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28 September 2016Patent landscape for royalty-free video coding

Cliff Reader¹

¹Reader, LLC (United States)

Proceedings Volume 9971, Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX; 99711B (2016)https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239493
Event:SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2016, San Diego, California, United States

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Abstract

Digital video coding is over 60 years old and the first major video coding standard – H.261 – is over 25 years old, yettoday there are more patents than ever related to, or evaluated as essential to video coding standards. This paperexamines the historical development of video coding standards, from the perspective of when the significantcontributions for video coding technology were made, what performance can be attributed to those contributions andwhen original patents were filed for those contributions. These patents have now expired, so the main video coding tools,which provide the significant majority of coding performance, are now royalty-free. The deployment of video codingtools in a standard involves several related developments. The tools themselves have evolved over time to become moreadaptive, taking advantage of the increased complexity afforded by advances in semiconductor technology. In mostcases, the improvement in performance for any given tool has been incremental, although significant improvement hasoccurred in aggregate across all tools. The adaptivity must be mirrored by the encoder and decoder, and advances havebeen made in reducing the overhead of signaling adaptive modes and parameters. Efficient syntax has been developed toprovide such signaling. Furthermore, efficient ways of implementing the tools with limited precision, simplemathematical operators have been developed. Correspondingly, categories of patents related to video coding can bedefined. Without discussing active patents, this paper provides the timeline of the developments of video coding and laysout the landscape of patents related to video coding. This provides a foundation on which royalty free video codecdesign can take place.

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Cliff Reader"Patent landscape for royalty-free video coding", Proc. SPIE 9971, Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIX, 99711B (28 September 2016);https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239493

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