⓘ) | Zuluiqaqa "polecat" | (The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including[kǃ],[ɡǃ],[ŋǃ]. |
| [ʘ](прослухатиⓘ) | ǂ’Amkoeʘoa "two" | Like a kissing sound. |
| [ǂ](прослухатиⓘ) | Khoekhoeǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth" | Like an imitation of a chewing sound. |