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Tzetzes, Ad Lycophronem

§ i  These explanations of Lycophron's deliberately obscure allusions are, even when misguided, a rich source of otherwise lost mythic versions. Variant names are not necessarily to be trusted. The many repetitions reflect parallel comments in various manuscripts, and also glosses to Lycophron drawn from lexica compiled in late antiquity. A few repetitions have been deleted for readability. More should have been.

§ intro.1  ON LYCOPHRON'S COMMENTARY BY ISAAC THE GRAMMARIAN TZETZES.
This work of the song-basherLycophron, was previously a blank book, its sights invisible. But now, through the craft ofHermes,Isaac Tzetzes has made it visible, untying the well-tangled knots.

§ intro.5  Those intending to begin the study of poetic books should first understand the differences among poets, and then plunge into their works, knowing what kind of poets' books they are dealing with. The term "poet," used without specification, is a general term divisible into several categories: the poetpar excellence, referred to without further specification, the lyric poet, the dithyrambic poet, the iambic poet, the tragic, the satiric, the comic, the elegiac poet, the epigrammatic (and anathematic) poet, the hymnodist, the song-writer (also called the singer), the epithalamium writer, the monodist, and countless others which are too many and tiresome to mention, even though I have precise knowledge of them. I will discuss the distinguishing features and characteristics of the aforementioned poets.

§ intro.15  Now, the four distinguishing features of those who are called preeminent poets are these: the use of the heroic meter, allegorical myth, ancient history, and a grand style of speech, without which they would be called epic poets. Five famous poets have arisen:Homer,Hesiod,Panyassis,Antimachus, andPeisander. As for the newer poets, there are as many “as leaves and flowers come into bloom in season”. These are the distinguishing features of those called preeminent poets, while the characteristics of lyric poets are their songs sung to the lyre and the presence of a standing chorus of fifty men arranged in a circle, who also received abull as a gift. This is also common to the dithyrambic poets. But the dithyrambic poets had something more in their favor compared to the lyric poets. They composed intricate hymns dedicated toDionysus and received tripods as a reward, hence they were called "dithyrambs" afterDionysus who passed through two doors, from the womb ofSemele and the thigh ofZeus. The famous lyric poets were ten:Stesichorus,Bacchylides,Ibycus,Anacreon,Pindar,Simonides,Alcman,Alcaeus,Sappho, andCorinna. The famous dithyrambic poet wasPhiloxenus ofCythera. The dithyrambic dance in a circle was first established inCorinth byArion ofMethymna, then secondly byLassus ofHermione, son of Chaurinus.

§ intro.41  The distinguishing characteristic of iambic poets is that they use invective through iambs or another kind of meter sarcastically. Famous iambic poets wereAnanias,Archilochus, andHipponax. For tragic, satyr, and comic poets, the commonality is to have the chorus set up in a square formation and to partake in new wine, either grape juice or wine, and to have their plays spoken and performed mimetically on the stage. The difference between them was that comedy was filled with laughter and jest, and had fifty dancers, while tragedy and satyr plays both had twelve dancers, but they differed from each other, in that tragedy contains only laments and lamentations, whereas the satyr play blends cheerfulness with the dirges and stops the tears leading to joy. In this regard, comedy and tragedy also differ because tragedy undoes life, whereas comedy puts it together. And it was called comedy perhaps because it was found during the time of festivity (koma), that is, during sleep, or because it was in the komai, namely in the back-alleys of the city, or because it was in the komai, that is in very large villages, or because it was found in the komai and places ofDionysus. As for tragedy, it gets its name from the "tragon"goat or "triga" that is, new wine or from the grape-must "triga" with which the faces of the actors were anointed originally; or because they stood in a tetragonal manner, it was called tetragodia or because they have rough (tracheia) songs, hence trachodia and tragoedia. The "satyr drama" comes from the satyrs who found it or the farmers and low-class people. The famous tragic poets areAeschylus,Sophocles,Euripides,Arion,Thespis,Phrynichus,Ion,Achaius and many other young ones. The active comic poets are, for example,Aristophanes,Cratinus,Plato,Eupolis,Pherecrates and others, young ones likeMenander,Philemon,Philistion and many more, the satirical one isPratinas.

§ intro.69  So much for tragic, satyr and comic poets, elegiac poets are known for having composed laments and wailings in elegiac meter primarily for the deceased, but also in a different meter. Poets of elegies includeCallimachus,Mimnermus,Philitas. The characteristics of epigram writers and of those who write dedicatory inscriptions include the practice of writing inscriptions on statues and on the dedicatory offerings in the temples, and on other such things, asHomer did in the given case of this bowl from the sons of theMedes, which he dedicated toApollo atDelphi, inscribing it thus, 'LordPhoebus, receiving this gift,Homer gave it to you for joyous occasions, may you grant me glorious renown' (Cert. Hes. 260 R).

§ intro.83  Epigrammatists include the ancientSimonides, whomHerodotus mentions, the youngerAlcaeus, who lived during the time ofVespasian andTitus ofRome,Athenaeus,Proclus,Palladas,Agathias, and countless others. Hymn-writing poets, those who write hymns to the gods, include the ancientOrpheus,Homer,Hesiod,Asclepiades, and others.Orpheus writes, apart from the astrological, the incantational, the magical, and other such things, hymns toZeus and the rest thus, 'Zeus was first born,Zeus the last, the lightning-bearer,Zeus the head,Zeus the middle, fromZeus all things are made.' (Orph. fr. 46). AndHomer, 'I will remember, nor will I forget, far-shootingApollo' (h. Ap. II 1). And the rest likewise, lest I be long-winded; for I am not ignorant of their works and those of many others.

§ intro.95  Signs of lyric poets and singers include the writing of songs and odes to music and lyre and barbiton and kithara and every musical instrument that is played, such as the poets, asDemetrius ofPhalerum writes,Automedes, andDemodocus and Lairis [orChairis] theCorcyreans, andPhemius theIthacan and the rest, whom thePhalerean writes; for I am not ignorant myself. Poets who write epithalamiums, those who wrote praises for the bridegrooms in weddings, such asAgamestor thePharsalian and others andHesiod himself, writing an epithalamium forPeleus andThetis, 'Thrice blessed, son ofAeacus, and four times fortunatePeleus, who ascend the sacred bed in these halls' (Hes. fr. 81 7). They call Monodists those poets who write funeral odes in a single character, and by extension, those who narrate the entire plot in a single character, asLycophron does now in thisAlexandra; for he presents the servant alone narrating the entire plot. For elsewhere, thisLycophron is a tragic poet, having written 24 or 26 tragic dramas. But since we have examined and accurately stated things about the poets, it is fitting to speak also about this monodistLycophron.

§ genus  The lineage ofLycophron. ThisLycophron was by birth aChalcidian, the son of Socles orLycus the historian, according to some. He was one of thePleiades, poets who were called so because they were seven like thePleiades; their names wereTheocritus, who wrote the bucolic poems,Aratus, who wrote thePhaenomena and other works,Nicander ofColophon orApollonius, who wrote theArgonautica,Philicus,Homer the Young Tragic Poet — for there is anotherHomer, whom I consider contemporary withHesiod, even if they attribute the works of the oldHomer to him —Andromachus ofByzantium, who wrote 27 dramas, and thisLycophron, and others who, not knowing any others, say they were of thePleiades. These men lived in the times ofPtolemy Philadelphus andBerenice, who were both children ofPtolemy son ofLagus andBerenice, the daughter ofAntigonus. At that time,Lycophron was not so much renowned for his poetry as for his anagrams, such as saying thatPtolemy is derived from honey, and thatArsinoe is the violet ofHera, and other such things similar to these. ThisLycophron, to please the young men who loved reading, published this present book, which is full of histories; for he writes about everything fromHercules and theAlexander ofMacedon and even later, and at the end of the book he goes back and briefly mentions the abduction ofIo by thePhoenicians, from which the war between the barbarians and the Greeks broke out.

§ hypo1  The plot is as follows:Priam, the son ofLaomedon andLeucippe, byHecuba, the daughter ofDymas orCisseus, has twin children,Cassandra, also known asAlexandra, andHelenus, whom they brought to the temple ofThymbraeanHeliosApollo, and they celebrated their birthdays there. After feasting and reveling all day in the temple, they returned to the city and the palace in the evening, leaving the children in the temple, according to some out of forgetfulness, but according to me, intentionally, as they were accustomed to do this to see what kind of people the children would turn out to be. So,Priam and his people did this with the aforementioned children. The next day, when they went to the temple, they found twosnakes coiled around the children and cleaning their sense organs, but not harming them.Apollo, being a prophet and seer, in the aforementioned sanctuary ofHelios, said that the children would become seers, and he taught them the art of prophecy as they grew. He promisedCassandra that if she would be with him, he would make her the best seer. But when she refused to do this, that prophetApollo proclaimed thatCassandra is not a seer, but raves and speaks like a madwoman. Therefore, her father confined her in a rocky dwelling, so that she would not seem to theTrojans to be mad and be ridiculed. He ordered a "wheel" or messenger standing there and listening to her to report to him.

§ hypo50  This messenger, alone and in person, tellsPriam in detail everything thatCassandra has said, telling him: I will tell you,Priam, truthfully about everything thatCassandra has said, as much as I myself remember and my memory has not slipped. Or thus: I will tell you everything,Priam, about what you ask, from the very first word thatCassandra began to speak, until the end. But if the story becomes long or if my speech becomes long, do not be weary of listening and become angry because of this, but forgive or be patient with me speaking at length, becauseCassandra did not open her mouth quietly as she did at first, but now she has opened it, newly made, varied, but bringing forth a great cry from her mouth, mixed about things that have happened and things that are about to happen, she brought forth from her prophetic lips. From all these things thatCassandra has said, listen to and learn what I have in my soul and will remember, O king, and turning these things over in your mind, follow the difficult words ofCassandra's prophecies, investigating where the true and clear path leads you by its tracks; for she said many things, not being quiet.

§ hypo72  And indeed, you listen, and I begin to speak: The day was already beginning to dawn fromOceanus, and the sailors withAlexander, having loosened the land-ties and having drawn up the anchors and having spread the sails, were beating the sea with their oars, and they were sailing there, a northern wind blowing, from theCalydnian islands, which areTrojan islands. ButCassandra, from her high rocky chamber, begins to lament the things concerningTroy in this way.

§ hypo78  But these things have been sufficiently said, let us also speak about the title: why was the present poem titled "Lycophron'sAlexandra"? To distinguish it from the rest ofLycophron's writings; for I have said that he composed 64 or 65 tragic dramas.Cassandra is said to be derived from the word 'kasin' meaning 'manly' and 'Hector' is written in Aeolic with two 's'.Alexandra either comes from 'alyxai' meaning 'to ward off' and 'to escape' the company of men, or from 'alexein' meaning 'to help' and 'to assist' men or people through her prophecies. These things are also trivial, but they must be written for some fools who are puzzled by such nonsense. Why is he calledLycophron? Because he speaks in riddles and cunningly; forwolves (lykos) are cunning.

§ hypoth.1  It is known that the servant accompanyingCassandra was thisLycophron,Priam's secretary, who was ordered byPriam to listen to what was said toCassandra; forCassandra wasPriam's daughter.Cassandra, who prophesied the truth and was disbelieved due toApollo's wrath, was assigned a servant by her father to listen to her prophecies, so that he could write them down and report them to him. The poem contains prophecies and the history fromHeracles to the beginning of theRomans, with various other histories intertwined. It should be understood that, according to the external hypothesis,Priam asked the messenger about whatCassandra was saying, and he narrated everything from the beginning.Priam seems to be predicting. The story is as follows:Apollo, in love withCassandra, pursued her. She, being caught by him, asked him to give her the gift of prophecy, promising marriage; but when the god offered her marriage, she deceived him, which is why the angry god did not take away the gift of prophecy, as it was a divine gift, but made her disbelieved when she prophesied the truth and considered as mad.

§ 1  "I will tell you what you ask me": there are three types of elision, simple and four compound; simple are elision, blending, and contraction, compound are elision and blending, elision and contraction, blending and contraction, elision, blending, and contraction. Simple elision is like "not so, not so", blending is like "I did, I will do" and contraction is like "child, child", compound are like elision and blending as "I too, I too", elision and contraction as "I'm not in pain", blending and contraction as "the shepherd" instead of "the shepherd", elision, blending, and contraction as "then and then" and "the shepherds" instead of "the shepherds". "I will tell": this figure and the poetic style is a paraphrase, because what is not shown above, is shown paraphrased from the existing writing. For example,Priam does not appear to be asking here, but from the "I will tell" you it is clear that he asked before. This style, as I said, and the figure is called paraphrase. Those who try to obelize the prologue seem to me to have ignored the poetic styles. "Everything": what everything? These things that I remember hearing fromCassandra. "Truly" truly from the 'ne' negative particle and the tremble I fear; for those who tell the truth do not fear condemnation as those who lie. "I will tell everything": this is given in three ways; I will tell you truly, OPriam, what you ask me ... either then the dissolution of the elision must be thus† "but tell or what you ask me" what you did not even know to ask "or what you ask me" asPriam asked before according to the silence asAristophanes "if I am notPrometheus, I lie in everything else" (fr. 624 Dind.). "What you ask me": "what you ask me" is said in three ways. The "me" is antithesis instead of to me. And the poets lighten the long vowels and 'i' and 'n' and other such two letters as "how soft" (Hes. Θ 3) instead of how. It is composed, as I said, in three ways "what you ask me" either you ask, "or what you do not ask" by elision or it must be marked to "truly" and from another beginning say "but tell" either asking and hearing learn. The servant is the one who calculates forPriam. The prologue is thrown out by some; forPriam does not appear to be asking anything.

§ 2  "Let it be lengthened"; let it be long, and in Ionic let it be lengthened, and it will squeeze out the 'r' in Aeolic let it be lengthened.

§ 3  "Quiet girl" the quietest; for silence is fitting for women, not only for virgins, asSophocles says "Woman, silence brings adornment to women" (Ai. 293). ? Otherwise. These things are twofold; either thus "for the girl is not quiet" and you punctuate here or thus "for the girl is not quiet; for not being quiet before" she "unleashed her mouth" of the varied "oracles". ss 5 Otherwise. These things are twofold; either thus "for the girl is not quiet" and you punctuate here or thus "for the girl is not quiet, she unleashed" either she stopped from the "oracles the versatile mouth as before". "Quiet" is a misuse instead of quietly and cheerfully. cf. 6 16 "Versatile" because of the erudition of the oracles or because of the riddles as if speaking enigmatically like theSphinx.

§ 4  "She unleashed oracles"; the following .... "She unleashed the versatile mouth of oracles"; for she prophesied many things. Or thus; "for" by nature "the quiet girl", but being prevented by the prophecies from being quiet, she "unleashed as before the versatile mouth". "Versatile" because of the multitude of oracles. Or varied because she was a prophetess and a musician. "Versatile" the varied from the oldAeolus being versatile as theDaedalus from the statue-makerDaedalus "versatile" but "mouth" he said because of the variety and turn of her oracles.Homer uses "versatile" for the fastest as in "Hector of the gleaming helmet", but this one for the varied. "Mouth" from the cutting of the food.

§ 5  "Infinite" unfulfilled, much. Eg. (EM 156 51). "Infinite" much, unattended, from the verb to follow or to partake, which one cannot partake and understand or which one cannot follow because of the multitude of things said. "She poured"; the expression is figurative and metaphorical, from the pouring of waters.

§ 6  "Eating laurel leaves"; seers are accustomed to eating laurel leaves. "Eating laurel leaves" is a form of divination or "eating laurel leaves" or of seers or diviners from their throats. They mock that the seers, eating laurel leaves, prophesied so that the god, delighted by the sight and smell, would give them divine prophecies. But the story will make it clear to us:Ladon, the river inArcadia, having mingled withEarth, fathered a child namedDaphne, very beautiful in appearance.Apollo, having fallen in love with her, pursued her. She, about to be caught, prayed to her motherEarth, who, opening up, received her.Earth, to consoleApollo, gave him a plant named after the girl, which is also called laurel. It is evergreen and never withers, since the girl remained untouched byApollo.Apollo, having woven a wreath from the leaves of the plant, crowned himself because of his love for the girl of the same name. Hence, the crowns in the temple ofApollo were made of laurel. Hence, they mock that the seers also ate laurel for the joy ofApollo. And these are the ridiculous and mythical things, but the truth is this: the oracles and seers, wearing laurel wreaths, as the plant is evergreen and wards off evil, thus speak the oracles to those who need them, and receiving something from them, and thus being nourished, were put into the myth that they eat laurel, either from being crowned with laurel and speaking the oracles, they have their nourishment. "To prophesy" means to divine. "He prophesied" fromPhoebusApollo.

§ 7  "Of the darkSphinx" because of the murders or the riddles. ThisSphinx was the daughter ofLaius, having the appearance of alion in front, and a human in the back. Appearing to the locals, she spoke such a riddle: theSphinx is said to have the appearance of alion in front, a human in the back, the wings of a griffin, the claws of aneagle, and such monsters. But the truth is this: she was a bandit around Moabe, a region ofThebes and thePhician mountain, and she killed those who passed by. Whoever could solve her riddle, she would set free. It is also superfluous and excessive to speak the riddle as it is clear to all: if someone wants to learn it not knowing, it is this: "There is a two-footed and four-footed creature on earth, of which there is one form, and three-footed; but it changes its nature only, as many as creep on the earth and fly in the air and in the sea. But when it walks with the most feet, then its speed is slowest in its limbs." To which they answered that this riddle signifies a human; for when a child is born, it walks on all fours, growing up it walks on two feet, and growing old on three, because it walks with a stick. They indeed mythologized her as a lioness because of the murderousness, havingeagle's claws because of the rapacity, and griffin's wings because those who were robbing with her ran around quickly and killed the travelers. ThisSphinx was killed byOedipus, who came with others as if needing to rob her, and having put her body on a mule, he brought it down toThebes and showed it to theThebans, and he received the kingdom as a gift and his mother as a wife, unknowingly.

§ 7bis  Of the 'black' one, which is nameless and dark due to the riddles. He comparesCassandra to theSphinx because her prophecies are enigmatic. 5 They say theSphinx is the daughter ofLaius.

§ 8  "Assa" and "atta" instead of "hatina" are two parts of speech that are roughened, and "atta" instead of "tina" they say (EM 167 35) that it is simplified. But to me, this also seems to be roughened, and "atta" instead of "tropheu" I say is simplified. "Thymo" from the sacrifice of blood, thymos and thumos.

§ 9  "Klyois" instead of "kluthi" inAttic, the optative instead of the imperative. "Onax" instead of "anax" is sharpened inDoric; for theDorians turn the 'a' into 'o' greatly, saying "onthropon" for "anthropon" and the like. So also "anax" becomes "onax". But if it is anAttic contraction instead of "o anax", it is drawn out because of the 'o' of the vocative. It also has a small acute accent of "anax" and into the 'n' a simple one of the crushed 'a'. It is properly to measure by the number of e as the ancients did. To send properly is to measure according to e e, but now "pempazon" instead of "analogizomenos" lies and the voice isAeolian. To send back metaphorically is to measure and calculate. Eust. Il. I 112 1. "With a dense mind" very wise "go" go, go through; the word is metaphorical instead of "understand"; "difficult to speak" difficult, terrible "of riddles"; he calls the oracles ofCassandra "riddles"; "winding paths" exploring roads. And here metaphorically he says "paths" and roads are the impulse ofCassandra's words "or songs"; for a path is a road, a song is a song.

§ 11  "Where there is an easy path"; he very rhetorically kept the turn and as if on a road he says "path" and "guide" the investigation and learning ofCassandra's words.

§ 12  "On the right path". For this, he says, is the path that finds what is in darkness and unseen. "Easy path" a well-known road "on the right path" with a straightforward journey "guides in the dark" reveals and clarifies the terrible and difficult to understand. But "guides" was transferred from the hunters. For thedogs follow the tracks of the beasts in the hunts. Some, however, read it as an imperative. That is, wherever there is an easy path or road that leads you clearly.

§ 13  "Having split the myrtle" he said antistrophically; for he had to say "I, having split the top of the valve's myrtle" instead of having torn. He has moved to another turn, considering and equestrian contests and says "I" but the "top" that is the first "valve" the starting gate the barrier "having split" and opened through the "myrtle" that is rope I ascend to the "exits" and roads of the oblique sayings ofCassandra.

§ 14  "I go up obliquely" that is, I ascend and begin to speak the oblique oracles of this prophecy. This figure of speech is rhetorical, and it is called proanaphonema, promise, preparation, establishment, attention, and prologue; for it announces, promises, and prepares that it will write the narrative of the poem in an oblique, enigmatic, and difficult manner. For this reason, it intends to imitateCassandra, as she spoke obliquely and crookedly. For the orator and poet must imitate the characters of the persons proposed, and not be unrefined likeEuripides, who sometimes introduces barbarian women philosophizing, slaves contradicting their masters harshly, and kings begging with baskets or cloaks, which would not happen; for who would not be ashamed of a king holding a basket and seeking bread after the overthrow of his kingdom? Or who, seeing his former fortune, would not honor him again even in this state?Euripides, indeed, says many such things, and therefore he is blamed in these matters as not preserving the character of the characters. The greater thing is that he often says things contrary to himself.

§ 15  "Having struck the first sting" the "first sting" and exit and beginning and the prologue "having struck" applauding, that is, starting to run with the words as winged and fast "runner". Sting is called the starting point and the beginning of the race from the sting, I arouse and wound; for in the starting point of thehorse races, the bystanders spur thehorses with iron goads, so that they might jump out more sharply from the blow, but the footmen they spur with words and exhort and they themselves alone spur themselves into the race. And so the starting point is called a sting; but the turning post is called a sting from the nod, I will nod, having nodded and a sting; for they nod around the turning post and bend. Now the beginning. Or the turning post and the starting point from where the runners are released.

§ 16  "It was dawn"; it was day, he says, whenAlexander sailed away from the lands ofTroy and immediately, saysCassandra, began to speak. Here begins the narrative and he says:Day indeed already was flying over Phegion Mountain of the Ocean, being carried by thePegasushorse, leaving your brotherTithonus aroundKerne, which is an island of the Ocean. Dawn signifies four things: the time from morning until lunch and the whole day, the day and night, and more generally the very name ofDawn andDay, which the mythographers said was a bodily goddess as in "Dawn from the bed" (Iliad 1) and the distance from sunrise to midday of the sun as in "while it was dawn and the sacred day grew" (Iliad 8 66) and the interval of night and day as in "this is the twelfth dawn for me, since I came toIlium" (Iliad 21 80). But Fig Mountain is a mountain around the Ocean having oaks or oak trees. Fig Mountain — a mountain that had many oaks. Eust. Il. 141 33 but the fig is the oak from the fig; for before the discovery of bread, people ate acorns and tree-tops instead of fruit. "Peak" (pagos) but a cape.

§ 17  "The swift is strong when it flies high and breathes into the head. "Overpowered" means "surpassed". "On the wings ofPegasus";Homer speaks of thehorses ofDay,Lampus andPhaethon (ψ 246), but this one says he is carried byPegasus. "On the wings ofPegasus" is a periphrasis forPegasus.Homer, writing wisely and allegorically, speaks of thehorses ofDay asLampus andPhaethon, but the young ones introduce her mythically as being carried byPegasus, just likeLycophron. ThisPegasus, the mythicalhorse, is said to have been born in this way:Perseus, sent to theGorgons by the command ofAthena, bypassed the immortalStheno andEuryale, but beheadedMedusa. From her neck sprang thisPegasus, a wingedhorse, andChrysaor, a man wielding a golden sword.Bellerophon, aCorinthian also called Hipponous, a man fromPhrygia, unwillingly killed someCorinthian named Belleros or else his own brotherHeliades orPeirene orAlcimenes, and went toArgos to be purified byProetus.Anteia, also calledStheneboea, the wife ofProetus, fell passionately in love withBellerophon. When he refused to sleep with her, she slandered him toProetus, claiming he had tried to seduce her.Proetus did not want to kill him with his own hands, according to an old custom that forbade those who had eaten together from killing each other, unless it happened unintentionally. For this reason,Proetus did not want to killBellerophon, but sent him toLycia to his father-in-lawIobates, giving him a letter containingAnteia's slander.Iobates likewise entertained him for nine days, and on the tenth day, after reading the letter and finding that he too could not kill him because they had eaten together, he ordered him to go and fight theChimera, then the Solymi, then theAmazons. The gods sent him a wingedhorse, which they callPegasus, and riding on it, he killed theChimera by attaching lead to his spear and thrusting it into her fire-breathing mouth, where the heat melted the lead and killed her. For he had been warned by someone to beware of theChimera's fire, asLysias the orator says (fr.r. 101) In a mythical manner. Thus, he killed her, and the Solymi and theAmazons in war. On his return, he was about to be killed in an ambush by theLycians. But when he also killed those who ambushed him,Iobates made him his son-in-law, giving him his daughterPhilonoe, and on his death, left him his kingdom.Bellerophon, they say, elated by his successes, wanted to patrol the sky onPegasus. ButZeus, by sending a gadfly to this horse, persuadedBellerophon to fall off his back and threw him to the ground. So,Bellerophon, having fallen around theAleian plain and wandering blind from the fall,Pegasus was patrolling above and below.Day, therefore, asks this fromZeus, so that, by holding on to him, she may walk her daily cycle. These are the ridiculous and mythical things.Homer, however, says that thehorses ofDay areLampus andPhaethon. Thehorse ofDay is the swift movement of the sky, by which it shines and appears. And these are the Homeric things; but we must speak aboutPerseus andPegasus and theGorgons.Perseus is the sun and the swift movement of the sky, andAthena is the air and the fumigation that moves the sky; for it is moved by fumigations.Perseus is said to be from the excessively shaking and rushing. This airy fumigation sends him to theGorgons, that is, the sea and the system of the wet things calledGorgons because of their stupefaction. For the stupefying thing is aGorgon. But it sends him to killMedusa, the most subtle substance, as if it were equal to her. For the whole sea is airy, and its subtlest part changes into air. So,Perseus, or the sun, thus moved by the heavenly motion, does not kill or change or animateStheno andEuryale, that is, the powerful and long sea stretched out, as if it were immortal, as if it could not be changed, but he only killsMedusa as if she were mortal, striking her with the sword, that is, the most royal and sharp movement, he makes it subtle and animates it. From her beheading,Chrysaor andPegasus rush from her neck; for when the sun and the air are animated, the head, as I said, and the subtlest and most atmospheric part, it happens that the heavier part, being carried up again, flows down and pours out, which they also callPegasus because of the downward tendency — for the irrational things are downward — and the subtlest part changes into the more ethereal and even into the fiery part, which they have also calledChrysaor. Therefore, with thisPegasus rising from the water, carried by the movement of the sky and the solar animation,Day, holding on to it, is carried up with it; for the sky is spherical and moves from the east to the west, carrying the sun with it, of which, when the sun is spun into the hemisphere under the earth, it becomes night, but from the sun running from under the sea and the earth into the upper hemisphere, from where it also draws up the said vapors ofPegasus, it makes day. Thus, to usTzetzes, these myths seem to hold thatDay is carried by thisPegasus, not byBellerophon's. And that one was not ahorse - for there is no place where one will find a wingedhorse - but boarding a ship whose oars happen to be wings,Pegasus is the name, as if through the gushing waters, he destroys the three-headed and fieryChimera, which is allegorically spoken of: forChimera was a woman, the daughter of Amisodarus, ruling over the region ofLycia. She had two brothers, Lion and Dragon, who held the invasions ofLycia and also killed those who came by. Therefore, because of their unity, they called these a three-headed beast, and because of their warlike and active nature, fiery-breathing.Bellerophon, having defeated them, throws lead into their mouths, that is, a bridle of slavery. Before, the Lion was waging war, the Dragon from behind, and in the middle wasChimera, being weaker than them. Or else, we should understandChimera differently, asHomer implies, the Solymi, a warlike tribe, whom he compares to alion because they fight bravely face to face, and theAmazons, whom he compares to agoat or a chimera because they climb cliffs likegoats and live on cliffs, and the ambush of theLycians against him, which he called asnake because of its secrecy. "With the wings ofPegasus": instead of saying that the day rose from the hemisphere under the earth and water with the sun from the parts of the eastern Ocean, he said "with the wings ofPegasus". And the fall ofBellerophon fromPegasus from the sky is this: having been exalted by his heroic deeds, which he accomplished with that ship, he seemed to be a demigod and thought higher than the ether. But when his fate, whichHomer callsZeus, blew against him, suddenly that fortunate, victorious man appeared most unfortunate: for he threw away his children and, as if he had become blind, mourning over the desolation ofLycia, he spent his life, which was called Aleian from his wandering and wandering. Or, having lost his mind and blinded his intellect, he spent his life wandering: for according toEpicharmus, the mind sees, the mind hears, the rest is blind.

§ 18  "Tithonus in the bedchamber": According to the myth and history,Tithonus was the half-brother ofPriam. "Tithonus" is the son ofRhoeo, the daughter ofScamander, whilePriam is fromLeucippe.Priam was the son ofLeucippe, andTithonus was the son ofRhoeo orStrymo, the daughter ofScamander, both of them were sons ofLaomedon. They say that thisTithonus was the husband ofHemera (Day), from whom she boreMemnon andEmathion. Having madeTithonus immortal, she forgot to make him ageless. When he grew so old that he was turned around in a cloak and cradle like a baby, she transformed him into a cicada. And for this reason, they say thatHemera left him in the bedchamber. These things have been said more mythically, but allegorically they should be interpreted as follows: thisTithonus, having married the day and the dawn, had the aforementioned children, and he became so old that he was worn out by old age, sitting in a cloak. They mythologized thatHemera, that is, the balance of the morning parts, took him as a husband and made him immortal, orHemera and the light loved him, because he had become very old, as I said. Hence, they say he was transformed into a cicada. For cicadas, likesnakes, shed their old age. These things have been allegorically interpreted rhetorically; but physically it should be said:Eos is the morning state, andTithonus is the state of the day, when they set out the goods and the workers go to their jobs. Hence, he is the man ofHemera, because the manly and laborious things happen in it, not as in the night the feminine and restful things. Thus, as I said, the day isTithonus, or rather that state of the day, when the goods are set out and the markets are established. He mythically calledTithonus the brother ofPriam, wanting to charm the young with stories and myths alone. "In the bedchamber" means in the beds; in the Ionic way, the 'a' was turned into 'η' and the prefixed remains. "Kerne":Kerne is an Oceanic island, from where the sun seems to rise.Kerne is an island around the Ocean at the eastern end, whereTithonus sleeps withEos; below is the Phaegion, where thehorsePegasus is harnessed byHemera, about to cross the earth. The poet presents thishorse as winged (Hes. Th. 284).

§ 19  "The double-measure" was said. "Being" the ropes from thesheep I carry, knowing and in the manner of the double-time into double-time and being in the Ionic way. Or the ones from the carrying of a plant or willow; for they used to make ropes from willow before the discovery of hemp. ? "Grone" of a hollow rock from the "gro" the dry and the shake or from the "tro" the bore, trone and grone.

§ 20  "Being" the ropes with which the ship is carried, as if carrying something from the "I will carry" intending to indicate the "I will bring". For they are carrying things. "Grone" the hollow and eaten or the bored rock. "The grone" being a bored rock and as the ancients say, a certain trone. Eust. Od. I 210 30 (cf. cod. V EM l. l.) from the "tro" the bore or from the "gro" the eat. ib. II 39 11 "Chermados" of rocks. 6 and grone and chermas rock, in which the ropes of the ship are tied to the shore. Chermas primarily the small rock, which someone can knead with their hand and grasp, but now abusively called the large seaside rock of the harbor, against which they tie the ropes of the ships. "Eugalena" the things making the ship calm when it is being tossed, whenever it is tied and stabilized with the anchors.

§ 21  "Sailors were loosening"; the sailors, he says, were loosening the ropes that provide calm from the bored rock. 6 "They were loosening" they were loosening in the manner of the double-time into double-time as the "byblos" biblos AphrodyteAphrodite tetraduon tetradion and the like. "And from the earth they were tearing" instead of they were releasing; these are idioms of theChalcedonians. Choerob. sch. II 64 30 H. The word isEuboean int. lin. Coisl. 345. "From the earth they were tearing" they were pulling up the anchors from the earth; for when they are about to sail, they pull these up from the earth; but the "they were tearing" is said from the "schazo" the open and the cut the making the passage. It isChalcidian or of theAttic dialect.

§ 22  "Hysplex and hystrichis primarily means a whip made frompig bristles, but can be used improperly for any whip orox-goad. Now he refers to the anchors. The iron is called hysplex byLycophron, the iron of the ship. Of the starting point. "The maiden-slaying" up to "the bald maidens" is arranged in order according to the order of the 'a' and 'b' and the rest of the elements. He speaks of the sea around theHellespont. They tell a myth aboutHelle that maidens were sacrificed to her. "Maiden-slaying";Athamas, the son ofAeolus, the son ofHellen, was king ofThebes, marriedIno, the daughter ofCadmus, and had two sons,Clearchus, who some callLearchus, andPalaemon, also known asMelicertes. But byHera's command, he sent awayIno and marriedNephele and had two children from her,Hellen andPhrixus. But when he secretly mingled withIno,Nephele, spying on him, left.Ino, however, regained control of the house and plotted againstNephele's children, and finding some device, she parched the grain so that it would not sprout. And indeed, because of the great barrenness in the land, theAthenians sent sacred officials toPytho, andIno suggested to the seers to say some oracle againstPhrixus toAthamas, that because of him the grain and the rest of the crops would not grow, because one ofNephele's children needed to be sacrificed to the gods. So whenAthamas learned the oracle from the emissaries and was forced, he sent forPhrixus from the fields, wanting to sacrifice him, but as a pretext, he ordered him to bring the most beautifulsheep in the flock for a sacrifice. It is said that whenPhrixus arrived with his sister, at the appearance of some demon, the ram spoke in a human voice and announced to him the whole plot and ordered him to sit on its back with his sister, so that they could escape the impending danger. Others say thatNephele snatched upPhrixus andHelle and, receiving a golden-fleeced ram fromHermes, gave it to them, and as they were carried through the air with great force, it happened thatHelle, unable to hold on, fell into the sea below and was drowned, and this strait was named after her, theHellespont; hence he called the sea "maiden-slayingThetis".Phryxus then went to theColchians and there sacrificed the ram toPhyxianZeus. The skin was nailed byAeetes in the grove ofAres around an oak tree.Phryxus, having takenChalciope, the daughter ofAeetes, fatheredArgos,Melia,Katis,Phrontis,Soros, andHellen. Later,Athamas, due to the wrath ofHera because he raisedDionysus as a girl, having received him fromHermes, was deprived of his children fromIno; for he, in madness, shotLearchus with an arrow, andIno, withPalaemon, also known asMelicertes, threw herself into the sea, andAthamas, having been exiled fromBoeotia, received an oracle to live where he would be hosted by wild animals. Wolves, around the place named Athamantia after him, seeing him, fled, leaving behind the meat of thesheep they were eating. There, marryingThemisto, the daughter ofHypseus, he fatheredLeukon,Erythros,Schoeneus, Titon. And while the rest of the story is true, the part about the ram is mythologized; forKrios, being a man, a friend toHelle andPhryxus, knowing their plot against them, embarked on a ship with them and was carried along. AndHelle, around theHellespont, either due to illness or falling from the ship, dies, but they arrived at theColchians and, having gilded the skin of the ram, they sacrifice the ram toZeus, and a certain man,Drakon, guarded the skin.Thetis is the sea, because she is the cause of good order; for when the water was gathered together at the beginning, the dry land appeared and there was order in the universe.

§ 23  Ioulos: A small many-legged worm climbing up walls, to which he compares the ships ofAlexander because of the oars. But I speak of one ship ofAlexander and one barbarian boat (97): having four soldiers, it sailed to Greece. Ioulos has four meanings: this worm, the sprouting of the beard, the twisting of the hairs and the hymn, asEratosthenes says inHermes "the handmaid of the barley, climbing up the high gate with a torch, sang beautiful songs of the Ioulos. The worm" is the many-legged animal from which, by metaphor, the many-oared ships are called worm-footed from it. Or the worm is a many-legged sea creature, from which the ships are called worm-footed. Foot is from the ground, and this is from the verb to sit. Therefore, the feet of the ship are properly the keels or even the oars. "Fair-eyed" means good-sighted because of the eyes, hence they move the oars while sailing. "With swords" means with oars.

§ 24  "Stork-colored" the ships are due to being whitened with wax. White-haired due to the sails.Phalakrai instead of Idaiai. The area around Phalakra is bare and treeless, hence it got this name. "?Phalakrai" the peaks ofIda, which does not have a living plant due to the snow and the crystal, but has been stripped. And all the stripped mountains were calledPhalakrai. Otherwise. A mountain ofTroy, sinceParis made the ships there and made the place bald. Some say that the wood for the shipbuilding ofAlexander's ships was cut from Phalakra, and since then this mountain, having been stripped, was named Phalakra due to being made bald for the construction of the ships byPhereclus. He called the ships "daughters of Phalakra" as they were built from the wood of Phalakra. It should also be known that the mountainIda has three peaks,Lekton, Gargaros and Phalakra, from whichAlexander's ships were built. Idaiai from the surrounding. For there are four peaks ofIda, Phalakra,Lekton, Gargaros,Pergamon.

§ 25  Calydnai are islands and mountains ofTroy from someone named Calydnos. "Ptila" are the sails, from the word "tillo" EG 485 50 EM 694 33 "white ptila" are the oars, because the water is whitened by them "ptila" are also the wings from the action of flying? to pluck and cut the air.

§ 26  The ends of the ship, the acrostolia cf. PS 295 "Aphlasta" is an independent word instead of saying 'and aphlasta'. Aphlasta are called the sterns from being easily molded and easily burned or from being aphlasta euphemistically and unburnable, because the sterns of the royal and military ships had gods inscribed on them, which out of piety no one would burn. The sterns of the other ships one could call aphlasta as if they were easily molded and easily burned; for if someone throws fire at them, they will quickly burn due to being compacted. "Phosson" is the inflated sail of the ship ×Eg (EM 804 23) "phossonas" are the sails, the oars from the word "pho" to shine; for they are white. Or from the word "phusao" to inflate by wind phussones and phossones or from the word "phero" to carry the winds. "Orguiomenous" extended, spread out or from the orguia or the extension of the hands or from the word "orgo" to rush. To rush is to quickly pull something out of the ground of the plants or the herbs. "Orguiomenous" should be written both with and without the addition of 'i'; for the feminine words through 'uia' end with 'i', fly, harpyia, metruia, but aguia and orguia are different.

§ 27  "With the winds blowing from the north." This is the wind that carries those sailing fromTroy to Greece, and the north wind is favorable (ourios).

§ 28  "She opened her mouth in divine frenzy." This is her opening her mouth in a frenzy and prophetic. For it seems thatDionysus andApollo are the same, hence a tripod was given to the victors. The prophetic moved by the god. "Burning, sharp, caustic." "Divine" means divine prophetic, the divine speaking voices. "Opened" means opened. "Bacchic" means speaking like the Bacchae ofDionysus. It is etymologized from the pouring out of the cry.

§ 29  "From the heights of Atë." The hill of Atë was formerly calledIlium. "The hill of Atë" and "cow-wandering-founded" he refers toTroy. ForElectra daughter ofAtlas andZeus,Iasion andDardanus. AndIasion, having fallen in love withDemeter, is struck by lightning, andDardanus, after a flood, crosses fromSamothrace to the opposite land, then ruled byTeucer ofScamander and the nymphIda, whose sisterBateiaDardanus took, and even ifLycophron calls herArisbe (1306), she gives birth toIlus andErichthonius, of whomIlus dies childless, andErichthonius fromAstyoche daughter ofSimoeis gives birth toTros.Tros andCallirhoe daughter ofScamander hadIlus and others.Hellanicus says about this place in the first of hisTrojan histories that whenIlus was divining inPriepos ofPhrygia, the PriepeanApollo advised him not to build on this hill; for he said it was Atë. Therefore,Dardanus did not build it, but theDardania called underIda. This hill was formerly called Scamander. InPhrygia, having found a contest set up by the king, he wins a wrestling match and, having received from the king fifty girls and fifty boys, he followed acow that had strayed fromMysia. Having arrived at the place called Acte ofPhrygia, it lay down, and thereIlus built a city and called itIlium. "Cow-wandering-founded."Lesches theLampsacene says that whenIlus was pasturingcows inMysia, onecow jumped away and ran, and he, pursuing, came toIlium. "Cow-wandering-founded."Lesches theLampsacene says that whenIlus was pasturingcows inMysia,Apollo advised him to build a city there, where he would see one of hiscows falling. So one of hiscows, having jumped away from the herd... he pursued it, and it, having stumbled, fell whereIlium now is. AndIlus, remembering the oracle, built a city there and called itIlium after himself. Otherwise. They say that whenIlus was divining where he would build a city, the god revealed to him that he would find a wanderingcow and where it would lie down, there he should build a city. "From the high hills." For in those parts was the tower ofCassandra.

§ 30  From the act of defending men; for she was a virgin.

§ 31  She speaks these words to the city. "Ai Ai" is a lamenting adverb, which everyone marks with a grave accent, butStephanus andMelampus insist on using this rule: adverbs ending in 'ai' diphthong, if they have the accent at the end, are long, like iatatatai, papai, ai and similar ones except for babai and nai. I say also for ai. "Thelamon" is the nurse. "Thelamon" is a nurse from the word nipple. She refers toTroy itself as the nurse.

§ 32  "Before"; note from this that even the adverbs ending in 'the' when a vowel is added, they draw the 'n', but no longer when a consonant is added. With the torches shining or with war-bearing ships. "Peukaisin" is pines in the Ionic way, with the 'a' of the 'ai' diphthong remaining as 'e' and the 'i' added. Pine is a type of wood suitable for shipbuilding. He spoke from the maker to the made, or from the container to the contained. "Oulamephorois" means "with the destructive" or "bringing destruction and war". Otherwise, oulamos is properly a certain measure and quantity of horsemen. Note that there are five ranks of horsemen: phalanx, stix, tower, lochos, and oulamos. The phalanx consists of 16 horsemen, the stix of 6, the tower of 100, the lochos of 50, and the oulamos of 40.

§ 33  "Of the three-eveninglion"; he callsHerakles alion because of his bravery or because of thelion skin, and he calls him three-evening because they say thatZeus, duringAmphitryon's absence against theTeleboans, spent three nights withAlcmene and thus begot him. WhenAmphitryon went to war against theTeleboans, wanting to avenge the murder ofAlcmene's brothers and her father,Zeus made three nights into one and slept withAlcmene. On the same evening,Amphitryon also returned and slept with his wife, and she gave birth to twin sons,Herakles fromZeus, andIphikles fromAmphitryon, which is why he calls him three-evening. As for the allegories, unless some are necessary, they should be left out because of the multitude of stories, because it is not even appropriate to allegorize here; for he writes everything in a mythical way. Some say this about the three evenings. But I say thatLycophron callsHerakles three-evening because he spent three days in the belly of the beast, which he calls evenings because of the darkness and the belly of the beast was dark. But aboutZeus, it should be understood this way: a king was rejoicing and sleeping withAlcmene for three days whileAmphitryon was away. Since sleeping with women is a night-time activity, they made up the story that he made the three days into one evening. He calls him alion because of his strength and because he crushed the invulnerablelion ofNemea with his own hands and used its skin as a weapon and a shield, as it was invulnerable. He called him alion because of his royal, noble, and brave nature.

§ 34  "Triton smoothed it out." He refers to the sea monster asTriton'sdog;Triton is the son ofPoseidon andAmphitrite. He refers to the sea monster asPoseidon's. "Triton";Triton is primarily the son ofPoseidon andAmphitrite, his upper body up to his navel is human, and from his navel to his tail he is adolphin, so to speak, like a fish-centaur. Now he callsPoseidonTriton, andTriton'sdog is the sea monster. The story is as follows: When the gods wanted to bindZeus,Zeus, knowing this fromThetis, honored the other gods, but sentPoseidon andApollo to serveLaomedon. SoLaomedon honoredApollo with sacrifices, supposedly as a reward for his service, but he did not honorPoseidon, who had served him and fortifiedIlium. WhenPoseidon did not receive his due after the appointed time of service, he, being angry withLaomedon, sent a most terrible sea monster which flooded the land by spitting out the sea.Laomedon, compelled by an oracle, dressed his daughterHesione in royal attire and exposed her to the monster.Hercules, passing by and having promised to receive immortalhorses fromLaomedon, which were given to him as a ransom byZeus for having abductedGanymede, who wasLaomedon's brother, built a high wall and stood armed by the mouth of the monster. When the monster opened its mouth, he jumped into it all at once. After cutting it up from the inside for three days, he came out, having lost his hair. Not receiving what he had been promised byLaomedon, he filled six ships with men from Greece and, having returned, he sackedIlium, withTelamon being the first to break through the wall and enter.Hercules killedLaomedon along with his sons, except forPodarces, also calledPriam, andHesione, and set the city on fire. He gaveHesione as a prize toTelamon for his valor, from whomTelamon later fatheredTeucer. ThenHercules allowedHesione to buy whichever prisoner she wanted, and she bought her brotherPodarces with her veil, hence he was calledPriam. "He smoothed it out" is instead of "he made it disappear." "He smoothed it out." — he swallowed it. The word "jagged" signifies rough.

§ 34b  "Burning" means being set on fire. "He rubbed" means he hid, but more specifically it means he harvested. For "amale" is said to be the handful of ears of corn. I rub, from which also "he rubbed". "Sharp-toothed" is the sharp-tootheddog, but now it is the sea monster. "Burning" means being set on fire; for it is made from being set on fire and burning. "Of the feast"; the following; "And the breath of the feast burning in the pot dripped fat from the liver on the fireless hearths in the plain". "In the pot" means the belly of the beast and the cavity of the stomach, "on the hearths" means the intestines, "fireless" means, because ... hairs "in the plain" means the head.

§ 37  "He dripped fat"; for they say that he, having been swallowed by the beast, due to the moisture of the intestines, that is, the innards, became bald.

§ 36  "In the pot" means the beast and the cavity from "I pay" the "I give" and "I put" all cavity and the stomach towards which we pay and deposit. With a wide cavity of the beast fireless. "Pot"; he calls the beast a pot and fireless hearths the innate warmth of the beast in the entrails.

§ 37  "Hairs" the hairs of the head. "Hairs" hairs from "I divide" I will divide "part" and "part"; for the hairs were divided into many and thin and by the increase of the 's' part. The head is called "in the plain", from "to lie" in it the necessary; for the rational is in it, even if others say it is around the heart (P 435). So it is called "in the plain" or from the similarity of the "in the plain" herb, which is called "in the plain", because it induces sleep and coma to those who eat it; for the plant is soporific. "In the belly" now in the belly of the beast.

§ 38  "The child-killer"; after the ascent ofCerberus,Heracles, coming toThebes during the reign ofLycus, who raped his wifeMegara, shot him with an arrow. Through the anger ofHera he went mad and killedMegara and his four children,Onites,Therimachus,Demokoon, andCreontiades.Heracles, after the ascent ofCerberus, coming toThebes, shotLycus, the king ofThebes, and forcedMegara, the daughter ofCreon, the wife ofHeracles, and killed him. But being seized with madness by the anger ofHera, he also killed his own wife, thisMegara, and her four children,Onites,Therimachus,Demokoon, andCreontiades, by shooting them with arrows. ButPindar says that the children ofMegara andHeracles were killed by him (I IV 63). Others also say that he killed two sons ofIphicles, his brother, along with the children ofMegara (Ap. bibl. II 72). "Destroyer" means destroyer and ravager. "Of the fatherland" was said in the Ionic way.Laomedon, the king ofTroy, intending to send his own daughter to be eaten by the beast, ordered the one who killed the beast and took his daughter and the immortalhorses, which he had received fromZeus forGanymedes, his son, whichHeracles did and not receiving thehorses, but other mortal ones, he gathered the best of the Greeks, that is,Telamon,Peleus and many others, and destroyedTroy.Troy was destroyed three times, first byHeracles, the second by the Greeks, the third by theAmazons.

§ 39  "She who gave birth a second time," he refers toHera; for she led him through her bosom as if giving birth and becoming a mother; and when she breastfed him, persuaded byAthena, she gave him; and he woundedHera. Or as a mother-in-law; for she was the wife ofZeus. Hence, he reproaches him for not sparing the breast. AndHomer says, "Hera suffered when the strong son ofAmphitryon" (E 392).Eurytus, the king ofOechalia, offered his daughterIole's marriage as a prize to the one who would defeat him in archery, andHercules, having defeated him, did not give him his daughter. Angered, he destroyedOechalia, tookIole, and killedIphitus, the son ofEurytus, who had come toTiryns in search of hishorses. Fleeing from the murder, he went toNeleus to be purified; butNeleus not accepting him, he went to Deiphobus, the king of theArcadians, and having been purified of the murder, he waged war againstNeleus and destroyed both the city andNeleus, and his sons, exceptNestor, andHera, who was allied withNeleus, he wounded. "Unwounded"Hera as a goddess not being wounded. For whenHercules was waging war againstPylos andNestor's fatherNeleus, for not purifying him of the murder ofIphitus,Hera, who was allied withNeleus, he shoots in the right breast with a triple-barbed arrow, asHomer says (E 393). This, inHomer, is beautifully allegorized, but now it lies childish and mythical. "With a heavy spindle" means a terrible arrow.

§ 40  "Chest" means the chest from the firmness of the mind being there. For there is the heart and the vital part, from which the mind draws its powers. "In the middle of the court" in the middle of the passage and the stadium.

§ 41  "Father of the wrestler".Hercules, having waged war againstAugeas, the king ofElis, the son ofHelios and Iphiboe, for not receiving the wage for the purification of the dung of theoxen, and having destroyedElis, from the spoils there he established a contest forOlympianZeus and called itOlympian. The contest was held every five years, or to be more precise, every fifty months. The athletes competed in pentathlon and other contests. The pentathlon was boxing, running, jumping, discus, and wrestling. "Father of the wrestler";Hercules, while holding the contest inOlympia, challenged anyone who wanted to wrestle, but no one daring,Zeus, disguised as a man, came and after a long equal wrestling match, he revealed himself to his son. TheOlympic Games were held for five days from the 10th of the moon until the 15th. They trained the day before for 30 days. "Falling upon" means falling and seizing from the word ochos and by the pleonasm of the 'm' ochmos and from it I derive the word ochmazo meaning to lie upon. "Body" means the living body from the word dedesthai meaning to be bound and composed. Body is also said to be the dead from the word dmo meaning I tame, the tamed and dissolved and body the living from the word sozon meaning to be safe and body the dead from the word semeion meaning to be a sign of the once living. But those who say that body and body differ are talking nonsense.

§ 42  "From the steep ofKronos"; it is a place inOlympia called thehill of Kronos, whichCallimachus also mentions (fr. 563b). "The bank ofKronos"; the bank isOlympia; for it was formerly called thehill of Kronos. "Where the earth-born" Ischenus. "Earth-born" means giant. Gigas, the son ofHermes and Iereias, and Ischenus was the son of Gigas. When a famine occurred, an oracle was given that the famine could not be ended unless one of the nobles was sacrificed. So, when the others refused, Ischenus volunteered to be sacrificed. His tomb is shown near the so-called hill ofKronos, close to the bend ofOlympia, and he was honored with the greatest honors, on the day he was sacrificed, and a competition was established. They call himTaraxippus, because the competinghorses, when they get there by the memorial, are disturbed. He is said to be a disturber ofhorses, since he disturbs and confuses the competinghorses either by some unspoken and irrational power or by a laurel standing around the tomb and its shadow shaking thehorses with the shadow of the leaves. Others say that there is a laurel there and its shadow shaking thehorses with the shadow of the leaves.

§ 44  "He who the sea"; the following thus: "he who" of theItalian "sea's narrow recesses" overlooking the "wild"Scylla "having killed". "Or narrow" the descents and twists of the ports. TheItalians areAusones, theItalian is Ausonitis fromAuson, the child ofOdysseus andCirce. Others say from anotherAuson (702).Auson theItalian fromAuson, who was born fromCalypso toAtlas. Ausonia, however, properly, asDion writes the Cocceian (I p. 356 Boiss.), is said to be only the land of theAurunci, lying by the sea between theCampanians and theVolsci, but many thought Ausonia to be up toLatium so that all ofItaly is from it. Some even call us Greeks, Hellenes,Ausones, doing this with authoritative audacity and not poetically. "Recesses" from the verb "myo" which means "I hide".

§ 45  "Observing" means watching, from the word "see" I derive "observe" and with theAttic increase, I observe. "Wilddog" refers toScylla, the daughter ofPhorcys, a beastly creature that devours some of those sailing theSicilian sea. And indeed,

§ 46  "Having killed over the cave,"Heracles, driving thecattle ofGeryon fromErytheia, happened to be at the strait betweenItaly andSicily. He killedScylla who had seized some of thebulls. Her fatherPhorcys burned her and revived her. "Having killed over the cave,"Heracles, driving thecattle ofGeryon fromErytheia, happened to be at the strait betweenItaly andSicily. The aforementionedScylla, having seized some of thebulls, was killed byHeracles, and later her fatherPhorcys, having burned and boiled her, revived her with a torch.Scylla was a beautiful woman who was withPoseidon, butAmphitrite, being jealous, threw a potion into the spring where she used to bathe, and she was turned into a beast. He called her a "lioness" because of her terror. These are the mythical stories, but the truth is as follows:Scylla is a cape nearRhegium ofSicily that juts out into the sea, beneath which are many large rocks with hollow places and caves, where sea creatures dwell. Ships that are dashed against the rocks by the water ofCharybdis and the men are eaten.Charybdis andScylla are close to each other;Charybdis is nearMessene, andScylla is nearRhegium, as I said.Rhegium was founded byIocastus, son ofAeolus, asCallimachus says, "Leaving the city ofRhegium, son ofIocastus ofAeolus." Therefore,Heracles, being the wisest and most strategic, and sailing these places with thecattle ofGeryon, lost some of them there and from there he cleansed the place with some devices, hence they mythologized that he killedScylla.Phorcys, either the sea, her father - for the sea made her this difficult -, revived her again with a torch, that is, with the movements and times of the sun, the sea, having poured out the cleansing and the device byHeracles, turned her back into her original difficulty. A cave is a cave. It is etymologized as a cave from the drawn stone and diminutively a cave is the drawn stone or lithic, hence it is better to write with 'ι', but the diphthong is turned into a diphthong through 'υ' cave. "Holding fish" holding fish "or swimming" either swimming like a fish. ForLycophron's things are understood mythically. Instead of hunting fish asHomer (m 95). Or swimming like a fish. 5

§ 47  "He called her 'bull-slayer'" as if she ate fromGeryon'sbulls, and 'lioness' due to her murderous nature. He said 'bull-slayer' and not 'bull-eater' because of the meter, in the Ionic way; for theIonians say it this way with the 's', like Theosdoros and Theosdotos and similar names, while the Attics drop the 's'. Generally, 'bull-slayer' is said of the one who slaughtersbulls, and 'bull-eater' of the one who eatsbulls.

§ 48  She was said to 'consume flesh'. A great torch, a certain bright light, appearing very large and with an Aeolic syncope, a torch. 'She built': the expression is metaphorical, from builders and constructors, instead of 'she revived', 'she raised'. But 'she built' pleases me little to write; for the 'm' extends it like the belovedAphrodite, and even there (EG 553 22) some doubled the 'm' because they did not know the meters precisely. But if someone writes this large, even if he is ignorant, let him learn that he writes large in theAttic extension, like 'giver' and 'drinker' and the like.

§ 49  "Leptynnis" as if she did not fearPersephone as much as she was immortalized. Or otherwise. Leptynnis the soul, for it is most subtle. Therefore,Phorkys, having burned Skylla, called back the soul that did not fearHades. "Leptynnis" some meanHades, othersPersephone, as if thinning the bodies of the dying. "Leptynnis" as if she did not fearPersephone as much as she was immortalized. Or otherwise. Leptynnis the soul, from being thinned and airy — she speaks of Skylla ..., the whole from a part — or LeptynnisPersephone, that is, fate and death, from thinning the bodies of the dying and making them dust. ButPhorkys raised her who from then on did not fearPersephone. "The Judean goddess" isPersephone.

§ 50  "Whom once the corpse"Nessus "welcomed" and befriended "long agoHades" because of the supposed death ofHeracles. "Or welcoming" so that it may be: the deadNessus killedHeracles "the welcoming" and friend who had "Hades", when he went down to bring upCerberus. The story aboutNessus is as follows:Heracles, having wrestled withAchelous inCalydon and breaking his right horn and giving it back to him, received from him the horn ofAmaltheia, the daughter ofHaemon, andDeianira, the daughter ofOeneus, instead ofAchelous as his wife. But during the wedding, he struck one ofOeneus's relatives,Ennomus the son of Architelus, with a club and killed him, having drunkenly hit him with his hand in a friendly manner. He chose to flee toTrachis toCeyx. But as he was crossing theEuenus river, he was first ferried across by the CentaurNessus. But as he was in the...

§ 50bis  "He killed him," saidNessus, having kidnappedDeianeira, the wife ofHeracles, as it happened by the riverEuenus, he violated her. But the hero arrived in time, shotNessus with an arrow, and as he was about to die, he toldHeracles' wife: "Take this blood, and when your husband wants to leave you, smear his flesh with it and he will love you." And deceiving the woman, he gave her some of the hydra's venom, whichHeracles' arrow had, in a vessel. Later, having done this and smeared her husband with it in order to be loved by him, she unintentionally killed him.Nessus was ferryingDeianeira and tried to violate her, but was shot byHeracles. Knowing that he was dying — forHeracles' arrows were inescapable, being smeared with the hydra's venom — he put the blood flowing from his wound into a vessel, gave it toDeianeira, deceiving her, and said that he was dying because of her. "I give you this as a gift, capable of attracting love; for if you perceiveHeracles being captivated by another woman's love, smear this on his clothes and he will turn his love back to you."Deianeira, having this vessel, when she later heard thatHeracles had sackedOechalia and was leading awayEurytus' beautiful daughterIole, and was in love with her, smearedHeracles' clothes with this blood and sent them with the servantLichas. But whileHeracles was sacrificing toZeus near CapeCenaeum inEuboea, he put on this poisoned tunic, and being seized by a violent and fiery itching, he died in the nearby river from which theThermopylae originated, after throwingLichas from a rock and killing him.Heracles left his bow toPhiloctetes, asPhiloctetes' fatherPoeas had assisted him at his death. These bows, as thisLycophron says (56),Heracles got fromTeutarus, aScythian cowherd, son ofAmphitryon, who taught him archery. Others say thatEurytus taught him archery (Ap. l. l. 63), others thatRhadamanthys, theCretan, who was his maternal uncle; for after the death ofAmphitryon,Rhadamanthys killed his own brother and fled fromCrete, and having gone up toOcalea inBoeotia, he marriedAlcmene and taughtHeracles archery (ib. 70). So he says thatNessus, being dead, killedHeracles "with a treacherous sword," that is, with the venom of the hydra, the one who had long ago overpoweredHades, asHomer also says, "mightyHades suffered" (E 395) "a swift arrow".

§ 51  "Hades receiving him" long ago;Admetus had a wife,Eriboea, who happened to die. At the time of her death,Heracles was being hosted byAdmetus. Not knowing about the death of the aforementionedEriboea, he began to celebrate. One of the maidservants approached him and said: You should not celebrate here becauseAdmetus' wife has died. He then said: Where is she buried? And sitting down by the tomb, whenHades came out to touch the sacrifices, he seized him strongly, until he gave back the woman.

§ 52  "I will destroy you, I will see you, ohTroy," for the second time being destroyed by the hands ofNeoptolemus, the descendant ofAeacus andEpeius, who constructed theTrojan Horse. For previously, you were destroyed byHeracles and given to the fire, and now you are about to be burned by the hands ofAeacus, eitherEpeius orNeoptolemus. For both are second descendants ofAeacus as you will learn. Therefore, he says you are about to be burned by them and by the bones ofPelops lying around the city ofLaetrina inElis.Pelops, however, is the son ofTantalus andEuryanassa ofPactolus. The arrangements should not be written, but I will mark them with diagrams a and b and the rest, rather those that are considered and terrible.

§ 53  "With the hands ofAeacus" with the hands ofNeoptolemus andEpeius because of theTrojan Horser.Epeius traces his lineage fromAeacus in this way: FromAeacus andPsamathe camePhocus, fromPhocus camePanopeus, from him cameEpeius from whom theEpeian tribe. "With the hands ofAeacus": FromAeacus andEndeis camePeleus andTelamon, fromPsamathe theNereid camePhocus. FromPeleus andThetis cameAchilles. FromAchilles andDeidamia, the daughter ofLycomedes, camePyrrhus also known asNeoptolemus. FromTelamon andEriboea cameAjax, fromHesione cameTeucer. FromAjax andLysidice, the daughter ofCoronus, camePhilius. FromTecmessa the captive cameEurysakes. FromPhocus again andAsteria cameCrissus andPanopeus, fromPanopeus cameEpeius who constructed the Trojanhorse through whichIlium was destroyed.

§ 54  "Remains of the fire": what the fire left behind, bones, are called remains of the fire. "Son ofTantalus" the son ofTantalus,Pelops. "They inhabitLaetrina" those lying aroundLaetrina;Laetrina is a city ofElis. The bones ofPelops were lying there, which the oracle indicated to be brought back. "The son who was devoured": The Greeks received an oracle thatIlium would not be destroyed earlier, unless they took the bones ofPelops fromElis. An oracle fell to bring the cotyledons ofPelops and the bow ofHeracles, whichPhiloctetes had to Greece, andNeoptolemus the son ofAchilles, since otherwise they would not be able to destroyIlium. "The son who was devoured": The Greeks received an oracle thatIlium would not be destroyed earlier, unless the bones ofPelops were moved fromElis to Greece andNeoptolemus the son ofAchilles. An oracle fell to bring the cotyledons ofPelops and the bow ofHeracles, whichPhiloctetes had to Greece, andNeoptolemus the son ofAchilles, for if this did not happen,Ilium would not be destroyed.Laetrina is a city ofElis.

§ 55  "Having been swallowed" means thatPelops was consumed in the soot and ash when he was prepared for the feast of the gods.

§ 56  "To the Teutareans":Teutarus, aScythian herdsman, taughtHeracles to shoot, providing him with his own bow. WhenHeracles died,Philoctetes, who buried him, took these and his bow. The word "and" is missing, so it should read "and to the Teutareans with winged arrows" or the arrows of the herdsman. Who isTeutarus, I have said.

§ 57  "Everything in the light": BeforeHelen,Alexander had a wife,Oenone, who, because ofHelen's subsequent marriages and the reproach and blame of her father for criticizing her, became angry and sent her sonCorythus to lead the Greeks toTroy, being reproached by her father for the reproach and blame of her father andHelen's subsequent marriages. "Heavy with jealousy" isOenone, the wife ofAlexander, who was the daughter ofCebren or Oeneus.Alexander had her beforeHelen, and they had a son,Corythus, whom she sent to lead the Greeks toTroy, being reproached by her father for the reproach and blame of her father andHelen's subsequent marriages. "The son" refers to the son ofOenone andAlexander.

§ 60  "Subsequent" refers to the unlawful ones.

§ 61  "Sorceress": They say thatOenone, wanting to heal the woundedAlexander, was prevented by her father. But after he died, when she later brought the drugs, she found him already dead and killed herself, either by throwing herself intoAlexander's funeral pyre, according toQuintus, or by hanging herself, according toDictys, or by falling from the tower, according to thisLycophron. "Incurable" either becauseAlexander was dead and could not be healed, or because the arrows ofPhiloctetes were smeared with the gall of theHydra, or because she applied the drugs after the wound had been smeared; forOenone was skilled in prophecy and medicine. Or because she applied the drugs after the wound had been smeared; incurable either becauseAlexander was dead and could not be healed, or because the arrows were smeared with the poison of theHydra, in whichAlexander was shot, or because she applied the drugs after the wound had been smeared; forOenone practiced medicine and prophecy.

§ 63  "To the Giant-slayers"; forHeracles killed theGiants with these arrows. TheEarth, angry at theTitans, inPhlegra ofPellene, gave birth to the dragon-footed, deep-born, and deep-hairedGiants, who hurled burning rocks and oaks into the sky. The first of these werePorphyrion andAlcyoneus, who were immortal as long as they fought on the land where they were born. But whenHeracles sided withZeus and shot them with his arrows, they were killed. First, he shotAlcyoneus, who, when he fell to the ground, grew stronger. But byAthena's advice, he dragged him out ofPellene and killed him.Zeus instilled a desire forHera inPorphyrion, and while he was tearingHera's robes,Heracles shot him andZeus struck him with his thunderbolt and killed him. He also killed the otherGiants in the same way, except for a few, with the help ofZeus. The arrowhead is named after the curses and harms it causes. He used "pierced" metaphorically instead of "shot". And "pierced" is appropriate: "pierced" forAlexander, and "pierced" for the wound.

§ 64  "Fellow archer" instead of "fellow craftsman archer". He callsPhiloctetes "self-taught" because bothAlexander andPhiloctetes were archers. For whenPhiloctetes was brought fromLemnos, he andAlexander fought a single combat with their bows.Alexander shot first and missedPhiloctetes, butPhiloctetes, shooting second, hitAlexander in the left hand. Immediately releasing a second arrow, he cut out his right eye, and with a third arrow, he pierced his ankle and killed him.

§ 65  "From the tops of the towers"; whenAlexander was wounded byPhiloctetes, she who could heal the wound with drugs did not heal it, and when he died, she threw herself down from the longing for him and died with her husband.

§ 67  "Hooked" is used metaphorically from the fishing term for fish caught by the hook.

§ 69  "I mourn, I mourn for you" becauseTroy was sacked three times: first byHeracles because ofLaomedon'shorses, second by the Greeks because of the much-talked-aboutHelen, and third by the powerfulAmazons. "I mourn, I mourn for you" becauseTroy was sacked three times: first byHeracles because ofLaomedon'shorses andHesione, second by theAmazons, asHomer says in the G (198) rhapsody that they came fromPriam "when theAmazons, the equals of men, came", and third because of the much-talked-aboutHelen, it was sacked and completely burned and disappeared.

§ 70  "Again to battle"; intending to go to war again and to be inflamed.

§ 72  "And the tombs of Atlantis"; the following: the tombs of the swimmer, the son of the daughter ofAtlas andPleione. She is one of thePleiades. He speaks ofElectra. I mourn for you, O city, and the tombs of our ancestors within you, ofElectra and her sonDardanus who once, during the flood, covered his body with a sewn skin, as the four-footed animal around theIster is accustomed to do, when it inflates its own skin and crosses theDanube river, leaving the dwelling of theCorybantes, and came toIlium. When did he do this? WhenZeus flooded the earth during the time ofDeucalion and all men were sailing in the waters and the walls were falling, the sea creatures were eating the fruits of the trees and vines, thedolphins and seals always desiring the company of men. "And tombs" instead of the tomb of the "diver" and swimmer "Celerus" and son of the daughter ofAtlas,Electra, who once "in the sewn skin" and skin "or vessel" and vessel "he embarked and" sailed "like aCretan jar" he sailed "alone" one-eyed or alone "having stripped off" and covering the body in the "skin such as" and as "apig" an Ister animal "four-legged".

§ 73  "Celerus" ofDardanus, the son ofElectra andZeus, who, leavingSamothrace in the flood, made a raft and 〈made a skin for himself〉 sewn, came toIlium. Therefore, he says, I mourn, I mourn for you and the tombs of the son ofElectra. "Of Atlantis";Dardanus, the son ofZeus andElectra, the daughter ofAtlas, leavingSamothrace in the flood, made a raft and coming to the parts aroundTroy, foundedDardania and there he died and his tomb lies aroundTroy (72) in a part ofDardania. Later, however,Dardania andIlium andTroy have become one city. WhenNyctimus took over the kingdom, the flood, as they babble, happened because of the butchery ofPelops. I knowPelops to be the fifth fromDardanus. Therefore, they babble that the flood happened either because ofAzan, the son ofLycaon, and the impiety of the sons ofLycaon, because they cut upNyctimus and sacrificed him toZeus. But according to other historians, the flood happened thus: aroundHelice andBura, the cities, when opposing winds blew, a great cloud formed and rain poured and the flood happened (591). "Diver" he said of the one constantly sinking in the raft because of the storm or of the swimmer or from the two pieces of wood, having fixed the raft, to sail fromSamothrace, fleeing the flood during the time ofDeucalion. And he called the raft a sewn vessel.

§ 74  "Porkos" is a four-legged animal around theIstrus river, now called theDanube. It is covered with a thin skin and when inflated, it becomes bag-like and thus swims, until it thins out, and then it comes onto the land and grazes and immediately upon cooling, it dies. The following is thus: as the porkos wraps its body with its own skin like a bag and swims, so too didDardanus sail on the raft; he sailed carrying four stones and covering his body like a porkos.

§ 75  They calledDardanus "moneres" because he used one oar on the raft for as long as one day, living and dying late.

§ 76  Rethymna is a city ofCrete. "Rithymnia" is a city ofCrete. "Cepfos" is a hard-to-catch sea bird. It is a sea creature similar to a gull, which the children of fishermen hunt with foam.

§ 77  "Zerynthos" is a cave ofHecate inThrace. "Antron" is a cave from the upper part being pierced or bored. Leaving the Thracian cave ofRhea, or as some say ofHecate,Dardanus; forSophron in his Mimes says thatdogs are sacrificed to her. Leaving the Thracian cave ofRhea orHecate,Dardanus; for bothRhea, who is said to be accompanied by alion, andHecate, who is foreign and fearsome, they sacrificedogs to them, asSophron says in Mimes; for the barkingdog dispels apparitions as well as struck bronze if there is such a thing.

§ 78  "Saon" isSamon by contraction of the 'm'. "Saon" is a mountain ofSamothrace, whichNicandros mentions in his Theriaka, saying something like "or ofSaos or of Mosychlos". TheCorybantes are spirits aroundRhea, those who guardedZeus. The name of a nation or of spirits. Otherwise, theCorybantes, who are spirits aroundRhea, established theSaon cave. But theCuretes are the children of theDanaid nymphCresse andApollo, while theCorybantes are the children ofThaleia andApollo.

§ 79  "He made it sandy" he made it sandy, he flooded it. "Amathos" is written with one 'm' from being derived from "amathes" and "ametretos" and "amos" becoming by apocope and is written with one 'm', only theAeolians double this as well as the rest.

§ 80  "Resounding" echoes of noise carried by sound. "Nasmos" rain, flood from the verb "nao" which means to flow, hence also "nama" and "nautes" and "naus" and "navigating the edge". "Nasmos" rain from "nao", hence also "nama" and "nautes". It signifies here the flood.

§ 81  “They” elliptically instead of "the people".

§ 83  "Phegon" the acorn from "phago" to eat, hence also "phagon" and "phegon" are said; for the ancients, before they found grain, they ate acorns and fruits. "Drykarpa" all fruit asOrpheus says in the Dodekaeteris (p. 151 Ab.) "throw all shoots, those that are said to be the top of the oak".

§ 84  A phalaina (whale) is a wick that is added to the lamps, which is also called pyraustomoros, psyche, and psora. It is called a whale from its jumping into the light". It has a long 'a' [and] it should be written with one l; for the names of the verbs are shorter, like "thallo" becomes "thalos", "angello" becomes "angelos". And about the whale of the land wick, which we also call a candle snuffer, we have said; a whale (phalaina) is also a monstrous fish. He said "phalai" by truncation. "Phalai te"; the following; "Phallai te ferbonto hai te phokai hai ep' arsenon broton lektra thourosai". Forseals are said to have a desire for sex with men. Otherwise. The following; "Whales anddolphins were fed on acorns" and the rest; the seals that erotically rush "to the beds of male mortals". The seal is a sea monster similar to a landox or rather a bear, and it desires the company of men. It is also suitable for magic.

§ 86  "I will see the running log"; the speech is aboutAlexander. For he says that I seeAlexander eager for the abduction ofHelen. But he calledAlexander "grynon" by metonymy; for "grynos" is the trunk. AndHomer (EGF I p. 74 Kink.) "Grynoi men daionto, megas d'Hephaistos aneste". "Grounoi" trunks like "grounoi — aneste". Eg (EM 241 45) he calls the same a torch, as much asHecabe seemed to give birth to a torch in a dream. Some heard "winged grynon" the ship because of the oars or the wings, as much as it makes its journey through them. Now, however, he says "grynon" the ship ofAlexander because it is made of wood, "winged" because of the sails, as much as it makes its journey through them by metonymy "or grynon"Alexander himself because of the dream, whichHecabe saw, that she gave birth to a burning torch, who set the whole city and the forest onIda on fire. Having heard this dream, the seers and those skilled in dreams said to throw the child to be born immediately. But whenAlexander was born, they exposed him onIda, whom a shepherd seeing very handsome took up and raised. "Winged" but because of the journey with a ship.

§ 87  "Of the timid, swift, and low-flying turtledove; for the creature is associated withAphrodite. Or because he also likenedAlexander to aneagle, rushing to seize his prey. "Pephnaia'sdog" refers toHelen, either from the place inLaconia or because many died because of her. "Dog" either from the place inLaconia or of the timid, swift, and low-flying; for the creature is associated withAphrodite; or because of the cause of death for many. He speaks ofHelen, since he also likenedAlexander to aneagle, rushing to seize his prey. He calls her a turtledove because of her lustfulness; for the dove alone among birds mates and reproduces throughout the year, henceAeschylus says "of the all-nourishing dove" (S. 277). "Dog" of the shameless, according toHomer "because of me,dog" (Z 356) "of evil contrivance" (344).Pephne is the cape ofLaconia from whereHelen set out. "Turtledove into a seizure into the seizure" of the most lustful "turtledove" either of the dove worthy to be killed "dog".

§ 88  "Moist-footed Torgos" isZeus orNemesis, as much asZeus, likened to a swan, mated withNemesis, the daughter ofOceanus, from whom an egg is born, whichLeda, having taken it, warmed and gave birth toHelen and theDioscuri. But "moist-footed" is also written as "high-footed. Torgos" is primarily the vulture, but now he refers to the swan, whichZeus, imitating, mated withLeda. "Moist-footed" is the one who wanders and lives in wet places. The vulture, but now he refers to theeagle or the swan. He took one animal for another. ForZeus, likened to a swan, mated withNemesis, the daughter ofOceanus, into a goose, as they jest (Ap. III 127), changing her, and she, having given birth to an egg, left it in this marsh. A shepherd, having found it, brings it toLeda, who, having placed it in a chest, guarded it. In due time,Helen is born from the egg, whomLeda raised as her own child. Some also say thatCastor andPolydeuces were born from the same egg. In other historical accounts, I found thatZeus, likened to a star, and having mated withLeda, begetsCastor andPolydeuces, and later, as we said,Helen. Others again say (Ap. III 126) thatZeus, likened to a swan, mated withLeda, and on the same night so didTyndareus; she gives birth toPolydeuces andHelen fromZeus, andCastor fromTyndareus, henceCastor was mortal, the other immortal, but at the request of his brother, he too became immortal, asPindar says (Pind. N X 50 c. sch.). As for the allegories, as I said, they should be left alone; but since you desire to learn these too, listen. The ancients called all kingsZeus. A certain king mated withLeda adulterously by theEurotas river, who, having become pregnant from him, gives birth to three children in one womb, the aforementionedCastor,Polydeuces, andHelen. For he likens her womb to an egg and that one skin was born from it, which they made a skin and a talisman (Al. 506). He says thatZeus changed into a swan, because he did not mate with her in a kingly manner, but in public places like the swans.

§ 89  "Shell-like"; a shell is the entire eggshell (506) and a spiral is everything that is wrapped around the round shell. Now it peels the egg with a shell-like tool; for all peelers are called shell-like. But specifically, the thinnest skin inside the eggshell is called shell-like. A spiral is round, spiral-like; for a spiral is something that is round. "Covered with a shell" means covered with the eggshell. He refers to the egg, whichNemesis gives toTyndareus, who then gives it toLeda, from whomHelen and theDioscuri were born, or to the yolk and membrane of the egg because of the story thatHelen and her brothers were born from an egg.

§ 90  "And now you"; the figure of speech is a turn; for now he has turned his speech towardsAlexander and says "and now you", ohAlexander, "theAcherusian" and "the downward path" "will receive you". He refers to theTaenarum, the cape ofLaconia, where they say there is a descent toHades. Wanting to say that he will arrive inLacedaemon by sailing, he mentioned theAcherusian path, to show that from this pretext he will arrive, ohAlexander, inHades; for he later died because ofHelen. "And now you"; the figure of speech is a turn; for now he has turned his speech towardsAlexander and says "and now you", ohAlexander, "theAcherusian" and "the downward path" "will receive you". "Acherusian path" is eitherHades, because he was going to die because ofHelen, or theTaenarum ofLaconia instead of saying that he will arrive inLacedaemon, where there is "theAcherusian path". He shows through this that from this pretext he will arrive, ohAlexander, inHades; for he later died because ofHelen. For there is a mouth ofTaenarum inLaconia, from where they also say there is a descent toHades, asMenander says "there is a gate ofTaenarum towards the ends. "Downward" is what leads down.

§ 91  "White-tailedeagle" is either cowardly or rapacious; for a white-tailedeagle is a kind ofeagle. "White-tailedeagle" is a kind ofeagle.Sophocles takes "white-tailedeagle" for the cowardly, saying "white-tailed" from the white tail, speaking as if in contrast, black-tailed for the strong from the black tail. A white-tailedeagle is a cowardly, ugly or rapacious; for there are black-tailed, white-tailed kinds ofeagles according toArchilochus, from whom the rapaciouseagle is white-tailed. "The ugly and promiscuous white-tailedeagle is said" by antiphrasis, not having a slow tail, but moving it in copulation. The cowardly is again called white-tailed as having a white tail from the opposite of the proverb "you have not yet achieved black-tailed". For if the black-tailed are brave likeHercules, the white-tailed are certainly weak and cowardly "and unmanly".Theia, the daughter ofOceanus, said this to her own children aboutHercules; you have not yet achieved black-tailed. For the ancients called the cowards white-tailed, and the brave black-tailed. 5 "Father's dung" means stables, pens.

§ 92  "Rough patches ofcattle trampling" means roughcattle trampling.

§ 93  "The money changer" refers to the banker, the silver assayer, the judge ofHera,Aphrodite, andAthena. ForAlexander judged them when they held the apple. The table is properly called the altar because it receives the sacrifices, now metaphorically spoken of the court, when he judged the goddesses. ForAlexander judged them for the sake of the apple. For at the wedding ofThetis,Eris threw a golden apple in the midst of the gods inscribed 'to the fairest',Hera,Athena, andAphrodite quarreled with each other to receive it.Zeus, giving them toHermes, sends them toAlexander to judge them, who decided thatAphrodite should receive the apple. By her command, Harmonides built a ship for him, and according to some, he went toSparta, where he sawHelen and, struck by her beauty, he seized her. Or the altar is the table because it receives the sacrifices and incense, which is to guard.

§ 94  "But Ostrimon"; the mountains ofTroy are suitable for summer pastures; forAlexander made his summer stays and pastures in them. He says, therefore, instead of the pastures inTroy, you will cross these parts, theLaconian crossings. You will cross the jaw of thedonkey, which he calls "Gamphelas of thedonkey", "holding in — "(99): it is a place inLaconia so called asHomer also says "a small stone stops a great wave" (γ 296). But instead of Ostrimon, which are the mountains ofTroy, "Gamphelas of the donkey" means the jaws of adonkey. He refers toMalea, which is a cape of thePeloponnese, because it resembles the jaws of adonkey asHomer also says "a small stone stops a great wave" (γ 296).

§ 95  "Las" is a city inLaconia. You will also crossLas, that is,Malea. AndHomer says "a small — stops". And the city ofLas inSparta, whichHomer calls Laa (B 585) "of the well-lipped / well-lipped manger" of a well-fed manger or of the one having beautiful lips as being better than the pastoral life than the predatory and warlike.

§ 96  "Sleeping place ofsheep" signifies the place of sleep among thesheep, that is, the pen. "Sleeping places ofsheep" of the sleep of thesheep. It is etymologized from the word mela forsheep and iao for sleep and iauthmos (Al. 606) for sleep. He refers to the pens. "Of the dry back" of the reed or of the spit. "Sleeping places ofsheep" pens of thesheep. "Of the dry back" of the spit or reed. The reed is a pastoral rod slightly bent at both ends which they let go on the back of the flock that jumps away. But the back properly is the broad part of the oar.

§ 97  "Trampis" is a barbarian ship. "Ochesei" means he will carry or transport. "Ferekleioi podes" is a periphrasis forPhereclus or the ships that Phereklus made; for he built the ships forAlexander for the descent intoHellas. "Dissas" means two; there are two extremes inLaconian calledThyrides, which metaphorically they call salambas or windows.

§ 98  "Dissas" means two; there are two extremes inLaconian calledThyrides, which metaphorically he called salambas from the word selas, in which it is possible to ascend and see the distance. "Salambas" are theThyrides that are always in turmoil. Or from the fact that the light enters through them. Some call the windows salambas from the light entering when they are opened or through which the light enters. Salambas are also called the doors from the fact that they are in turmoil or from the fact that they shake and take those who enter. Salambas are also the lanterns or the lamps, colloquially from the fact that the light enters through them. "Gytheion" is a city inLaconia. "Plakas" are places now "in which", he says, in theLaconian cities "pros kynoura" towards the rough rocks "schasas" having thrown down, having released.

§ 100  "Peukes odontas" he calls the anchors; for these are the restrainers and keepers of the sea's turmoil and the flood. The following thus: "in which" cities "pros" the waves the "kampylous" of the ship "odontas" and the "hectors of the flood" "schasas" will rest the movements, the "einaphosswna stolon". The following thus: "in which" cities "pros" the waves the "kampylous" of the ship "odontas" and the "hectors of the flood" "schasas" the "odontas" of the ship or the irons and of the "flood" the "hectors" or those who restrain the ship's turmoil will rest the voyage, the "einaphosswna stolon. Hectors of the flood" are the restrainers of the waves. "Skarthmon iauseis" are the cessations of the movements otherwise. The following is hyperbaton "pros thina"; for "pros" below is missing, if "thina phosswna stolon" is written; if we write "einaphosswna", it will be, asPherecydes says thatAlexander sailed with nine ships. "Skarthmon iauseis" are the cessations of the movements "einaphosswna stolon" the one fitted with nine or the one fitted with one (27 3) "or thina phosswna stolon" that is from the movements "iauseis" and cessations to the shore "stolon" and your journey the "phosswna" or the one through the oars.

§ 102  He callsHelen 'much-wedded'. 'And the unwedded maiden' and the 'much-married' heifer 'you, thewolf, seized', either the ravisher 'of two doves', orphaned and deserted by the 'parents' of the two doves, eitherIphigeneia, whom he had fromTheseus, asDuris theSamian says, andHermione, whom he begot fromMenelaus; forTheseus first seized her when she was seven years old, after he had begottenIphigeneia from her, he took her away 'and a second time into a net', into a second net; but a net is properly a net for hunting bears; 'of the young broods' of foreign prey; these expressions are metaphorical, net as I said is said, and brooch from the brooches, with which they hunt partridges and other birds 'falling into the trap' having become a captive 'with the wing of the hunter' either with the speed ofAlexander (47 17) or with the ship (47 29) or with the 'wing' of 'love' 'you will sacrifice' to the Bacchae, from the verb to rush, said to be rushing? 'quickly' quickly, from the chariot quickly. AndAeschylus in thePrometheus (614) 'I have stopped my lamentations of toil quickly'. 'first-fruits ofsheep' first-fruits and sacrifices ofsheep; thesheep is thesheep in Aeolic from the verb to intend to care, said; for the ancients lived a pastoral and agricultural life.

§ 104  ButAlexander, meeting her a second time on the beach, sacrificing freshly to the Bacchae and toIno, seized her and went toEgypt and there he became her consort. The following: to the Bacchae and toIno freshly on the beach ofsheep first-fruits int. lin. , 5 seizing you will feed 5 ? 'Net' signifies the brooches the nets Eg (EM 144 7) thatHelen was twice seized, first byTheseus, second byAlexander.

§ 107  'With crocuses' with crocuses, with beaches. But the beach is called crocus from the verb to cut the verb to cut kerok and crocus, against which the waves are broken and shattered. 'Byne' from the verb to enter; for the 'b' instead of the 'd' is taken by theDorians. 'Byne' isLeucothea,Ino as in 'Byne's bedfellow of the loud-voiced' (Mein. AA 123) — from the verb to enter Dune the one who dived into the sea andByne metaphorically. Others say sea or pine as in 〈Euphorion "many-nourished tears of byne" AA l.l.〉.Lycophron. EM 217 5 (EG 117 8) 'Byne' to DuneLeucothea toIno from the verb to swim as others say I however from the verb to hide, whence also depth and Byne. But the story ofIno is this: falling with her sonPalaemon into the sea because she was pursued byAthamas she was drowned, she was carried out by adolphin nearSchoenous underCorinth. Amphimachos and Donakinos, taking up the bodies, bring them toCorinth.Sisyphus, brother ofAthamas and king ofCorinth, ordered an annual contest and sacrifice to be held for them, hence they have called them gods andLeucothea from the foam of the seaIno.Eurykleia was the daughter ofIno.

§ 108  "You will curdle"; to curdle primarily means to thicken milk for cheese-making, but now it means you will jump or lead.Skandeia is a city ofCythera int. lin. "Aigilou's peak" is a cape ofPeloponnese.

§ 109  "Aithon epakter" is a fiery, sharp hunter "laughing at the prey" rejoicing in the hunt. He calls the preyHelen.

§ 110  "Of the dragon"; he callsCecrops, the dragon, bifurcated because they say that he has the upper parts of a man and the lower parts of asnake. Others say that he was named bifurcated because of the size of his body. He calls the island of the dragonSalamis, forSalamis was formerly held by a dragon or a beast or a king namedAsopos, according to some, who came fromThebes.Cychreus, the son ofPoseidon andSalamis, asEuphorion says, killed the dragon and held the kingdom ofSalamis. Thus, he now callsSalamis the island of the dragon. Syntax: in the island ofAttica, of the bifurcated giantCecrops' kingdom, you will "pour out" the "longing" and having emptied yesterday's and old mixture ofHelen, you will "not see".

§ 110  "The second time"; he says that he will not see yesterday'sAphrodite; for once he was with her inAttica and sailing toEgypt, she was taken away byProteus, who made an idol... and took it toTroy. In which, he says, you will "pour out" the "longing" either mingling withHelen the "dawn" and yesterday's "Cypris" and the union "you will not see a second time". For once he was with her inAttica and having seized her, he did not immediately sail toTroy, but thinking he was being pursued by theLacedaemonians, he sailed toEgypt, where she was taken away byProteus. ButAlexander, having taken her idol, enteredTroy. Look at the syntax in the diagram.

§ 111  TheAttic peninsula was formerly called Akte. Hence, theAthenians were also called Aktaioi. "Aktes" ofAttica,Athens.Athens is referred to as Akte because Akteus once ruled there, or because it is a promontory, that is, it juts out and lies mostly towards the sea. The island ofSalamis is part ofAttica. He said "born of the earth" because theAthenians are said to have descended fromErechtheus, whom the earth bore, asHomer says, "the bountiful earth bore him." "Of the two-formed, born of the earth, scepter-bearing;" forAttica was the kingdom ofCecrops. Coming from the city ofSais inEgypt, he foundedAthens. According to theEgyptians,Athena is called Sais, asCharax says. They say thatCecrops was two-formed and two-natured, and theGiants were born of the earth; for they say that they sprang from the teeth of the dragon. They lived inThrace. They say thatCecrops was two-formed and two-natured because he came from the teeth of the dragon sown byCadmos inThebes. This man was king ofAthens, either because he had the stature and nature of two men, or because he knew two languages,Egyptian and Greek, or, as they jest, because his upper part was human and his lower part was a dragon.Demosthenes, speaking allegorically, says that he likened his strength to a dragon and his wisdom to a man. But I allegorize thus: having become a good king, he so subdued the beastliness of the nations that they all had one mind towards him and considered him a good leader and autocrat. For these reasons, they call him two-natured. Or as I found inJohn ofAntioch, that formerly the women in Greece mated like beasts, not in pairs. The children then were of one nature; for they knew only their mother, they did not recognize their father. But whenCecrops became king ofAttica, he put an end to the beastly mating and made it lawful for women to join with men. For from then on, the children recognized both their father and mother as the causes of their birth, being of two natures, andCecrops was called two-natured as the one who did this himself.

§ 112  "Born of the earth" becauseErichthonius was, as they say, sprung from the earth. For whenAthena went toHephaestus for the sake of making weapons,Hephaestus, being in love, pursued her, and when he caught her, asAthena resisted him, he ejaculated around her thighs, and she, being disgusted, threw the semen with wool onto the earth, andErichthonius was born from the wool and the earth, hence they say that allAthenians are born of the earth from him. Others say thatAttica is a sorrowful land and the people in it were never driven out by other nations because of the unenviable nature of their land, hence they said they were autochthonous and born of the earth. And the story aboutAthena andHephaestus is this:Hephaestus mated with a certain queenAthena, also called Balenike, the daughter of Bronteus, and begotErichthonius, who ruledAttica; for there were manyAthenas andAphrodites and not one was mythical as most of the names were. He says theAthenians are born of the earth, since they are of theErechtheids; for they say thatCadmos sowed the teeth of a dragon in the earth and theErechtheids sprang up.

§ 113  "A cold embrace"; through a cold entanglement and dreamlike, in vain with his arms "embracing" and feeling the bed. They say that asAlexander was passing throughEgypt,Proteus, having takenHelen away, gave him a statue ofHelen and so he sailed toTroy, asStesichorus says. For theTrojans, who were then, had the statue ofHelen.

§ 115  "Torone" is a city ofThrace, fromTorone, the wife ofProteus and daughter ofPoseidon andPhoenice. Steph. "For you; for the husband of PhlegraeanTorone — for so was called the wife ofProteus — will deprive you of the "marriages" ofHelen. The rendering of the syntax is hyperbaton to "deprives of marriages" (130). He is gloomy because of the death of his children; for he neither rejoiced because of nature nor was he grieved because of their murder. “Phlegraean” ofThrace, because there theGiants were burned. "The grim husband ofTorone" is a gloomy and unsmiling man ofTorone, andTorone is the wife ofProteus. The syntax is hyperbaton from "for you of the bedfellow" to "leaving the bed". It will be arranged according to the diagram. "Phlegraean husband"; Phlegraean was formerly calledThrace because theGiants were burned there, andTorone is the wife ofProteus, Phlegraean by race from whom children were born, I mean ofProteus andTorone,Tmolus andTelegonus; for it is said that he married her having come fromEgypt. Therefore, not bearing to see his children because of their murder, he returned toEgypt,Poseidon having given him the way through sea caves.Proteus, saysLycophron who wrote theAlexandra, (S 1226 62 10), was originally Pallenian, but later moved toEgypt because of the bad hospitality of his children. seq. Al. 124 BeingEgyptian he went toThrace. He also had two sons who killed guests. TheseHercules killed. Having called uponPoseidon through the sanctuaries of the earth, he came and founded the island ofPharos — and as a demon he neither laughs because of the children nor cries. sch. DP 259.

§ 116  "To whom laughter" to whomProteus and "laughter" is hated and the "tear, the ship" is also endless and "worn out" and deprived of "both" either laughter and tear "the Thracian from once" the one fromThrace who once passed to the "coastal" and growing dry land. He refers toEgypt; for it grows because of the dragged silt of theNile. "Triton's outlets" the outlets and the ascents of theNile. Otherwise. Triton is theNile because it was renamed three times; at first it was calledOceanus, secondly Aetos, because it flowed quickly, thirdlyEgypt. ButNile is new, etymologically derived from bringing new silt and drying up the sea. "Cultivated" some said irrigated, but I said earthed and dried up by the dragged silt. ForEgypt, asDiodorus (III 3) andHerodotus (II 4) and all say, was a sea, but it was dried up and is dried up by the outlets of the silt. Thus I say the "cultivated". For a furrow is the furrow or the earth.

§ 121  "Untraveled" unfooled "Not by a ship-faring expedition" not by a journey with ships "but an untraveled path" but one who has passed and traveled paths and roads "below" of the "sea" either underneath, then a wonder "untraveled path, in the tunnel of darkness" in the place of the hidden and lowest place "tunnel" and hollow place piercing pillars "like a mole" like a mole which is an animal similar to a mouse, it digs and hollows the earth. "Below the sea" it should be written without the 'n' according to the rule, which I taught before (27 13). It is a common syllable and accepts a long. "Mole" signifies, as I think, the mole.

§ 124  "Having escaped" and having fled the "murderous" wrestling of his own children. The story is this. "Having escaped from his children": the children ofProteus were killing the strangers coming toEgypt by wrestling them. Therefore, not bearing their injustice,Proteus migrated to the city ofPallenia inThrace. When his children were killed byHercules, he prayed to his fatherPoseidon, so that he would restore him back to his homeland. A chasm, they say, was formed and carried him toEgypt; this is what he calls the "untraveled path".Proteus, son ofPoseidon by birth, anEgyptian, coming toPhlegra ofPallenia andThrace fromEgypt, marriesTorone, from whom he had childrenTmolus andTelegonus who, wrestling the strangers, killed them. Not bearing their murder of strangers, their father, that isProteus, prayed to his fatherPoseidon to restore him back toEgypt. He, obeying him, made caves from the chasm ofPallenia below the sea and thus led him without getting wet untilEgypt.Hercules, passing throughThrace and wrestling, killedTmolus andTelegonus, which, learning, their father does not laugh, because they were his children, but because they were murderers of strangers, he does not even cry. The truth is this: not bearing their murder of strangers,Proteus threw himself down some chasm ofPallenia and being killed, he neither cries nor laughs. The rest were sketched into a myth.

§ 125  "MountEpytus" a mountain ofThrace, becauseProteus, grieving for the murder of his children, climbing this mountain, implored the gods to restore him toEgypt (61 20). And "sending" the prayers to his "father"Poseidon, which he heard, to "establish" him "returning" and retreating "to" the "homeland" that isEgypt "from where" fromEgypt formerly "wandering" and wandering he entered into "Pallenia" andPellene the "nurse" of theGiants, as we said.

§ 126  Pallene is a city ofThrace from whichProteus comes, asLycophron, the author ofAlexandra, says. TheGiants are called "earth-born" because they sprouted from the earth.

§ 128  "ThatGuneus will deprive you": the following is thus: "ThatProteus, likeGuneus, the worker ofJustice, will deprive you of the marriage to your co-wifeHelen. ThisGuneus was of Arab descent and very just, who once, due to his justice, reconciled thePhoenicians andBabylonians who were in conflict, having been sent bySemiramis. Indeed, he comparesProteus to thisGuneus, as justly takingHelen away fromAlexander.

§ 129  Ichnaia isThemis; for she was pursued byZeus and caught in the places of the Ichnaeans. Or she was named from being pursued "in tracks". Steph.Ichnae, the daughter of theSun, isThemis, because she too oversees everything and hears everything. Hence also Ichnaia, because she follows the tracks of men, like the sun. Or because she illuminates those who have acquired her. Ichnaia isThemis and the daughter of theSun, because she too oversees everything and hears everything.

§ 131  "Desiring" the prostitute or the young and the procreation, separating you from the dove; he is talking aboutHelen. "I desire" is the meaning of "lipto". "Cassa" is the prostitute, the inferior one.

§ 132  "He who is ofLycus" - having said above thatProteus justly tookHelen fromAlexander, he now speaks ofAlexander's injustice and says that you, not respecting theSpartans who honored the tombs of our relativesLycus andChimaireos according to the oracle, nor the loves ofAntheus, whom you killed and were saved byMenelaus, nor the salt that is shared with strangers - for they used to have salt on their tables as a symbol of hospitality - you persisted in sinning against the justice of the gods and chose to takeHelen. He refers to the justice of the fabled godsHera,Athena, andAphrodite because of the apple. The story aboutLycus andChimaireos is as follows: once a plague struck theSpartans and they needed help, God commanded them to honor the tombs ofLycus andChimaireos; these were the sons ofPrometheus andCelaeno, the daughter ofAtlas. TheSpartans sentMenelaus to fulfill the oracle. When he came toTroy, he was hosted byAlexander. There was a son ofAntenor calledAntheus, who was very handsome, and bothDeiphobus andAlexander were in love with him. It happened that the boy was accidentally killed byAlexander. Fearing for the city, he left withMenelaus and went toSparta, where he became infatuated withHelen, whom he also abducted. The story is as follows: these were the sons ofPrometheus andCelaeno the daughter ofAtlas, and they were buried inTroy. When a plague struck theSpartans and they consulted the oracle, God said that the plague would not stop unless a nobleSpartan went toTroy and sacrificed at their tombs. So they sentMenelaus to fulfill the oracle. WhenMenelaus left and was making the sacrifice, he was hosted byAlexander.Alexander accidentally struck and killedAntheus, the handsome son ofAntenor, whom bothAlexander andDeiphobus loved, and fearing, he took him away withMenelaus toSparta and after sharing the customary salt at the guest table, he abductedHelen along with three talents of money and five chambermaidens, one of whom wasAethra, the mother ofTheseus, and after making the voyage throughSidon andEgypt, he returned toTroy after a whole year. He reproachesAlexander for doing harm toMenelaus instead of showing gratitude. The ancients used to put salt on the tables of their guests at the beginning symbolically, praying that, just as salt comes from two elements, watery and earthy, into one nature, that of salt, so these guests may come into one accord.

§ 135  "Aigaionos" ofPoseidon from the city inAigai ofAchaia and honored in theAegean Sea. TheAegean Sea was named because its waves are likegoats. "Hagniten" means "frozen", that is, the salt; forPoseidon is the overseer of the sea, from which the salts are formed, hence the "frozen". "Hagniten" because it purifies and cleanses, hence the proverb "the sea washes away all human evils" (Eur. J.. 1193) 5 "A meal for strangers" because according to custom, when they were dining with strangers, they served salt. "Hagniten frozen" the salt because it is placed at the beginning of the guest-friendships and purifies and cleanses those who are loved, or because the salty and sea water is naturally more purifying than the sweet, as it seems to others and not to me, or because it disappears. And the proverb: the sea washes away all human evils. "Frozen" because it has solidified from water; forPoseidon is the overseer of the sea, from which the salts are formed, hence the "frozen".

§ 136  "Aloitos" is the sinner EM 69 48 I say so "etles theon"; whoever you are, not respecting those who honored the tombs ofLycus andChimaireos - he speaks ofMenelaus and theLaconians with him - neither the love ofAntheus and this and this "etles" and you endured "the aloitos" and sinner "to step out" and trample the "justice" of the "gods" that is, you wrongedMenelaus who cleansed you of murder and entertained you by taking his wife. The rest write "dike" without the 'n' saying so (63 12); "Who" this and this doing "etles and aloitos" and sinner to appear that is, to become biased in the "justice" of the "gods" ofHera,Aphrodite andAthena. But this is full of folly; for after eating in the houses ofMenelaus,Alexander did not judge, but before.

§ 137  "Laxas trapezan"; he speaks of the table ofMenelaus. "Laxas trapezan" kicked like adonkey the table ofMenelaus that is, despising the existing laws and the customs that indicate not to harm the table companions and co-diners; for you, being entertained and having eaten with him, took away his wife. This comes from the verb lactizo, lactiso, the aorist elactisa and the participle lactisas and in syncope laxas and by the change of 'ks' to 'x' laxas. "And having upsetThemis" and having overturned the just. According to the myth,Themis is the goddess overseeing justice.

§ 138  They say thatAlexander, when he was exposed, was nursed by a bear in the mountains. "Nursed by a bear"; adopting the ways of a nursing bear, either by taking them on, for when animals nurse, they become more savage in the protection of their offspring. Or thus: having taken on the ways of the nursing bear, that is, appearing beastly and unjust towardsMenelaus. For they say that after the dream appeared toHecabe aboutAlexander,Priam gaveAlexander to his servantArchelaus to expose on MountIda. A bear nursed him for five days while he was exposed, thenArchelaus took him back and raised him as his own, naming himParis. Later, having defended his flocks from robbers, he was calledAlexander.

§ 139  "For you will strum"; therefore, because you have become unjust, "you will strum in vain" and you will move "for you will strum" from a proverb (Paroem. II 752 47) you will strike the strings in vain and you will touch not for food and gifts while playing the lyre. He hints at the fate of a man. "You will strum", you will strike, you will touch and play the lyre without food. Eg (×EM 817 14) "For you will strum"; therefore, because you have become unjust, "you will strum in vain" and you will move "the stroke of the strings" that is, the fate. The figure is solemn. It is said from a proverb of lyre players playing the lyre without food and without gifts, which is this: you strike the strings in vain. The ancients had a custom, asCallimachus (fr. 373) also reports, to go around the seas with lyres and sing praises.

§ 141  "And weeping for his country"; but you will come and arrive in your homeland,Troy, which was previously burned byHeracles because of the promise and the deception ofLaomedon'shorses.

§ 142  "An image in his hands"; holding the image ofHelen in your hands, whichProteus gave you to keepHelen.

§ 143  "Of the five-bedded"Helen; for five men married her:Theseus,Menelaus,Paris,Deiphobus, andAchilles in a dream. He callsHelen a five-bedded bacchant or thyad; for five men married her, firstTheseus who abducted her when she was seven years old, asDuris ofSamos says. But when he was defeated byPolydeuces andCastor, her own brothers, inAphidnae, a town ofAthens, she gave birth toIphigeneia, whomClytemnestra claims as her adopted daughter. So,Theseus wasHelen's first bridegroom, as we said, second wasMenelaus who legally took her by lot, third wasAlexander who abducted her, fourth afterAlexander's death wasDeiphobus,Alexander's brother, who distinguished himself in war and took her as a prize according to some, or by force according toEuripides. Fifth wasAchilles who, beforeDeiphobus, coupled with her in a dream, as they jest. "Thyad" is derived from the verb "to rush", and the bacchants were women who were sacred toDionysus, his attendants, who roamed the mountains with him, huntedlions and other beasts with their own hands, ate raw meat, and when they were thirsty, they struck the earth and rocks with their thyrsi, causing milk, honey, and wine to gush forth. They woreserpents coiled around their hair. "Pleuronian" is a local term for "ofArgos". ForPleuron is a city ofPeloponnese, andTherapne likewise, henceOrpheus andTryphiodorus callHelen "Therapnaean", but thisLycophron calls her "Pleuronian", andHomer calls her "Argive".

§ 144  "For the lame": the following thus: the lame "amnamoi" ofTethys, he means theFates, for the lame are "amnamoi" or in my opinion, the lame-making and harmfulFates are "amnamoi" and descendants ofTethys or the sea, who spun and apportioned the "eunasteras" ofHelen's "marriages", the "five-bridegroom bridal chambers" to share, "or the lame" are naturally lame or those who make lame, from the verb "to harm". They are said to be lame because they do not quickly come to men. "Amnamoi" are the descendants in theCyrenaic dialect, but properly "amnamoi" are the descendants oflambs. "Amnamoi are the descendants": properly, in theCyrenaic dialect, thelambs oflambs are called "amnamoi", that is, thelambs of rams; for before they grow horns they are called "amnamoi". He calls theFates daughters of the sea because of their wild and unchangeable nature. For these are daughters of Night according toHesiod, and this too is similar because the fated things come invisibly. There are threeFates,Clotho,Lachesis, andAtropos. And these names are formed from the notion of being spun, the lot to be drawn from what is fated for someone, and from being unturning and unchangeable.

§ 145  With the 'spindles' I am referring to the threads next to the distaff that I am working on. The 'pine' represents the living creature next to the pine tree, which signifies filth. The term 'long-lasting' and from it 'enduring' and 'endurance'. He refers to the sea as 'long-lasting' and 'ancient' because it was the first element according toPherecydes andThales.

§ 147  "Two indeed saw the snatchers and saw "wolves"; the "devoured" is a common phrase; he refers toTheseus andAlexander as snatchers and "wolves" and wingedeagles as "triorches" and "ophthalmias" and the sharpest-eyed he refers to the same. He mixes the unmixed, calling theeagles wingedwolves in imitation of the madCassandra.

§ 148  "Winged" because after seizing her with ships they fled, and the wings of the ships are the oars. Triorchos (Ar. Av. 1206) and triorches (ib. 1181) and morphnos (Omega 316) and melanostes and melas (sch. Phi 252) and haliaetos and perknos (Omega 316) are species ofeagles. "Winged triorches" either he called theeagles clear-eyed — a species of hawks †ophthalmobolous — orHelen being clear-eyed and deceiving men through her eyes. Or a species of hawk sharp-sighted and ophthalmobolous. "Ophthalmias" eithereagles "ophthalmias" and sharp-eyed — for they alone of other birds look against the rays of the sun — or snatchers of the "ophthalmias" either of clear-eyedHelen. But he first mentioned the lawful snatchers not preferring them, but according to the method of rhetorical skill as about to pass by their things, and to slow down with the hypothesis of the lawful bridegrooms just as alsoEphoros (Diod. I 9) the historian andDiodorus do starting first from the barbaric in passing and writing, but in the Greek later broadening the history. Otherwise: if the "ophthalmias" were said of theeagles, it indicates their sharp-sightedness; they say (Aristot. 1. 1.) for they test their young in this way: if indeed they look towards the sun sharp-sighted, judging these as their own they love them, if not sharp-sighted, they quickly throw these away as strangers; but if it were said ofHelen, he says the sharp-sighted and looking towards lust.

§ 149  "And from Plyne"; Plyne is aLibyan place. 〈"And from Carican rivers"〉 fromLacedaemon. For theCarians once inhabitedLacedaemon. Or Plyne is a place inLibya, from whereAtlas was, fromAtlas they sayMenelaus descended. ForSterope was the daughter ofAtlas, and ofSterope andHyperochus wasOenomaus, of whom wasHippodameia, and of her andPelops wasAtreus, of whomMenelaus andAgamemnon were from motherAerope ofCrete. "And from Plyne"Menelaus who was born from the root of those men, who were from the city of Plyne ofLibya and who were from the Carican rivers that is fromLacedaemon; for Caricus is also a river and a place ofLaconia †T. ForMenelaus was alsoLibyan andLaconian thus; Plyne is a city ofLibya, from where wasAtlas;Pleione andAtlas had seven daughters, one of whom was alsoSteropeSterope andHyperochus orHarpine the daughter ofAsopus andAres wasOenomaus,Oenomaus hadHippodameia, of whom andPelops wasAtreus who settled inLaconiaAtreus andAerope hadAgamemnon andMenelaus; butAerope was the daughter ofCatreus ofCrete hence he calledMenelaus "half-Cretan".

§ 150  "Half-Cretan barbarian": forMenelaus' mother,Aerope, was fromCrete, andPelops wasLydian, and theLydians are barbarians. Therefore, "half-Cretan barbarian". The "notArgive" (151) is from the common "not", neither "Epeian" nor "Argive". "Epeian, notArgive": some say that he was born inElis becauseOenomaus reigned there. So he says that he is neitherEpeian norArgive in the strict sense. But nowArgive stands forLacedaemonian, asHomer says "ArgiveHelen" (B 161). "Barbarian", becausePelops wasLydian according to some, andPaphlagonian according to others, and both theLydians and thePaphlagonians are barbarians. "Epeian, notArgive" I say thus: the "Epeian" is either theElean, the "not pure" and clear "Argive"; for theEleans are from a certain ancientEpeius. Others say thus: the not "Epeian" is eitherElean the "not pureArgive" in the "lineage", and they also say this figure is from the common, but it is not from the common, but synecdoche; for the figure from the common has the rendering in the first speech, but in the second it is taken from the common, like "I love you, since you also me", the "you love" is understood from the common; but synecdoche is opposite to the common; for in the second it has the rendering, in the first not having it rather as the "Epeian, not pureArgive". Behold the "not pureArgive" being second to the "Epeian" has the rendering, and we understand this also in the "Epeian" saying "Epeian, not pureArgive", just as it also has the said statement; for in the second it has the rendering; in the first not having it rather in the second it has it attached to the speech, but still we understand it also in the first. But the pure is from the clear-sighted someone is.

§ 152  "His grandfather":Tantalus, having invited the gods to a feast, sacrificed his sonPelops, so that they might eat, showing his hospitality. But they, knowing, refrained, onlyDemeter did not know because she was mad due to the abduction ofKore, hence taking the shoulder blade she ate it. But the gods, pitying him, threw him into a cauldron and restored him healthy and whole, and instead of the eaten shoulder blade they put an ivory bone, which happened to be a sign for the descendants ofPelops, just as the spear was for theSpartans. But this is the mythical part of the story, the truth we solve thus:Tantalus was pious and god-fearing and a priest and by his philanthropy he later told the mysteries of the gods to the uninitiated and was expelled from the priestly catalogue. His sonPelops, having fallen ill all over his body, was cut with incisions and cauterizations and various surgical operations and having barely become healthy, they said that he still had a remnant of the cauterizations and the incisions, the shoulder blade half-cut and gray and whitening due to the weakness of the flesh, as if the father, when the gods were entertained, had cut him, or such a fated disease had come to him - for fate is also a god - the father had cut him with the incisions of the doctors, then also with the cauterizations, by which he was also healed. But since some part of the shoulder blade had become rotten earth and was buried, hence it was gray and whitening, they mythologized thatDemeter had eaten this. "With jaws" means with jaw teeth. Ennaia and Herkyna andErinys.

§ 153  "Erinnys' Fence" is a name forDemeter. AndCallimachus callsDemeterErinnys, saying "ToErinnys ofTilphusa" (fr. 207). AndErinnys is said to either derive from the act of fulfilling curses or from dwelling in love and in the earth, as also the term Ennaia, or becauseErinnys, having been likened to, mingles withPoseidon and gives birth to thehorseAreion. Or thus: for they say that whenPoseidon fell in love with her, she herself transformed into ahorse and, having entered among a herd ofhorses, disturbed thehorses because a strangehorse suddenly appeared. So thehorse-keeper said: where does thisErinnys come from? Hence, Erinnys. But also theArcadians honor her in this way.Hercyna, the daughter ofTrophonius, established the goddess inLebadea ofBoeotia and named her after herself, Herkyna. The impulsive and enthusiasticThurian, they mock, because of the abduction ofKore. But the truth is, she wages war against all people and, like a sword-wielder, kills us; and if they call her "sword-bearing" it is because inBoeotiaDemeter is established holding a sword, hence they called her sword-bearing. The impulsive and enthusiasticThurian, they mock, because of the abduction ofKore.

§ 154  "Without flesh" means full of flesh. "Cutting into small pieces" means cutting into small pieces, from the less, as they say (EG 395 39) and from the verb 'till' meaning 'cut' and by the change of the diphthong into a monophthong. "Pharynx" — and "pharos" — instead of the throat. Eg (×EM 788 30 EO 116 20) "He buried her in a tomb": he buried her in the "tomb" symbolically instead of saying he ate. But now he calls her stomach a tomb. The "he buried" is long without the 'n' as ending in a part of speech; for it is a common syllable.

§ 155  "The shoulder bone" is the bone of the shoulder blade. Cartilage is softer than bone, but harder than a tendon. "Dining on" means eating.

§ 156  "Who indeed twice came of age": the following: "Zeus sent"Pelops to compete in the "rock of Molpis" and to killOenomaus who was killing his sons-in-law in the "murderous councils" of the "innocent"Myrtilus. "Murderous" becausePelops killedOenomaus, his father-in-law, with the councils ofMyrtilus. "Twice came of age" means revived. Eg (EM) says then that after the butchery ofPelops, the gods revived him. Eg (EM 279 15).

§ 157  "OfLaomedon" ofPoseidon; for he loved him and wanted to seize him. "Or of Naumedon" of the king of ships "or ofLamedon" of the sea, according to the interpretation.Zeus sentPelops fromLydia. Some heard "Erechtheus" ofPoseidon, others ofZeus. "Whom"Pelops "twice" in his prime and "fleeing" the rapacious "desire" of "Naumedon" or ofPoseidon, the ruler of ships — even if some have a transcription error of "Laomedon" — "Erechtheus"Zeus orPoseidon sent, from the verb erechtho, meaning to stir, saying "he sent" where? To the "Laetrinaeans" or the Laitrinaean "lands" or the places and fields so as to wage war and win and destroy the "son-in-law killer"Oenomaus. He says thatPelops came of age twice, since he first reached his natural age, and secondly, having been cut up and cooked, as they say, he was served to the gods and came of age again. After this serving,Poseidon fell in love with him, from whomPelops, having received wingedhorses along with the chariot, went toElis, defeated the suitor-killingOenomaus, and killed the twelve suitors who had been killed before. This is how he kills him:Hippodameia, the daughter ofOenomaus and Eurythoe, daughter ofDanaus, who was also loved by her own father and for this reason was not given in marriage as the more accurate historians write, was loved and byMyrtilus, who was her father's charioteer, and happened to be the son ofHermes andCleobule, daughter ofAeolus or Aipolus. This woman, seeing the handsomePelops after the killing of the twelve suitors, was seized by love for him and tellsMyrtilus to cooperate with the young man for the victory over her father. He, not inserting the nails into the hubs of the wheels, causedOenomaus to be defeated and killed byPelops in the race when the wheels fell off, or, as some say, instead of iron nails, he inserted wax ones into the axle of the chariot and thusPelops defeatedOenomaus. ForOenomaus gave to the suitorsHippodameia to have on their own chariots, setting the end of the race and the prize of the marriage theCorinthian isthmus, if they could reach it, while he himself, driving behind them with a spear, caught up with them and killed them. Then, being defeated in this way by deceit and being killed, he cursedMyrtilus, knowing the plot, so that he would be killed byPelops, which later happened. ForPelops, having takenHippodameia and passing through a certain place, departed when she was thirsty, in order to fetch her water. But whilePelops was away,Myrtilus attempted to force himself uponHippodameia. WhenPelops returned and heard this from her, as many say, he threwMyrtilus off the cape ofGeraistos. As he was dying,Myrtilus cursed the descendants ofPelops with terrible curses, which were later fulfilled, especially after the birth of the goldenlamb ofHermes in the flocks ofAtreus, due to the schemes ofMyrtilus' father, from which the terrible events of the tragedy arose. The placeGeraistos was named theMyrtoan Sea after the death ofMyrtilus there.Pelops, having gone to the Ocean and been purified byHephaestus, took over the kingdom ofPisa fromOenomaus and named thePelasgianApia, as it was called,Peloponnesus.

§ 157.59  Regarding the myth thatPoseidon fell in love withPelops after his purification,Pindar also says in a mythical way, "the earth-holder fell in love with him" and again he says fromPelops' perspective, "me, the daughter".Pindar says these things aboutPoseidon's love forPelops in a mythical way.Apollonius ofRhodes also speaks about the manner of the chariot race, writing "in it - to split". The idea thatPoseidon fell in love withPelops after his purification is either a suspicion or an allegory. ForPelops was previously, as we said, very sick and weak; but after he was purified, that is, he recovered and was healed, as we said,Poseidon, that is, he became spirited and brave; for they call the spirited and brave sons and lovers ofPoseidon.

§ 157.80  The chariot given to him byPoseidon was a ship with winged blades, with which he departed and, having his own chariot in it, he went out and defeatedOenomaus. But, my friend, do not stir upTzetzes' mind by saying to write everything more broadly; for instead of clarity, he will create obscurity with the multitude, detailing every story and applying allegory in myths not allegorized byLycophron. "A rapturous desire", since, as he says in a mythical way,Poseidon, having fallen in love, seized him.

§ 158  Poseidon orZeus sent "Erechtheus", from the verb erechtho meaning to stir, toLaetrina, which is a place inElis.Zeus sent him, either fate or the sea, alsoPoseidon, to wage war againstOenomaus. He sent him fromLydia or fromPaphlagonia according to some. "Limbs": the word limb, even if it has an added i, is still short due to the comparison of the vowels and the gaping; for all such syllables are common.

§ 159  Run on the smooth, wide and broad side of the 'Molpis Rock',Elis.

§ 160  "WhenZeus was feasting"; during a drought inElis, they were instructed to sacrifice a noble child to end the drought. They willingly sacrificed a certainMolpis, and immediately rain fell. TheEleans made a sanctuary toZeus the Rain-bringer, in which stands a statue ofMolpis. For a certain nobleElean namedMolpis, during a drought in Elin, having heard from an oracle that the drought would end with the sacrifice of a noble youth toZeus, offered himself for sacrifice, and immediately after the sacrifice, rain poured. TheEleans made a sanctuary toZeusOmbrios (Rain-bringer), in which stands also a statue ofMolpis. Therefore, he callsElis the "Rock of Molpis", whereOenomaus competed with the suitors of his daughterHippodameia and, defeating them, killed them. So,Pelops came and competed, defeatedOenomaus, and wonHippodameia. Therefore, he callsElis the "Molpidos Rock", whereOenomaus competed with the suitors of his daughterHippodameia and, defeating them, was about to build a temple from their skulls, just asAntaeus,Euenos,Phorbas,Diomedes the Thracian, andCycnus, who was killed byHerakles, did.

§ 161  "Son-in-law killer"; forPelops defeatedOenomaus by the treachery ofHippodameia andMyrtilos, who made the wheels of his chariot fall off in the race by removing the iron linchpins that were outside and holding the wheels from coming off in the race. "Son-in-law killer who destroyed"Oenomaus. But he callsOenomaus "son-in-law killer" because he killed the suitors of his daughter. And a son-in-law killer is one who kills his sons-in-law, but a son-in-law killed is one who is killed by a son-in-law. And similarly for father-in-law killer and father-in-law killed and the rest. For all such words can take two accents, the active ones the acute accent like the son-in-law killer who kills his sons-in-law, and the passive ones the circumflex accent like the son-in-law killed who is killed by a son-in-law.

§ 162  Hermes is called Cadmilos by theTyrsenians. Cram. AP IV 21 24 †EG 290 23

§ 162  "He prepared. But the last";Lycophron jests at the last cup. So he says the last "cup" of "Nereus" instead of the last drink of the sea, having drunk "or the last cup ofNereus" he dived into the so-calledMyrtoan sea. The following can be read in two ways, both "Nereus' graves" and "cup". "Cadmilos";Hermes is called Cadmilos inBoeotian, whose son was alsoMyrtilos, the charioteer ofOenomaus. "He prepared" means he made. I have told the story in detail earlier. "But the last cup ofNereus he drank and dived" and he swam into the "graves" of "Nereus" the "famous" or into theMyrtoan sea, as I said. The figure of speech is a jest and a witticism.Nereus is mythically a sea deity, the father of theNereids, daughters ofDoris andOceanus, but allegoricallyNereus is the sea, from the verb necho (to swim).

§ 165  "Stain" means pollution, filth. The phrase "all-destroying stain" refers to the curse thatMyrtilos cast on the lineage ofHippodameia because he was thrown into the sea for being in love with her, asEuripides says in theOrestes (990).Myrtilos was the charioteer ofOenomaus, and Psylla was the name of ahorse. "All-destroying stain" was said because, being thrown into the sea, he cursed the lineage ofHippodameia and ofPelops. "Thouxas" primarily means "he who played the syrinx", but now it means "he who cursed". Psylla and Harpinna (167) were thehorses ofOenomaus, of whichMyrtilos was the charioteer. "Equal to harpies with their claws" is a bad use of the part for the whole; he should have said "equal to harpies with their feet".Harpies are mythically some kind of demons,Aello,Ocypete, andCelaeno, sisters ofIris and daughters ofThaumas andElectra, the daughter ofOceanus.Harpies are also said to be certain predatory birds, hence they mythologized the daughters ofPhineus,Eraseia andHarpyreia, to be birds snatching food from the old man's mouth. Allegorically, harpies are the winds, as they are now, from the act of flying in the air. "Equal" has a long "i" elsewhere, but here it is short. But if it is accepted as long, the verse is not flawed, but has the so-called lame iambic meter. For the iambic meter, like the heroic, has various afflictions.

§ 168  "And the fourth one": After the death ofAlexander,Helen marriedDeiphobus. So he says thatDeiphobus took the second place in the war. ForHector had the first place, and this one was the best ofPriam's sons after him. "Of the war-causer" refers toHelen; that's why he said "of the wrestling", since the war was caused because of her; and he is the second to marryHelen afterAlexander. "And the fourth one" will see the "blood-related" groom and the brother of the "falcon" and the hawk of the "waterfall" and the killer ofHector; he is talking aboutDeiphobus: "whom" they will "proclaim" and praise "having taken the second place of the war-causer" in wrestling. And some say that "war-causer" wrestling meansHelen, instead of: because of whom many fell into mistakes and misfortunes. But I say that the stumbling and falling wrestling moves of the war are like instead of: whom they will proclaimDeiphobus to have the second place in the war wrestling moves afterHector. And this is a lie of the poet; for afterHector,Troilus,Hector's brother, and notDeiphobus, was second in the war. Or so, that he himself is the second to marryHelen afterAlexander. Or perhaps it is also appropriate to callHelen the "war-causer" wrestling, andAlexander the "falcon", the "waterfall" and the "snatcher"; for afterPhiloctetes was brought fromLemnos and shot and killedAlexander,Deiphobus marriedHelen, orPriam himself set her as a prize for the one who excelled in war and he himself took her as having excelled, as others say, or he alone took her away, asEuripides says in theTroades (seqq. 959. 960).

§ 171  "And on the fifth day, he will send him to the idol-maker," and with his body "from dreams he will be spun" - that is, he will make him move and suffer in dreams, seeing a phantom of herself, as if he were having intercourse with her. He is referring toAchilles.

§ 172  "From dreams, the fifth one spun," he says ofAchilles; for he mingled with her in a dream. 5 "Spun" instead of "disturbed."

§ 173  "With his speech" now with his whole body, but specifically with his face, because it is easier for the character of the soul to appear through it.

§ 174  "The bridegroom to be"; for they tell a tale that after death,Achilles tookMedeia, the daughter ofAietes, in theislands of the blessed. "The bridegroom to be"Achilles, who is about to marryMedeia inHades. For they tell a tale that he married her in theislands of the blessed, she being the daughter ofAietes andEidyia, the daughter ofOceanus.Medeia is from Kytai; for Kytai is a city inColchis. Kytai is a city inColchis, hence he called her Kytaike. TheColchians areIndianScythians, also called Lazoi, living near the Abasgoi, who were formerlyMassagetai, whose drugs theColchians use daily.Aietes came to theColchians, not being pleased with the kingdom ofCorinth. ForAietes andAloeus are sons ofHelios andPerse, the daughter ofOceanus.Helios divided the kingdom among his sons, givingArcadia toAloeus,Corinth toAietes.Aietes, not being pleased withCorinth, entrusted it to Bounos, the son ofHermes and a nymph, and he himself went to theColchians, instructing Bounos to guard the kingdom ofCorinth, until either he himself or one of his descendants should arrive. InColchis,Aietes marriedEidyia, the daughter ofOceanus, in the city of Kytai, and fatheredMedeia andApsyrtos. The sisters ofAietes andAloeus, or daughters ofHelios, areCirce andPasiphae, and according to others (Mal. p. 153) alsoCalypso. Regarding the division of the kingdom ofHelios to his sonsAietes andAloeus,Theopompos ofChios makes mention of the historian and poetEumelus ofCorinth, saying: "But when — the earth". Note that most historians (κ 139 c. sch.) say thatAietes andAloeus are the sons ofPerse andHelios, but thisEumelos says they are the sons ofAntiope andHelios. Otherwise: this is told in two ways. For some say thatAchilles, having mingled withHelen in a dream, desired to see her, having erotic feelings from the dream, and asked her to come to the wall, so that he could see her; so theTrojans, being persuaded, brought her to the wall, and he, seeing her, felt even more love for her. Others say that, seeing her for the first time on the wall, he was seized with love and asked his mother to help him to have intercourse with her. She made it seem in a dream that he was having intercourse with her and so he was comforted. "But the one who creates images" will be consumed by her beauty and his love for her in dreams.

§ 175  Xenobakche was driven to Bacchic madness and killed her own brotherApsyrtos. "Xenobakche" means ofMedea, because she fell in love with the strangerJason; driven to madness, she cut her brotherApsyrtos into pieces. The story is found inApollonius ofRhodes, andPindar also mentions it, saying in P. IV 125 "the oracle" - 127 "unbending". The breadth of the story according toPherecydes and others (sch. Pind. P. IV 133) is as follows:Tyro, the daughter ofSalmoneus andAlcidice, was raised byCretheus, the brother ofSalmoneus.Poseidon, having mingled with her, begets the twinsPelias andNeleus, whom the mother exposes tohorse-keepers. Having been raised, they recognized their mother and killed their stepmotherSidero, even though she had fled to the sanctuary ofHera.Neleus, having quarreled withPelias, went toMessenia and foundedPylos.Pelias, living inThessaly, had children withAnaxibia the daughter ofBias, orPhilomache, the daughter ofAmphion:Acastus,Peisidice,Pelopia,Hippothoe,Alcestis.Cretheus, having foundedIolcus, begets fromTyro, his niece,Aeson,Amythaon,Pheres. AfterCretheus,Pelias reigned overIolcus, to whom the oracle was that he would die by one of the descendants ofAeolus, one of whom wasJason, the son ofAeson andPolymede, the daughter ofAutolycus. Therefore,Pelias was about to kill all the descendants ofAeolus, and he was also about to killJason, who was still an infant, as a descendant ofAeolus, but his relatives, having kept watch over him during a deep night, put him in a coffin with tears and led him out as if he were dead. Having brought him to the cave ofChiron, they gave him to be raised and educated, asPindar also says (196). Having grown in age, he came down from the cave and, according toApollonius and the others (sch. Pind. 133), he was plowing around theAnaurus river.Pelias, having received another oracle, heard to beware of a man with one sandal, asPindar also says "keep the one-sandaled man in great custody" (133). Having learned this oracle, he sacrificed toPoseidon, called everyone to the sacrifice, and sawJason with one sandal; for crossing theAnaurus river "one sandal was washed away in the mud, and he left the other there, stuck in the streams", asApollonius says. Seeing him with one sandal,Pelias asked him: "What would you do if there was an oracle that you should be killed by someone?" Guided by the advice ofHera, he replied: "I would send him to fetch theGolden Fleece." ThisGolden Fleece was from a ram, which had carriedPhrixus toColchis. There, as they say, he sacrificed it to PhyxianZeus and hung it on a tree in the grove ofAres. A dragon, as large as a fifty-oared ship in length and thickness, asPindar says, guarded it (436). So, according to his own judgment,Pelias orderedJason to go and fetch the fleece.Jason, boarding theArgo, which had the most articulate beam made from theDodonaean oak, and taking with him other men, fifty in total, sailed toColchis and askedAeetes to give them the fleece.Aeetes said he would give it, if they could yoke the fire-breathingbulls ofHephaestus and sow the dragon's teeth, whichAeetes himself had, given to him byAthena from those sown byCadmus inThebes.Medea, the daughter ofAeetes, fell in love withJason. She anointed him with potions and protected him from the fire of thebulls. She led him by night to the fleece, enchanted the dragon, took it, and sailed with theArgonauts, taking her brotherApsyrtus with her. AsAeetes pursued them, she cutApsyrtus into pieces and threw him into the sea.Aeetes, collecting his son's pieces, fell behind in the pursuit, then sent theColchians after them. They passed theEridanus, the Syrtis islands, and theSirens whileOrpheus played his lyre; onlyButes went out to them. After theSirens, they passedCharybdis, the blue cliffs ofScylla, andThetis guided them through at the request ofHera. They passedThrinacia, which had thecattle ofHelios, and came to Phaeacia, to KingAlcinous. Of theColchians who pursued them, some settled in theKeraunian mountains, others inIllyria and theApsyrtides islands, and some in Phaeacia.Arete marriedJason andMedea and gave them twelve maidservants. They passedCrete,Aegina,Euboea, andLocris and reachedIolcus, completing the entire voyage in four months.Pelias, having learned of the arrival of theArgonauts, wanted to killAeson, who drank the blood of abull while sacrificing and died.Jason's mother hanged herself, leaving behind her infant sonPromachus.Pelias also killed him. AndJason, having given the fleece to Isthmus, sailed and dedicated theArgo toPoseidon. He urgedMedea to go toPelias because of the murder of his relatives. She boiled a ram and made it alamb, and the daughters ofPelias, wanting to do the same, killedPelias.Akastos pursuedMedea andJason, and they spent a year inCorinth.Jason, takingGlauce, the daughter ofCreon, greatly upsetMedea, who killedGlauce with potions, as well asCreon and her own children,Mermeros andPheres, with a sword. She then left forAthens on a chariot drawn by winged dragons, marriedAegeus, the son ofPandion, and gave birth toMedus. Later, after plotting againstTheseus, she was expelled from her homeland with her son, who, having conquered the barbarians, named the land after himself,Media, and died while campaigning inIndia.Medea, unknown, came to theColchians and gave the kingdom back to her father, having killedPerses, her brother, who had expelled him from the kingdom. Thus, many historians say that the voyage of theArgonauts toColchis happened becauseJason toldPelias that, if he knew I was going to kill him, I would have sent him to bring me the golden fleece, andPelias, according to his own judgment, ordered him to bring it.Pindar (P IV) says thatJason, having descended from the cave ofChiron and having been recognized by his father and relatives, feasted and dined with them, then quickly went toPelias and asked for the kingdom of his ancestors in the midst of a large crowd.Pelias promised to give it to him, first telling him to go toColchis and recall the soul ofPhrixus three times according to the law; for he said he was disturbed by nightly fears because ofPhrixus. If you go, he says, and do this and bring the fleece - for you are young, and I am old - I give you the kingdom. He said this, hoping that he would be killed by the dragon when he left. The words ofPindar are as follows: 150 "He stood" - 152 "crowd" and a little later he says 261 "not - to cut down. The fugitive ofOenone";Zeus hadAegina, the daughter ofAsopus, in his bed in a place calledPhlious. WhenSisyphus toldAsopus aboutZeus's affair,Asopus hurried to learn the truth.Zeus, knowing this, changed her into an eponymous island, and gaveSisyphus a punishment inHades to carry a large stone. WhenAegina gave birth toAeacus and because he was alone on the island and was unhappy, he prayed toZeus to change the ants there into men, which happened.

§ 175bis  "WhomOenone once..."Oenone was the name ofAigina, from whichPeleus fled after murdering his own brotherPhocus. Once, whenAeacus prayed, ants turned into men, hence they are called Myrmidons. Others say about the ants thatPeleus, after killing his own brother, fled and arrived inThessaly, where he lacked an army. After praying toZeus, the ants were transformed into men, hence they are called Myrmidons. "Exile" refers toPeleus; forAeacus andEndeis had sonsTelamon andPeleus, and their brotherPhocus was born fromPsamathe, one of theNereids.Peleus struckPhocus with a discus in the gymnasium, andTelamon struck him with a sword in the back, killing him. Hence, they were driven fromAigina byAeacus.Telamon then inhabited the island ofSalamis; forCychreus, the son ofPoseidon andSalamis, the daughter ofAsopos, after killing asnake that was ravaging the island, became its king. Dying childless, he left the kingdom toTelamon, who had fled to him.Peleus, according toPherekydes, was purified byEurytus, the son of Actor, whose daughterAntigone he took. After she was hanged, he went toPhthia and, takingThetis, lived inPharsalos andThetideion, a city named afterThetis, according toPhylarchos, because she, having armed herself, fledHephaistos and, not fulfilling his love, was struck on the foot by his hammer. Coming toThessaly, she healed herself in the place named after her,Thetideion. According toEuripides,Thetis, pursued byPeleus, transformed herself, likeProteus, into various forms. There, he caught her in the form of a cuttlefish and mated with her, hence the place inMagnesia ofThessaly is calledSepias. Thus, he callsPeleus an exile ofOenone, orAigina; forAigina was first calledOenone, fromOenone, the daughter ofBoudion, asPythainetos says in the first book of theAiginetans.Aigina was renamed, as everyone says, fromAigina, the daughter ofAsopus. Because of the murder ofPhocus, his motherPsamathe made a greatwolf to destroy thecattle ofPeleus, which she again turned to stone at the request ofThetis. Others say thatThetis turned thiswolf to stone as it was eating thecattle, whichPeleus was sending as compensation toAcastus forActor, his son, whom he had unintentionally killed in a hunt. Others say thatPeleus hadPolymele, the daughter ofActor, as a wife beforeThetis. Her brother wasIrus, whose sonEurytion, one of theArgonauts,Peleus unintentionally killed in a hunt.

§ 176  "Ants"; they jest thatAeacus, born toZeus fromAigina, was left alone on the island ofAigina that came from him. He askedZeus, who made the ants into men, asHesiod says in his heroic genealogy. These jests and myths are reported byTheogenes, the historian, in his work aboutAigina. He says that when the island was underpopulated, the people lived in caves, unadorned, and stored their harvested crops in the caves, carrying the dug-up soil to their farms as the island was lacking in soil, especially in the plains.Aeacus came with some people fromPeloponnesus, settled the island, and civilized it, teaching everything about war and, in general, all the things that people use. Hence, they invented the story thatZeus, to do a favor toAeacus, turned the ants of the island ofAigina into men. That is, the fate and the mind ofAeacus - forZeus is also called fate and mind - transformed them and adjusted them to act like humans in all their deeds. ThisAigina is one of theSporades islands, located oppositeAttica, a colony, as I said, originally belonging to theArgives.Aeacus came with theLacedaemonians and settled there, and afterAeacus' death, Triakon ofArgos came with a multitude and settled inAigina. TheArgives are of theDorian race. "Hexapezon" means "hexapoun". So, it does not say thatPeleus made men out of ants, but that those who were made men by his father, he made them brave in power; for "androzas" means "made brave" (cf. 943). "Androzas" refers toAeacus in the mythical sense of "made men", but now refers toPeleus as "made soldiers and brave".

§ 177  "Typhon"; he refers toAchilles asTyphon because of the hero's bravery. "Pelasgian":Inachos, son ofOceanus andTethys,Phoroneus andAegialeus, childless sons ofInachos andMelia daughter ofOceanus, from whom the land is calledAegialeia.Phoroneus, ruling overPeloponnesus, from his wifeTeledice, gives birth toApis andNiobe.Apis, living tyrannically, is killed byThelxion and Telchis; from him the land ofPeloponnesus is also calledApia.Argos, son ofNiobe, sister ofApis, andZeus, from whom the land is named, and according toAcusilaus,Pelasgos along withArgos, from whom the land fromPeloponnesus, also calledApia, was namedPelasgia up toPharsalia andLarissa.Achilles was called "Pelasgian" as being fromPharsalia.Typhon, a hundred-headed demon, fought and was struck byZeus's lightning, as they say in myth.Pindar says "of hundred-headedTyphon, the violent" (O IV 12),Aeschylus again says about him "with dreadful — flash". It is allegorically interpreted:Typhon is the delusion and vanity having a hundred heads, that is, many ways of arrogance. It is struck by lightning, inflamed, and thrown down byZeus, that is, by the prudent reasoning. OrTyphon is elementally the violent movement of spirits and combustion after the dissolution ofChaos andErebus, which was restrained and ceased byZeus, that is, by the powerful air and sky; for after the sky was strengthened and established in order, the typhonic and fiery spirits were restrained. Since in hollow and fissured places, especially inSicily, smoke appears during the day, and at the time of night, fire breaking and rolling the rocks of the mountain into the sea — if the water is coming out from the fissured and porous places of the earth, making its exit with force and being squeezed out, it makes the hot baths, if it is air or spirit, being drier and more porous of such places, it cuts and crushes them in the process of coming out and thus makes the fire and the smoke coming out from there fiery — they mythologized that inSicilyZeus tartarizedTyphon, others inLydia, others inCilicia and others inPhrygia; and others say that he was tartarized inBoeotia.Artemon the historian says, as I do, that every mountain having an emission is burned byTyphon, to which all the stories converge of those who mythically say in different places thatTyphon was tartarized. ThePelasgian callsAchilles "Typhon" or a demon or a fiery-breathing monster because of his terrifying and brave nature and his unstoppable strength. But, my friend, you are moving thehorse onto the field of history, beggingTzetzes to expand, but instead of clarity, I will rather create obscurity with the breadth of the histories; for with God's help, we have become more historical than the much-studiedAlexander,Apollodorus, the very learnedRheginus,Artemon ofPergamon, Cassander ofSalamis, and the rest of the historians, and we know how to allegorize and surpassCornutus,Palaephatus,Domninus,Cephalion,Heraclitus, and the others, who either borrowed from elsewhere or wrote allegories themselves. For they either allegorized unsuccessfully or very little, likePhicules ofCorinth, but we have learned from ourselves both to allegorize broadly and appropriately and to elaborate on the breadth of history. But let us be, man, and do not bother us to write more broadly, lest we become more confused, nor to allegorize in myths that are not allegorized byLycophron. "Is born" isAttic for "gives birth", the passive instead of the active.

§ 178  "From seven children"; thisLycophron either does not know where he found or is fabricating this, for "from seven children" is said becauseThetis had seven male children fromPeleus and she threw six of them into the fire and killed them as unworthy of herself, but she was watched and prevented when it came toAchilles. "From seven children"; thisLycophron either does not know where he found or is fabricating this, he says thatThetis bore seven male children fromPeleus and she threw six of them into the fire and killed them as unworthy of herself, but she was watched and prevented when it came toAchilles.Pindar (J VIII 60) says thatPoseidon andApollo quarreled over the marriage ofThetis, but they were prevented byThemis according to some historians, and byPrometheus according toAeschylus; for he says "or — father's" (Prom. 766).Apollodorus (III 168) says that onlyZeus andPoseidon quarreled over the marriage ofThetis, and thatThetis, having been raised byHera, did not want to be withZeus, which angeredZeus and he married her to a mortal. By the advice ofChiron,Peleus managed to hold her while she transformed herself into various forms and he mated with her in the form of a cuttlefish (85 5) and the wedding ofPeleus took place inPelion and the gods gave gifts,Poseidon gave thehorsesXanthus andBalius,Hephaestus a sword, and the others different things.Thetis, having given birth to the one previously called Liguron according toApollodorus, later renamedAchilles because he was given toChiron and raised separately from common food, she would throw him into the fire in the evening, and in the day she would anoint him with ambrosia wanting to make him immortal. But whenPeleus saw her throwing him into the fire and cried out, she retreated to theNereids, andPeleus gave the child toChiron to be raised. And this is whatApollodorus says.Agamestor ofPharsalus says thatAchilles was first called Pyrisous in the Epithalamium ofThetis, then he was namedAchilles in such a way, as his words will show: "She named the child Pyrisous, butPeleus called himAchilles, because he took him lying in the dust, in the fire, he wiped off the burning lip without a word from another".Euripides (Andr. 1265) says once thatPeleus mated withThetis in Sepia and others (sch.r ib.) agree with him. "Fepsalo" means fire, which one avoids touching and approaching "spodoumenon" elsewhere means being beaten, now it means being burned "Mounon" instead of "monon" ionically "exalyxanta" means escaped "spodon" elsewhere means the dripping, now it means fire and burning.

§ 180  "And so,"Alexander, having seizedHelen, returned again toTroy like a child who has stirred up a nest of deadlywasps with smoke and provoked them. "And so," is anAttic contraction of 'and he'; the 'a' and the 'o' are combined into a large 'ω', and the 'i' was expelled and placed above.

§ 181  "Deadlywasps" means excessively murderous. And "black." "Deadlywasps" means murderous; he is referring to the Greeks. Forwasps are disturbed by smoke. The burrows ofsnakes,wasps,bees, and any other such animal like a mole and the like are called burrows. A burrow is made from the word 'χῶ' (I make room) and from it comes the word burrow, the den and the burrow ofsnakes,wasps,bees, and any other such animal like a mole and the like. "Burrow" means a dive.

§ 182  "House" now means the den. "And they, in turn, will sacrifice the first-born;" the "raw-eaters," Greeks, will "sacrifice"Iphigenia, the "first-born," either the mother who gave birth toNeoptolemus before her sacrifice, or the ancestor of "woe-named" - that is,Alexander; for 'οὐλὰς' means barley. AndAlexander, they say, was raised in a pouch, hence they say he is called 'pouch-named' / 'barley-named'. But this is nonsense; he should have said 'pouch-named' or 'sack-named', not 'barley-named'.

§ 183  "And they, in turn, the first-born mother" refers to the one who first gave birth toNeoptolemus, the eponym of the war. "Of the ill-fated" refers toNeoptolemus. He callsIphigenia the "first-born mother" because, according to some,Pyrrhus was born from her andAchilles. After her sacrifice,Achilles entrusted his son toDeidamia inScyros. Therefore,Iphigenia is the first-born mother ofPyrrhus. Others, however, say that it is written "of the ill-fated" to indicateParis. The word "oulas" means a pouch; therefore,Paris, also known asAlexander, was named so because the shepherds found him abandoned in a pouch. As mentioned, "oulas" means a pouch. "First-born mother": according to some (supr. 14),Neoptolemus was born fromIphigenia andAchilles, but after the sacrifice ofIphigenia on theEuripus, asPindar says "Iphigenia sacrificed on theEuripus" (P XI 36),Achilles, as some say, entrusted his son toDeidamia on the island ofScyros.Tryphiodorus and all the others knowNeoptolemus as the son ofDeidamia, the daughter ofLycomedes, andAchilles; forTryphiodorus says thus "son — ofDeidamia" (52). According to the precise historians,Achilles did not haveIphigenia as a wife, but when the winds were detained as the Greeks were sailing inAulis, the Greeks sent toMycenae to fetchIphigenia for a sacrifice. WhenClytemnestra asked why they needed her, they said: they are going to marry her toAchilles. Those who tell the truth say that she was brought toAulis because ofAchilles; because of the incident with the winds, they were going to sacrifice her. ButArtemis, taking pity on her, according to the historianPhanodemus, transformed her into a bear, according toNicander into abull, according to others into an old woman (Al. 196), according to others into a deer. All these are mythical nonsense, but the truth is as follows: whenIphigenia was presented for the sacrifice and was about to be sacrificed, a bear or abull or an old woman or a deer ran through the middle of the Greek army and was killed according to the seer's instructions.Iphigenia, having been saved, fled to theScythians and became a temple servant ofArtemis and killed all the Greeks who came there. Some, likeDuris, say that thisIphigenia, not the daughter ofAgamemnon, but born fromHelen byTheseus, was adopted as a daughter byClytemnestra, as I said earlier (54 13). Others do not say thatIphigenia is the daughter of eitherHelen orClytemnestra, but they claim that she is the child ofChryseis andAgamemnon, born along withChryses. After the destruction ofTroy, during the return of the Greeks,Chryses was in the so-calledChrysopolis because the TaurianScythians had captured his sisterIphigenia and made her a priestess ofArtemis or the moon.Iphigenia is the ancestor ofParis instead of the progenitor, as if someone would say thatChrysothemis, who was born toClytemnestra from her previous husband, is the ancestor ofAegisthus. According to some,Iphigenia is the daughter ofHelen, asLycophron himself says "orphaned from two doves". It is not unlikely thatIphigenia, while being sacrificed, ran away as a deer and the Greeks killed her, but let the daughter go; for the RomanLupercalia savedJulia in the same way: while she was being sacrificed, aneagle swooped down from the priest of the people, snatched the sword and threw it at acow grazing near the temple, which they then sacrificed instead of her. You are not unaware of the ram tied in the bush instead ofIsaac.

§ 184  "Byktais" refers to strong and echoing winds, from the verb "to dive" and "to hide" the boats. "Byktaisi" primarily refers to the strong winds that dive, hide, and sink the boats, but now it simply means winds. The following: The Greeks, having sacrificedIphigenia, "prepare" a solid prayer. "Chernipsousi" means they will sacrifice; from the metaphor of the hand-washing, he called the sacrifice a hand-washing as if it purifies. "Porin" means acow; he is referring toIphigenia. But "porrin" should be written with two 'rr'; for "portis" was a word and by changing 't' to 'r' it became "porris". ThisLycophron does not do such things out of poetic license, but out of a myriad of such things. And yet, even with a short syllable, the verse was flawless; for it is part of the iambic and the so-called limping iambic, which is what this is with the two 'rr'.

§ 185  "Skyrian dragon" refers toNeoptolemus because of his murderous and bloodthirsty nature; for according to some,Neoptolemus was raised only inSkyros (90 13), but according to me, he was also born there fromDeidamia, the daughter ofLycomedes.Skyros is one of theCyclades islands.

§ 186  "The one he slept with," they say that afterIphigeneia was snatched byArtemis,Achilles heard that she was inScythia and set out to find her. Not finding her, he settled near theWhite Island, which is in theBlack Sea. TheWhite Island in thePontus is so named because of the multitude of white birds that live there. Otherwise, this is the meaning:Achilles, her lover, seeking her, will live for a long time on the so-calledWhite Island, also known as Spilos — this island is near the mouths of the rivers of theCeltic lake — longing for his bride, whom once a deer saved from the swords. "Salmydessias" is a river inThrace that flows into theBlack Sea, from which it got its name [according toLycophron]. "Salmydessias" is a river inThrace that flows into theBlack Sea, hence the Salmydessian sea from Damalis to the whole of theBlack Sea.

§ 187  "Searching" means groping, feeling, in Aeolic compression of the 's'. "Slayer of Hellas" I have said before (76 13b) that such words can have two accents, the active ones have the acute accent, the passive ones have the circumflex accent or the active ones have the acute accent, the passive ones have the circumflex accent, for example, tomós (the cutter), tómos (the cut). But "Slayer ofHellas" means the one who was beheaded inAulis fromHellas, or actively the one who beheads the Greeks, "the beheaded ofHellas" the one who is about to be beheaded by the Greeks, or "the beheaded ofHellas" the one who kills the Greeks inScythia because of her xenocide inTauris. For such words can have two accents, or the passive ones have the circumflex accent, the active ones have the proparoxytone accent, for example, boupléges (those hit byoxen), boupleges (those who hitoxen).

§ 188  "Long" but "will inhabit Spilos, whitening" for a long time the so-calledWhite Island 'will inhabit' (93 9). Spilos is said to be an island. "Whitening" theWhite Island of theBlack Sea or the one whitened by the foam of the waves or according toDionysius the Periegete (544), because many white animals inhabit it, seagulls, swans, and storks. "Spilos" a speckled island. But Keltron is the name of a lake that flows into theBlack Sea. In some books "Lektron"; it is the name of a river that flows into theBlack Sea. (un. a int. lin.).

§ 192  "Deep within the chasm": InScythia, there is a beach extending to a length of 500 stadia, which is calledAchilles' racecourse becauseAchilles alone ran there and crossed it. It has been common for a long time. "Deep" will be called "deserted racecourse" of the "bridegroom", or ofAchilles in that place, which he crossed running. "Deserted" is said because he ran in vain. TheAchilles' racecourse was named for such a reason: WhenIphigenia was about to be sacrificed inAulis toArtemis,Artemis snatched her away and sent her toScythia. ThenAchilles fell in love with her and pursued her to a certain place. And from there it was calledAchilles' racecourse.

§ 194  The common phrase "groaning under misfortune and empty ship-owning" and "the unseen form" "changed". Some say that "unseen form" is a bear, others say that a deer was substituted for her, these things were said about whatIphigenia was changed into; some into a bear, others into a deer, but now he says she was changed into an old woman. "Old woman" means the aged one in the sacrifices or the one transformed into an old woman so as not to be recognized by the Greeks and to be snatched away byArtemis. The word "near" is common, but it is a hyperbaton and "near" of the "bowl" of "Hades" of the "flaming from the depths" with fire. "Hades" he calls the bowl, the cauldron, because the slaughtered strangers are thrown into it. Others say it is a chasm inTauris, from which they say flame is brought, into whichIphigenia threw the ones being killed. "Feasting" refers to cooking and the killing of strangers inTauris. This and this "near" of the slaughterhouses and of the "basins" and of the altars "near" also of the "bowl" of "Hades" of the "flaming from the depths with fire" which bowl "the Black One" eitherPersephone orIphigenia "will puff up" and will inflate "stewing" and cooking the "flesh" of the "perished" either of the humans in "feasting" and culinary art. They were going to sacrificeIphigenia for such a reason: ForAgamemnon went out hunting and, having wounded a deer, boasted and exclaimed: Thus, not evenArtemis. But the goddess, angered at this, held back the winds. An oracle was given that, unlessIphigenia was sacrificed, the Greeks heading forTroy would not otherwise encounter winds.

§ 200  "He will tread the ground"; soAchilles says, he will spend four years inScythia, mourning, "longing" for the "bed" ofIphigenia; "around the altar" the Greeks, he says, inAulis ofBoeotia, having seen the dragon with its mother eating the sparrows, giving oaths to each other, they will sail toTroy. Some read "Kronos" instead of Kronides, so it refers toZeus, others instead ofKronos himself and they say that the oracle atDelphi was previously ofKronos, where the Greeks received the prophecy that in the tenth year they will sackIlium. The following should be understood thus: "of the propheticKronos" of the dragon; for the dragon prophesied, asHomer also says (B 308) but later thanKronos. So,Kronos is the prophet "before" the "seer" that is, the dragon prophesying, and the dragon is the later prophet.

§ 204  "The second of the oaths" from the second or the second since they also gave the first oaths aboutHelen asHesiod says (E 165?) but now about the campaign, which is "second". "The second": for they swear for the second time inAulis, in order to submit toAgamemnon. The Greeks "around" the "altar of propheticKronos" or Kronides from the "meat distributor" of the "infants with" their "mother" that is, from the dragon that ate the sparrows and their mother "lifting" and fitting and making the second "yoke" of the "oaths" that is, making second oaths about staying until the end of the war they will arm their strong oar "in their hands". He spoke in reverse instead of they will arm their hands with sturdy oars. He spoke of second oaths in contrast to the first ones given by all the suitors, those who were courtingHelen, that if the one who won her by lot as a wife was wronged by someone, they would all help him.

§ 206  "Savior" but "Bacchus"Dionysus he says they are praising, who saved them previously inMysia from being destroyed byTelephus, producing spontaneously a vine and trippingTelephus with grapevines, hence he was also called Sphaltes. The production of the vine is a myth, but the allegorical meaning is as follows: either according to someTelephus was drunk or he was tripped by branches of a vine and was wounded byAchilles in the riverCaicus ofMysia, asPindar says (J V41) "For who wounded nobleTelephus with his spear by the banks ofCaicus? Of those previously", since the Greeks first sailed and having set out toMysia were chased byTelephus and returned again to Greece.Telephus was the son ofHeracles andAuge, the daughter ofAleus theTegean andNeaira; she placed the baby in the sanctuary ofAthena. When a famine occurred,Aleus knowing about the baby, threw it onto theParthenion mountain; it was suckled by a doe, shepherds finding it named itTelephus.Auge was sold byNauplius at the command ofAleus toTeuthras, the then ruler ofMysia, who took her as his wife.

§ 207  "To whomsoever" to whichever "bull" or to thebull-shapedDionysus "he will begin" and will sacrifice "secret" and mystical "libations in the recesses" of the Delphinian place, that is inPhocis around the "caves" and recesses of the "god of profit" i.e.Apollo; but who will sacrifice the sacrifices?Agamemnon "the commander of a thousand" of the "very destructive army" that is, the leader of a thousand ships destroying cities. "The commander of a thousand" the commander of a thousand ships; he used the perfect number. (cf. Eust. Il. I 274.34) He left out 176 ships to use the round number; for the ships of the Greeks totalled 1,176. Delphinium ofPhocis or ofApollo. But by the cave of the Delphinium they say thatAgamemnon according to the oracle went toDelphi and sacrificed toDionysus in the sanctuary ofApollo.Apollo isDelphinius and Profitable because inPytho he shot and killed the dragon Delphine, who was violatingLeto, asHelios says "when under the rocky neck ofParnassus he shot the monstrous Delphine with arrows" (Ap. B 705) or becauseApollo either riding on adolphin or in the likeness of adolphin showed the way toCastalius the Cretan, being sent to colonize, as far as theCrissaean gulf andPhocis whereCastalius settled ... whose sonDelphus prevailed over the places and from him the inhabitants called the placeDelphi and established a sanctuary of DelphinianApollo. Some say that as adolphin he came aboard the ship and from this place he jumped into the sea; hence the place was calledDelphi andApolloDelphinius. Profitable, because through oracles he shows the profitable things. “By the cave”, near the innermost places of the temple. AndDionysus was also honored inDelphi withApollo in this way: theTitans tore the limbs offDionysus and gave them toApollo his brother ? putting them in a cauldron, and he put it next to the tripod asCallimachus says (fr. 374) andEuphorion saying “they threw divineBacchus over the fire in a bowl” (Mein. AA 49) . Others say thatDelphi was named afterDelphus son ofPoseidon andMelanthus daughter ofDeucalion (sch.r Aesch. Eum. 2).

§ 209  Dionysus is thebull, because they depict him as horned, asEuripides also in Bacchae ( 920) “and he seems to lead us as abull in front”. ButStesimbrotus also calls him Dionyxon, because he came out horned and scratched the thigh ofZeus. ? “Secret libations” because the mysteries were performed forDionysus in a side-chamber.

§ 211  "To whom I offer sacrifices," to whomDionysus, in return for the sacrifices, will grantAgamemnon a fresh favor by preventingTelephus from capturing the Greeks, by entwining his feet with a vine shoot and hindering him. But he used a bad metaphor: for having calledTelephus alion, he should have called the Greeksoxen orlambs, but he called them ears of grain. This is inappropriate; for alion does not eat ears of grain. The Greeks, having gone off course fromTroy, attackedMysia as if it wereTroy.Telephus, one of theMysians, came out and killed many of the Greeks.Dionysus, wanting to show gratitude toAgamemnon for the sacrifices made to him, prepared a vine shoot to spring from the earth, tnagling in whichTelephus was wounded byAchilles.

§ 212  Dionysus is called Enorches because his mysteries are performed with dancing. The same is also honored inArcadia as Phigaleus. And he is calledPhausterios because his mysteries are performed with light and torch. The demon Enorches isDionysus among theLesbians; they say that two siblings,Thyestes andDaito, had intercourse... from whom a first childEnorches was born, from whomDionysus is also calledEnorches; for his son founded .... from his own name. He is said to be born from an egg. "Demon Enorches" isDionysus among theLesbians. For they say that two siblings,Thyestes and Daiso, from an egg, gave birth to a child called Enorches, who, having founded a temple forDionysus, named him from his own name. Or Enorches is said, because the mysteries were performed with dancing. Or because he spent his time in orchards and plants. But they tell some shameful story; they sayDionysus was groping about for his mother after she was struck by lightning. A certain young manPolyumnos said he would show the way to her, if he would have intercourse with him; and he promised to do this, if he first found his mother. And indeed, by the advice ofPolyumnos, having descended intoHades from the spring ofLerna, he brought her up. But whenPolyumnos died,Dionysus, wanting to fulfill his promise, attached fig-wood genitals to him and deer skin phalluses, hence, they say, he is also called Enorches. But these people are talking nonsense about the story and they do not know the allegory. The story goes like this:Osiris, who is alsoDionysus, being king ofEgypt, was cut into pieces by his brotherTyphon and his conspirators and was scattered everywhere.Isis, who is alsoDemeter, wife ofDionysus, with her sonHorus, killsTyphon and all his murderers. She collected the parts and limbs ofDionysus and built a temple and sacred place for each one. In the city ofPhilae inEgypt was the greatest of the temples, which was also a great oath to theEgyptians, they say "by theOsiris inPhilae". Anyway, having found all the parts and fearing all the temples, she invented the deer skin phalluses to hang each one for herself and to dance with them, not finding the reproductive parts. And this is the historical part, but the more symbolic part indicates that wine intensifies the senses, hence they depictDionysus both young and old, in relation to the consumption of wine, both moderate and excessive, and they depict him as an old man who is bald, following this, because those who are drunk reveal the secrets of their thoughts. HenceAlcaeus says (Fr. 53) "For wine is a mirror to men". And there are countless other things aboutDionysus or wine symbolically represented, leopards and bacchae and satyrs and androgynous attire and the other things, which it is more laborious to allegorize in a mythical treatise. "Phegaleus" seems to me to be written with an eta, from the fact that he leaps in oak groves and mountains, others (99 8) however, writing it with an iota, say thatDionysus is honored inArcadia atPhigalea. "Phausterios" is so called, because his mysteries were performed with torches and lamps, the same is also called "Enorches", because his sacrifices are performed with dancing. I say, more allegorically, thisPhausterios is from the warmth of the wine.

§ 213  "Feastlion"Telephus of the "feast" and the banquet "will make" into "not to burn rootless" the "reaping ear" in "tooth and lavishness" and biting jaws. "Will make" but how? The "track entwining" with the "twigs". But now he said twigs of the vine the branches "ear" but the Greeks maliciously attaching to thelion food ears. "To burn ear" he says the Greeks; but it lacks the as so that it may be as "reaping ear" to the "tooth and" the wasteful "jaws".

§ 216  "I will see long ago indeed" instead of I foresee these things; but he speaks of the voyage toTroy of the Greeks. "Cohort" elsewhere military order now but gathering and collection (infr. 13) of evils from the ships and vessels happening. "I see long ago indeed a cohort"; the metaphor from the dragons that are sown and gathered and hissing. For a cohort is the gathering ofsnakes. "Of the ships" but from the ship and the gathering of the ships "cohort of evils" he says.

§ 217  "Dragging"; the following thus: I see long ago indeed a gathering of ships being dragged in the sea "and hissing" and shouting and threatening the homeland orTroy "terrible threats" and burning.

§ 219  "So thatCadmus does not..."Cadmus isHermes, by syncope from Cadmilos, like gamphelas to gamphas. Cadmilos isHermes. He also had a child namedPrylis with a certain nymph namedIssa, from whomLesbos was also calledIssa. ThisPrylis, being a seer, was presented toAgamemnon inLesbos (un. a) otherwise. "So thatCadmus does not..." He turned the speech towardsPrylis, who was a seer inIssa orLesbos, son of Cadmilos andCadmusHermes and a certain nymphIssa, from whomLesbos, also calledMytilene, was namedIssa.Prylis, having been presented to the Greeks, proposed the method of the capture ofIlium through prophecy; for he spoke of the construction of thewooden horse, having been persuaded by gifts fromPalamedes.Issa is the island ofLesbos, also calledMytilene, surrounded by water, because it is an island. 4 (un. a) Regarding whom she says, OhPrylis, would thatCadmus did not plant youPrylis and give birth to you, "Cadmus" orHermes so called by theBoeotians (76 25) in "Issa" andMytilene the "surrounded" by sea "to plant" but "guide" and interpreter and guide of the Greeks "of the authomaimon" but also relatives of theTrojans "co-digger, fourth" being you from the root ofAtlas; forPleione, the daughter ofOceanus andAtlas, the son ofIapetus andAsia, had seven daughters, asAratus also says (Ph 257) "six of them are visible to the eyes, but those seven are called in orderAlcyone,Merope,Celaeno,Electra, andSterope andTaygete and the reveredMaia". And the children ofCelaeno andPrometheus wereLycus andChimaireus, ofElectra andZeusDardanos andEetion, ofSterope andHyperochusOenomaus, ofTaygete andZeusLacedaemon, and ofMaia andZeusHermes, asOrpheus says in the beginning of the Lithics "gift of the evil-avertingZeus to mortals, called byMaia, the woolly one, came bearing a son, so that we might have him as a grievous aid of valor" andHipponax in the first iambic againstBupalus shouted (fr. 1) "the son ofMaia, the circular" king "palm" andSimonides "of the mountainousMaia with the spiral eyelashes" catalog; for she "in the mountains ofCyllene boreHermes, the herald of the gods".Hermes, from the aforementionedIssa, begetsPrylis, hence he called him the fourth fromAtlas. For fromAtlas,Maia, as we said, from whomHermes, from whomPrylis.

§ 221  "FromAtlas";Atlas, whose daughter wasMaia, from whomHermes was born toZeus, whose son wasPrylis, and againAtlas, whose daughter wasElectra, from whomDardanos was born toZeus, from whom theTrojans descended; hence,Prylis is related to theTrojans. He refers toAtlas as wretched becausePrylis, being his relative, betrayed his own kin.

§ 222  "A slayer of his own kin" of theTrojan relatives.

§ 223  "Tomoure" means seer "towards the lost" and the best, clearly the Greek, "most truthful" or most truthful. Tomoure is the seer who sees what is not yet or sees what has not yet happened. Lost is from the word "I want". Truthful is from the negative particle and the verb "I miss", meaning not missing the truth, by syncope.

§ 224  For sinceTroy was about to be destroyed by fire because ofAlexander, it was fitting that both the one who was born and the one who gave birth should be burned. "Night-walking terrors" becauseHecabe seemed to give birth to a fiery torch in a dream. "Nor ofAesacus"; my "father should have repelled the night-walking terrors" or the dreams ofHecabe "and put aside" the "oracles" and commands ofAesacus, he should have hidden for the sake of his homeland in "one fate" or one death "the double"Hecabe andAlexander "the limbs" and the members of these "having covered with ashes" and burning in the first inLemnos according toHellanicus found in fire (104 7).Aesacus was the best seer ofPriam andArisbe, daughter ofMerops, who later became a hermit mourning his dead wife Merop† daughter ofCebren.Priam gaveArisbe toHyrtacus and marriedHecabe as it happened she was pregnant "not ofAesacus mine";Aesacus son ofPriam, being a seer, advisedPriam to kill the newbornAlexander along with the mother, but he was not persuaded. "Night-walking" but "terrors" he calls the dream ofHecabe, when she saw a torch coming out of her womb and clearly setting allTroy on fire. "But hide in one"; the following; "in one fate" or one death "double" butHecabe andAlexander. Seeing the dream about the torch, the aforementionedAesacus judged, whenAlexander was born, that the two should be killed, both the one born and the one who gave birth, saying that today's born and the one who gave birth should be killed. ButPriam instead killedCilla from Thymoetus in a secret marriage then giving birth toMunippus. "He should have"; the 'le' is simple and all such are common syllables, hence they are long apart from the 'n'.

§ 227  "Limbs" primarily refers to the hands, from the verb "I touch and receive", but metaphorically, the rest of the body parts are also called limbs. "Tephrosas" means "burning", "reducing to ashes". "Lemnaio pyri" refers to the fire inLemnos, where the forges ofHephaestus are said to be. "Lemnaio pyri" was first found inLemnos, from a lightning-struck tree in Greek lands, along with weapon-making, as Hellenicus narrates in his account of the founding ofChios, so we don't have to elaborate on the story.

§ 228  "Not so many" is elliptically said; he should have said: if this had happened, not so many waves of disasters would have flooded over us, and a deluge of justice would have poured out and flooded us and drowned us.

§ 229  "Palaemon" refers toMelicertes, the son ofIno. He was greatly honored inTenedos, where they even sacrificed infants to him. The story goes as follows:Athamas, raisingDionysus, went mad withHera's wrath and killed his sonLearchus, thenIno also went mad and threw this child into a boiling cauldron. Regaining her sanity, she was pursued byAthamas and she herself, with her other sonMelicertes, was about to be killed. Fleeing through the mountains ofGeraneia inMegaris, she threw herself and her sonMelicertes, also known asPalaemon, from the rock of Molouris into the sea. TheNereids, appearing while dancing, toldSisyphus to hold theIsthmian games in honor of the child. Others say thatAthamas was about to throwPalaemon into a cauldron as well, and his motherIno stole him and fled. Those who brought his body toCorinth were called Amphimachos and Donakinos.Sisyphus, the brother ofAthamas,Palaemon's father, was the king ofCorinth, hence he established theIsthmian festival.Palaemon was also honored inTenedos, as we said. Instead of saying "and the sea ofTenedos will boil and be narrowed by the multitude of Greek ships", he said "andPalaemon, the infant killer, watches" and sees the "old" consort of "Ogenus" andOceanus, that is,Tethys, meaning the sea, the "Titanid", one of theTitans, the children ofUranus andEarth, watching what she suffers? "Boiling" and frothing in the ships adorned with woven cords or ropes. He now symbolically calls the ships "aithyias"; for "aithyias" are primarily sea birds.

§ 231  "Consort"; he refers toTethys as the consort ofOceanus; she is the same as the sea.

§ 232  "And indeed, double"; and indeed, the two "children",Tennes andHemithea, "are destroyed" and perish instead of will perish "with" their fatherCycnus in the "solid mill" and stone of the well-rulingAchilles, "struck" and wounded in the "keys" and the shoulders. And in thisLycophron lies; for not on the shoulders, but the head being struck,Cycnus was killed. For they say that the rest of the body was invulnerable except for the head. But this is a myth; for being a right-handed soldier,Cycnus, and best protected in wars so as never to be wounded, fell under the myths that he is invulnerable. But since he was struck byAchilles and killed in the head, they said he was invulnerable except for the head alone. "And indeed, double";Cycnus, the son of Scamandrodice andPoseidon, was secretly born and thrown near the sea. Some fishermen seeing a swan falling around him, took him up and named himCycnus. When he grew up, he marriedProcleia, the daughter ofLaomedon, and begot "and indeed, double";Cycnus, being aTrojan, the son ofPoseidon, had two children fromProcleia,Tennes andHemithea. But whenProcleia died,Cycnus marriedPhilonome, the daughter ofTragasus, who, being in love withTennes and not getting her hope, accused him to his father as being raped by him, agreeing with her and a certain flute player called Molpus. But he, being angry, threw bothTennes andHemithea into a chest and let them be carried in the sea. The chest was moored toTenedos, then calledLeucophrys, whichTennes namedTenedos after himself. But hearing this, he, being angry, threwTennes andHemithea into a chest and let them go into the sea. The chest being brought to the island then calledLeucophrys, now calledTenedos fromTennes, the people of the island, seeing what happened and learning the drama, made their kingTennes and named the islandTenedos after him. ButCycnus, knowing this, killedPhilonome, and he himself went and lived with his children inTenedos. So whenAchilles came, he killed both him andTennes.Achilles, having made a campaign againstTroy, killedCycnus andTennes, the son ofCycnus, in word, but in deedApollo's. ButHemithea, being pursued by him and fleeing the intercourse, was swallowed up by the earth. cf. Cram. A. P I 192 10 AfterAchilles killedCycnus andTennes, he also killed Mnemon, whomThetis had given toAchilles as a companion to remind him not to killApollo's son; for it was destined forAchilles to die, whenever he killedApollo's son. ButTennes, as I said, was the son ofApollo. ? "Tenedos" — fromTennes andAmphithea orHemithea, the children ofCycnus. It was calledLeucophrys. Steph.

§ 232  "Well-started"; this is whatCycnus was called because he successfully renewed the spear ofAchilles; for the auctioneers, praising the first buyers, call them well-started. They also say that a certain river nearSinope was named Euarcho by theArgonauts, from which they first drank, asEuphorion says "which brought him fame around the Euarchoi river" (Mein. AA 120). Eust. Od. II 193 38 refers to the first words, "well-started" is a royal term inLycophron in the "well-started" or royal mace.

§ 234  "The things before the piper" should be arranged this way: "The things that have escaped the coffin-bearing throws" that are in "cool" and in false "rumors" of the "piper" or of Molpos; but the word "happened" is missing. "Coffin-destroying throws" are those about to destroy them in the coffin, "coffin-bearing" are those carried through the sea in a coffin. For even if he said "coffin-bearing", the verse is not mistaken, but is correct and so it stands, even if perhapsLycophron ignored this; for the rough consonant can extend as in "TheTrojans shivered, when they saw the gleamingsnake" (M 208). But if you also say this is less, like the rest (sch. D), listen toHipponax "if asnake bites him in the shin" (fr. 49 9). Behold, thesnake, the long 'o' was accepted. And the learned and metric will find countless other such things.

§ 236  But "gloomy"Lycophron usually takes for "fearful"; perhaps from "and another also hates" (A 186). "To whom indeed he obeyed" to which Molpos, Cygnus "the gloomy" and hateful "butcher" and murderer of children "the swan-nurtured"; he said species instead of species, instead of the swan-nurtured; "the linen-hunter" and the one hunted in linens and nets of the "porkers" and fishermen "the friend" and the one loved by the "barley" and oysters "the flat" and oblique "nerites" and snails in "the claw" and ark "he nailed down" and secured the "double offspring" or his two sonsTenea and Hemithaea.

§ 237  The "swan-nurtured" they say because Cygnus, born from a secret union and exposed out of fear, was found by some fishermen with swans around him, which they chased away and picked up the child, calling him Cygnus from the incident. He took species instead of species; for he should have said swan-nurtured. "Porkers" of the fishermen; for porkos is the humpback; "linen-hunter" is Cygnus who was hunted by the fishermen as if in linens "nerites" but "friend" as long as he spent time with the fishermen.

§ 238  "Nerites" signifies the sea snail.

§ 239  "Dryfakta" primarily refers to enclosures made of oak. The rest of the history was discussed in the previous history, including the matters of Mnemon.

§ 240  "The suffering one" because Tene was by nature a son ofApollo, but by nickname, Cygnus. Therefore,Achilles killed Mnemon because he did not prevent the murder through his reminder.

§ 241  "Mnemon's commands"; Mnemon is a proper name, whomThetis sent withAchilles to remind him not to kill any ofApollo's children; for it was destined for him to die when he kills someone fromApollo's lineage. Therefore, having gone toTenedos and having killed those around Cygnus and Tene, who were fromApollo, and later having come to his senses, he also killed Mnemon because he did not remind and prevent him. Tene was by nature a son ofApollo, but by appointment, Cygnus. "With them" with Cygnus and his children, and the "suffering one" and the enduring "Mnemon will die, his chest forward" and the chest "stabbed with the sword of his mother"Achilles of the "goddess not understanding" and saying the commands but in "lethargy" and in oblivion "falling".

§ 243  "And indeed Myrinna groans"; the meaning is as follows: having said earlier that I see a gathering of ships being drawn in the sea and shouting to my homelandTroy this and that, now he says and indeed Myrinna, a town ofTroy, and the shores groan having heard the neighing of thehorses, whenAchilles, last of all the Greeks, jumping from the ship onto the land will splash water from the force of the jump and a signal of war will be made with the trumpets of the conch shells sounding. I foresee with my eyes the destruction of allTrojan land and with my ears, I liken and imagine the groans of theTrojan women due to the successive calamities coming upon them. But this is the meaning, we do not need syntax here because of the clarity, but the histories must be written. Myrinna is a town ofTroy, where theTrojans lined up having heard the arrival of the Greek ships from Politus, the son ofPriam, who was a scout of theTrojans, trusting in the speed of his feet, asHomer says sqq. B 811–814. But "Myrinna groans" one of theAmazons was Myrinna, from whom there is a place inTroy. AndHomer "the sign of the immortal and much-traveled Myrinna" (B 814). The town was called Myrinna, because one of theAmazons called Myrinna died there when they campaigned againstTroy. The rest of theAmazons erected a city in her honor. The following "coastal shores". "Coastal shores"; I have not seen the shores ofTroy; for if they are cliffy and rocky, he rightly said the shores and beaches are "coastal" or rocky; if they are not cliffy, simply, rather foolishly he said the "shores" and beaches are "coastal" or beachside.

§ 244  "Phrimagmus" is the sound. "Frimagon" is a sound. This, I think, refers to the sound; but frimagmos is not the sound, but the sound emitted through the nostrils of thehorses when they snort. "Aiones" and "Eiones" write as you wish, either placing it trisyllabically below the 'η' written or tetrasyllabically not underwriting, but pronouncing "Eiones"; for the iambic and anapaestic foot accepts this, and the dactyl and the choriamb except in their own places.

§ 245  "Pelasgon" refers toThessalian. "Pelasgon Halma" is theThessalian leap; forPelasgos andThessalian isAchilles. But I have said why it was calledPelasgia (86 27); and the story aboutAchilles' leap is this: an oracle was given to the Greeks that the first of the Greeks to leap against theTrojans from the ships would be the first to die.

§ 246  But whenProtesilaus had leapt first and "set foot on the last shore"; forAchilles was the last to leave the ship because of the oracle, henceProtesilaus, who was the first to leap from the ship, died. "Krenaion"; for they say that whenAchilles leapt from the ship, a spring gushed forth asAntimachos also says "swiftly from the dark mainland being lifted high, Peleides leapt light as a hawk, and in front of his feet a spring became ever-flowing" (fr. 59 K.). WhenProtesilaus leaped forth and was slain either byHector or by some other man,Achilles, having been taught by this event, leaped more forcefully than everyone else from his own ship later on, and he struck the ground so hard that water sprung forth from it, asAntimachus says, "Suddenly, from the dark mainland,Peleus' son was lifted high and he rushed lightly just like a hawk, and before his feet a spring appeared that flowed endlessly" (fr. 59). AndEuripides says throughNeoptolemus, "theTrojan — two-foot."

§ 247  "Ammoi" of the sand.Amos is written with one 'm'; for it is said from being immeasurable and unmeasured and in syncopeAmos. Ammos, however, is written Aeolically with two 'mm'; for they double all the consonants (46 11). "Rhoibdesei" will give back with sound. "Ganos" now is water, elsewhere it is milk and joy.

§ 249  "Kataithe" now instead of it shines with the gleam of the weapons. "OrchestesAres" is the nimble one. AndHomer "perhaps even you being a dancer" (P 617) instead of nimble because of the frequent movements in wars. "OrchestesAres" is the nimble war or the one with pyrrhic and armed dance, as it was done by theSpartans in a certain established rhythm and noble and moving towards war. "OrchestesAres" since they used to practice certain limbs to provoke and move to bravery those who listen. AndCallimachus "he sang the law ofAres" (fr. 526).

§ 250  They used the 'conch shell' before the trumpet was found; for before it was discovered, the ancients used this in war. 'Blowing the bloody conch shell' and initiating the attack of war. For before the discovery of the trumpet, they used torch-bearers in wars, who, entering from both sides of the warring armies, threw torches instead of blowing a trumpet, and thus the war was initiated. Then they found out how to blow the conch shell and practiced certain tunes to provoke and stir up courage in the listeners, and the use of torches ceased. But when the trumpets were found among theTyrrhenians, the use of the conch shell also ceased. And this is a bad fabrication ofLycophron, to make himself ignorant of the trumpet as something that came later, but a conch shell, even if he introduces the character ofCassandra speaking about these things. ForHomer, who lived before him by 400 years, knew of the Greeks using the trumpet, saying 'like the unmistakable voice, when the trumpet screams' (Iliad 12.219).

§ 251  "Fighting like the dawn" (244) is either written and unpronounced or pronounced without being written. "They have been terrified" instead of "they have become terrified" and "they have thickened". And "they have been terrified" instead of "they have become terrified" and all such things are of the Chaldean orAttic dialect like "the splitting" and "they said" and the like.

§ 252  "They have been terrified" instead of "they have become terrified". AndHomer says "the deadly battle terrified" (Iliad 13.339) and elsewhere "terrified by shields and spears" (Iliad 4.282). But the expression is of the Chalkideans andEretrians, who also use "the splitting" (21) and "they came". And some other ancient poets have used these. Thus, I think, "it was" instead of "you were" contrary to the rule; for the rule of participles ending in 's' after acute stress makes the third plurals isosyllabic with their own first plurals, but not so makes the third plurals with the first singulars. I said the first singular, I said the third plural. But "they said" is the opposite. Similarly also "they split"; but "the splitting" is contrary and of the Chaldean dialect. And the syntax is thus: syntax: "they have been terrified" and "they have become terrified" and "they have thickened" the "limbs" and the plains like "smooth" or as "they have thickened" the "limbs" of the "smooth" and field, "the limbs" are "flashing" in "spears". "Limbs" the 'limb' whether it takes a long or a short, the verse is unimpeachable, as you were taught.

§ 254  "From the tops of the towers" from the high towers. The term "indalletai" is not only used for sight, but also for hearing. "Indalletai" is figuratively used to mean "resembles" or "is likened to"; we usually use the term "indalletai" specifically for the eyes.

§ 255  "Towards the ether" refers to the Homeric phrase "the voice of both reached the ether and the light ofZeus" (N 837). "Nenemous" means calm, because according to some, the ether is motionless, asPindar also says "through the desolate ether" (O I 10). He metaphorically refers to the ether as "seats of the windless ether", asPindar also says "through the desolate ether" (O I 10). For the air consists of clouds, storms, and winds, according toAristotle (mund. I 392b 5) and all wise men, but the ether is devoid of all these, hence he called it windless. The term "kyrousa" is used instead of "katalambanousa".

§ 257  "One upon another" as if to say now hearing the misfortune and death ofPandaros from theTrojan women, then ofSarpedon, then ofHector and therefore mourning and tearing their clothes.

§ 258  The phrase "that, oh wretched" she says these things to herself, lamenting and mourning the future events that will befallHector.Cassandra says these things to herself, mourningHector's death and saying "oh wretched heart, that will hurt you more than the other harms whenAchilles, having killedHector, drags him on a chariot, defiling the earth with his blood. That, oh wretched heart, evil, that will burn the greatest of harms, when the swift and sharpeagle, drawing lines through the ether with its wings, defiling the earth with the blood of your dearest of the noble ones, having seized the food of Ptou's father with its talons, staining his body with blood and defiling the land with murder through the furrow. The syntax is as follows: "That, oh wretched heart, will burn" and hurt "evil, that" the "greatest" of "harms" and harms "when" the swift and huntingeagle "the sharp" that is,Achilles "defiles" and stains the "local" and native "groves" and "the land" and the earth in the "murder" and the blood "having seized the food of your dearest" and brother from "the noble ones" and fellow nobles of "Ptou" andApollo being the "father". And doing something else? "Staining" his "body" in the "jaws" and mouth "roaring" and echoing in the "wings crying" and shouting "unmixed most dreadful" and terrifying "shout" in the "mouth". What is he doing? "Plowing" and plowing "theox-driver through the furrow" and the "plain" and wide "earth" and dry "ridge" and furrow "drawing a marked" and engraved in "trembling" and trembling and crooked and "curved base" instead of turning the chariot here and there as if plowing.

§ 259  "He will burn" he will bite he will grieve.

§ 260  And "raging" carried with anger and fury, "dark" is the fearful or the black "raging" echoing with wings "dark" hunting (supr. 7)eagle excessively renewing and cutting.

§ 261  "With wings on the ground" metaphorically with the wheels of the chariot. Having likenedAchilles to aneagle, he appropriately called the wheels of his chariot wings, as if carried and flying through them. He therefore speaks ofHector's chariot-driving inHomer, becauseAchilles killed him. (marg. a) "With wings" with the wheels of the chariot

§ 262  "With a curved base, the engraving mark; the mark" itself the engraving from the wheel "with a curved" but with the curved base but he speaks of theeagle's base but "clashing unmixed" either that theeagle has its own voice and is distinguished from the other birds or thatAchilles alone fought separated from the Greeks, asHomer also says † but the aim, this . "With a curved crooked base" the "dry" dia"writing an engraving mark" will make and restore that is as plowed land ... he said disjointedly as also the "dry". But "with a curved" instead of the curved femininely; but it isAttic. Or thus he said "writing an engraving" and engraved in "curved" plow elliptically.

§ 263  "Clashing" roaring.

§ 264  "Of the brothers", of the brothers, of the brothers. ×Eg (EM 6 20) 〈"nourishment"〉 but it means the nourished one. Eg (EM l. l.) "brother's nourishment" brother's brother ( 114 12) either the one brought up together "Father of Ptoios" the son of Ptoios' father either ofApollo.

§ 265  "And of Ptoios";Ptoios isApollo, since they mythologize that whenLeto gave birth to him he suddenly appeared large, and seeing him she was terrified. And she herself was called Ptoia andApollo was called Ptoios.Stesichorus andEuphorion say thatHector was the son ofApollo andAlexander theAetolian.Stesichorus andEuphorion andAlexander theAetolian say thatHector was the son ofApollo.Ptoios isApollo thus it is said;Leto inDelos giving birth toArtemis andApollo a large wildboar appeared, seeing this she was terrified and was called Ptoia, asArtemis andApollo were calledPtoios.

§ 268  "Very wide" very wide ( 75 19). But even if you write the words from the top of the verses.

§ 269  "Having taken thebull," they say thatAchilles, having fallen in love withPolyxene, the daughter ofPriam, indicated toPriam that he would ally with him if he could have his daughter.Priam agreed to give her to him, and whenAchilles arrived at the temple ofApolloThymbraeus,Alexander secretly shotAchilles with an arrow, and thus the hero died. TheTrojans, having taken his body, secured it, promising not to give it back until they received the gifts given forHector, which also happened. Therefore, having received the gifts, they gave back the corpse. It is said thatAchilles, having given back an equal weight in gold, will be buried by the Greeks. "Having taken the ransom," the ransom is also the gift and the price for the "proclaimed"bull and the slain, that is,Hector. He said "bull" as being spirited and brave. "Having taken" in "the exact balance" of the "hanging scale" and again to the back "pouring out an equal Pactolian stream" in the "weights will sink" and will enter the "mixing bowl" of "Bacchus" orDionysus "having wept" and mourned in the "nymphs" and in theMuses, "who loved" and loved the "brightness" and the water of the "Bephyrus" river ofMacedonia the "watch" and the prominence the "Leibethrian" that is, ofLeibethra that is "abovePimpleia. Proclaimed" the slain and killed.

§ 270  "With an exact balance,"Homer simply says that gifts were given toAchilles forHector (Ω 579), butLycophron and some others say that an equal weight of gold was given to him. "With an exact balance" that is, with an exact weighing "of the yoke" "hanging" hung weighed. "Balance"; now the balance is the wide and petal-like part of the yoke, in which the weighed items are placed, the trytane is also called the stachane and the whole rod of the yoke, on either side of which are the balances, also called plastings. But strictly speaking, the trytane is the tongue of the rod of the yoke. "Again" to the back (116 21) "the ransom" given for not being punished forHector. "Equal" and long and short taking the 'ι' you will not find the verse stumbled, as I taught (77 30).

§ 272  "Pactolian"Pactolus is a river ofLydia which they say has gold nuggets (S 1352) and mines, from which they make gold. Mudros, however, is strictly the fired iron from the verb to burn Eg (EM) and to flow. Mudros is also called gold. ×Eg (EM 593 31) 272

§ 272bis  He refers to the mixing bowl as 'krater', the amphora as 'Bacchus' ofDionysus, the 'krater' ofDionysus, whichHomer also says thatThetis received fromDionysus, a golden amphora, where the bones ofAchilles andPatroclus lie. And he says 'mydron' primarily means the iron that has been fired, from the verb 'myresthai' and 'diarein'. Now it signifies gold from the phrase 'Pactolian'. For thePactolus, a river ofSardis, used to have golden sand flowing into it from the adjacent mountain ofTmolus, including pebbles and ores, from which they make gold, even if it now brings down glass. 'Bacchus' krater' refers to the golden amphora ofDionysus, which he gave toThetis when he fled to her and was saved, when he was pursued byLycurgus with the Bacchants, in which the bones ofPatroclus,Achilles, andAntilochus lie. 'They say it was a gift ofDionysus, and the work of famousHephaestus' (line 74). The story is as follows:Dionysus, the son ofZeus andSemele, having received purification inPhrygia fromRhea and having received all preparation from the goddess, was carried throughout the earth. But when he also came toThrace,Lycurgus, the son ofDryas, drove him from the land and seized him and his nurses. He, out of fear, dived into the sea and was received byThetis. He gaveThetis a golden amphora in which the bones ofAchilles,Antilochus, andPatroclus were placed, whichHomer also mentions in line 74 'Dionysus —Hephaestus'.

§ 274  "Nymphs" now refers to theMuses.Homer also knew this, that they were present at his funeral (line 60). Baphyros is a river inMacedonia. 'Mourned by the nymphs' means lamented by theMuses 'who loved' which means those who loved 'the garden of Baphyros'; Baphyros is a river inMacedonia.

§ 275  "Leibethria";Leibethra is a mountain inHelicon. The prominence of theLeibethrian mountain ofMacedonia. "Pimpleian lookout" is above the existingPimpleia.Pimpleia is also a city, a mountain, and a spring inMacedonia, whichCallimachus also mentions in Hymns (IV 7) "as theMuses hate the singer who does not sing ofPimpleia" andOrpheus "now tell me, daughter ofPimpleia,Muse" (fr. 17 Ab.). And the words are thus, about which I no longer write, you write these in the middle of the verses. The meaning is such thatAchilles, having taken the ransom forHector and again giving an equivalent, will be buried in the mound given toThetis byDionysus, mourned by the nymphs or theMuses, who live aroundPimpleia and Leibethria and the Bephyrus, which are aroundHelicon andMacedonia. ButLycophron and others say thatHector was weighed with an equal weight of gold and thus given byAchilles toPriam, thinking that it is more to have him weighed than whatHomer says of the money. But this is not the case; for they exceed the ten talents, whichHomer says, apart from the rest, the weight ofHector's weight. They also say thatAchilles, having died, was mourned by theMuses, asHomer says, and by theNereids. But he writes everything wisely and more allegorically, thatAchilles' funeral was with musical instruments. He says theNereids mourned him, because it happened at the time of his death that the sea first moaned as if mourning, then until theRhoiteion for a considerable distance, coming out, greatly frightened the Greeks, then turned back again. And such things, saysHomer; but the newer ones introduce theMuses crying and they know their dwellings where they are and from what rivers the waters ofPimpleia and Leibethria flow, saying also a river to me the Bephyrus. And this will also be allegorized; sinceOrpheus, being the beginning and father of the poets, lived aroundHelicon and Leibethrion, it was mythologized that theMuses live around those places.

§ 276  "The corpse-seller" isAchilles who sells the dead, because he soldHector who was dead. From the verb "pernemi" the participle is "pernas". WhoeverAchilles, fearing death, will dress in women's clothes and will weave as a woman and later than all the Greeks will jump from the ship to the land of theTrojans fearing your spear.

§ 277  "He says 'female' about the body": for it is reported to the younger ones thatAchilles, hearing thatHector was brave and fearing him, pretended to be a girl and went to live inSkyros with the children ofLycomedes, where he also slept withDeidameia.Odysseus, sent byAgamemnon, brought spindles and distaffs and such women's tools, and also swords and bows and arrows, and threw them in front of the women's quarters ofLycomedes' women, recognized him and brought him to the Greeks; for the women chose the women's things, butAchilles, taking a sword, tried to move it skillfully and so was exposed. But these things have been fabricated and mythologized, the truth is this:Achilles, having just takenDeidameia,Lycomedes' daughter, to wife, was living with her in the bridal chamber and in the longing of a newlywed, hence they fabricated that he had assumed women's clothing. WhenOdysseus announced the expedition, he eagerly obeyed and rushed to war, even though he learned from an oracle that he would have a short life if he sailed toTroy. This announcement and the fear from the oracle they represented with swords and spindles; forAchilles did not show cowardice, but eagerly rushed to war, andHomer testifies in the L (767) rhapsody, introducingNestor speaking toPatroclus: "I came, and divineOdysseus, gathering the people, to fair-womanedAchaea" and a little later (781) he says "I led - they were willing". All these things are allegorized, but this barbarian-tonguedLycophron accepts them more mythically. Therefore, it seems burdensome to me to allegorize in things not being allegorized, as I have often said. "And last to land": I have told the story and will tell it again: it was destined for the first to disembark from the ship 4 to die, whichProtesilaus also suffered, henceAchilles came out later.

§ 279  "And last to land" since it was destined for the first to disembark from the ship 4 to die, whichProtesilaus also suffered, henceAchilles was cautious to go out first.

§ 281  "Oh fate" oh fortune, oh destiny, what a pillar of the houses you will destroy, the "support" and foundation of the "unfortunate" homeland, throwing it down; "not without" harm and punishment, nor without bitter pains and labors, will the "thief" Greek army laugh, rejoicing at the death of the fallenHector. He callsHector a pillar, asPindar also says "for who overthrewHector, the unassailable, radiant pillar ofTroy" (O II 145)? "Oh fate, what a pillar of the houses you will destroy"; he callsHector a pillar, "of the houses" of the houses, since he was the one who held up and carried not only the house, but all ofTroy with his own strength. He callsHector a "pillar" as not only holding and carryingPriam's house with his own strength, but all ofTroy. "Oh fate"; this verse has an anapestic foot in the fourth place and is called tragic iambic (cf. 339).

§ 286  "With the sterns of the pines" refers to the ships made from the creator. The stern is the last and rear part of the ship, from the end and final part remains. The prow is the front, from the first of the flowing or the water to touch. "But around the sterns"; the following of the speech is thus:Hector will not die for free and the Greeks will announce his death without penalty and punishment "but around the sterns of the pines" running the last "course of life" clearly the Greek army will "be set on fire". The following is thus:Hector will not die for free and the Greeks will announce his death without penalty and punishment but fleeing around their ships they will be set on fire by the ships. He paraphrases the naval battle fromHomer, in whichHector appears chasing the Greeks and burning the ship ofProtesilaus. He calls the Greek armyDoric fromDorus the son ofHellen, asHesiod also does (fr. 7 R) in the heroic genealogy "FromHellen were born the war-loving kingDorus andXuthus andAeolus thehorse-charmer" "Aeolids —Perieres". "FromHellen were born the war-loving kingDorus andXuthus andAeolus thehorse-charmer" "Aeolids —Perieres".

§ 288  "Phyxius(of Fugitives)Zeus", so that they may flee or so that he may cause them to flee. "Calling uponPhyxiusZeus most in their prayers" the one who caused them to flee,Zeus being besieged by them to drive away death from them by theTrojans. Or callingZeusPhyxius, the one who can make danger flee.Phyxius isZeus and alsoPhilios andHetaireios andEphestios andHomognios and countless others are called according to what happens and is done and is renamed; for someone fleeing calls uponPhyxiusZeus, but again making marriages calls uponGameliusZeus, †T when taking counsel calls uponBoulaios (Al. 435) and the rest likewise.

§ 290  "Then neither the trench"; then neither "the trench" and the ditch nor the bulwarks of the ships and the "wing" in "crosses" and bars fixed there of the trench and the curtain that holds like a fringe in the trench or the like of a cross and ladder that is, the ladder-like fixed nor the "geisa" and the crowns or the decorators, but not even the battlements or the positions of the towers in which the warriors stand of which above are the battlements or the front lines and the spaced parts of the wall and so to speak the teeth; all these then will not benefit the Greeks being chased around the ships byHector. But that the Greeks built this wall, whichLycophron now says will not benefit them,Homer teaches in the Th rhapsody its construction, and in the M now says the naval battle and its dissolution.

§ 291  "Problem" "and with crosses, the wing is suspended" s: He said the wing of the wall is the circumstance of the building .... such as the high one, from the verb to heap up and to raise; but "I was pulling the crosses of the towers" (M 258) does not know or say that they were throwing down the ladders, but there were some wooden wheeled ladders having above shields on which the enemies standing fought with those on the wall. So it is: they "pulled" the "crosses" on the wall and threw down the "battlements"; "with crosses" but the construction of the wall on each side divided by straight timbers, which he has called crosses because of their position, or the wall itself because of its width. "Suspended" but the ladder-like "wing" the wall "tops" but the crowns.

§ 293  "Thebees"; likebees darkened with smoke and with the flight ofbees, so also these, terrified byHector, leaping into the foreign land from the seats and sterns and prows of the ships and polluting theTrojan land with their blood in the leaping, resembling dancers.

§ 294  "Smoky" of the emission of smoke, but specifically the smoke from oil and wax. "Smoky" the emission of fire, the smoke.

§ 295  "Unbreakable" and "clusters"; "unbreakable" is called the ends of the ship euphemistically the flexible and "clusters" but it indicates the same and it is from parallel. The same: or they differ in that the unbreakable are stern, but the clusters are prow. "Key" but "thrones" periphrastically the oars, in which the rowers sit. The same but also seats, hence alsoHomer said the ships were well-seated.

§ 298  "Many of the best" many, he says, of the best Greeks carrying the first of the spoils from Greece with the spear and courage and the seeds and nobility raised "your" hands "cut down" and destroy. He says those aroundPatroclus (P 820) andPeneleos (P 597 Paus. IX 5 15) andAscalaphus (N 518) andArcesilaus (O 329) and the like. "Many" but "best" noble Greeks those taking the "first spoils" the first of the spoils and first captivity and first fruits carrying from Greece in their spear and courage and the "seeds" and nobility raised "your" hands either you "cut down" and kill. He saysHector because of killingPatroclus andPeneleos andAscalaphus andArcesilaus and the rest. "First spoils" but are called the first of the spoils and of the war booty excellent and first which the best are accustomed to take, such asChryseis was given toAgamemnon, butBriseis toAchilles Eg (EM 693 11 cf. EG 484 29) butTecmessa toAjax and the rest to the other Greeks.

§ 302  "I will not bear less," but on the contrary, much, great. Or in comparison to the grief of the Greeks, that I will not bear less grief than the Greeks. "But I will grieve"; I will be greatly and eternally saddened by your burial and death, groaning; for I will see that day of your end as miserable and surpassing all tribulations, of which tribulations "the ruler" and the perfecter "will be proclaimed" — now instead of the word is said — "the time that rolls" and twists and fills its cycle through the lunar motion and rotation. They called time ruler because the ancients counted the months by the moon and through the months time is divided. The following "the ruler will be proclaimed" is like a performer from the verb "to rule", which comes from the head, I rule and in syncope I rule and ruler.

§ 307  "Alas, alas, I groan, alas, alas, I groan" and your fresh and well-nurtured age, my brotherTroilus, "O cub" and most royal offspring, delightful entanglement of the brothers who, having woundedAchilles with the erotic arrow of your beauty, that is, having attracted him so as to fall in love with you, you not having fallen in love with him "beheaded" and your head cut off in the tomb and temple ofApollo byAchilles who fell in love with you and in the beheading "you will stain" the temple with blood. For they say that "alas, alas, I groan"Achilles, having fallen in love withTroilus, the son ofPriam, and pursuing him was about to catch him, but he took refuge in the temple ofThymbraeanApollo. ButAchilles, forcing him to come out since he did not obey, approached and killed him on the altar. Whom, they say,Apollo also avenged there and prepared forAchilles to be killed.Troilus was said to be by nature the son ofApollo, but by law ofPriam. And "wild dragon"Achilles. And these indeed so babble aboutTroilus but I know thisTroilus and having a deep voice and dark-skinned. I do not know, however, if theThessalianAchilles was so erotic as to even fall in love with those of deeper voice and much older than this; forTroilus was young and beautiful but dark-skinned and deep-voiced and unworthy ofAchilles' love. But after the killing ofMemnon, having leftTroy, he encountersAchilles and is killed by him and there was great mourning inTroy for him like forHector. "Fire-bearing" but erotic because such passion is hot by nature. The mind; whoever woundedAchilles with your love "the one who was struck" that is,Achilles. But "O cub" "delightful" or dearest of the brothers: for they say thatTroilus andCassandra were twins.

§ 310  Love is also called "Iynx" and a certain bird called "seisopygis", which the witches use for love potions. Similarly, "caught in inescapable snares"; for lovers are drawn to their beloveds as if by a bond. Therefore, with love, "wounded by the one who conquered", with the love ofAchilles, "you will stain" the altar of your "father"Apollo with blood. "For a short time" and "unloving", sinceAchilles was his lover for a short time. The "unloving" is in no way thin or unstable. "With the fire-bearing Iynx of arrows" now instead of the fire-bearing arrow; he speaks of love. The Iynx is primarily a bird that always shakes its tail, a guide of loves. It is varied in its hair, long-necked, having a tongue extended far, frequently twisting and spinning its neck, useful to witches for love spells; for they take it and bind it from a certain wheel, which they spin around while chanting. Others say that they melt it on a charcoal wheel. Others say that they extract its intestines and wrap them around the wheel. So, they say, this Iynx was first given byAphrodite toJason, teaching him how to charmMedea. They say that thisIynx was a woman before, the daughter ofPeitho orEcho andPan, and having bewitchedZeus for the love ofIo, she was pursued byHera and turned into a bird. Others say that theIynx is a very melodious lyre, hence everything desirable is called Iynx.

§ 314  The "alas" is unfortunate, "puppy" and "double nightingales" he says areLaodice andPolyxena, and thepuppy isHecuba, since she was transformed into adog. "Alas, unfortunate, alas" to me, "the unfortunate" and unfortunate and your death, "oh wretchedpuppy"Hecuba, I mourn and the two "nightingales", the eloquent and my sistersLaodice andPolyxena, from whom the earth will receiveLaodice when it splits open around the "leap" and the grove and the paradise of my grandfatherTros, next to the place where plants grow and whereCilla lies dead with her sonMunippus. The earth will split open and receiveLaodice, either she will fall into a gorge and die, or when willLaodice die? WhenTroy is sacked. And now indeed, the barbarian and unapproachableLycophron says that she was killed whenTroy was sacked, but going a little further (499) he will say that after the sack ofTroy, while her sonMunitus was hunting inThrace withAcamas his father and was killed by asnake, she also dies from grief. Others say thatLaodice, pursued by the Greeks, fell into a gorge and died. But the "alas" is not two parts of speech, but one, asHomer also shows, saying "alas, I".

§ 315  "Puppy"; He refers toHecuba as apuppy, because she became adog, asEuripides mythically says "you will become adog, having fiery eyes" (Hec. 1265) andAsclepiades about the place where she was killed, "which they also call the unfortunate Sign of the Dog (Kynosema)". And these are the myths, but the truth is as follows: After the death ofPolyxena, she insulted and cursed the Greeks, and they, being angry, killed her with stones like adog.

§ 316  "The mother of dust"; He refers to theTrojan land. Every chasm of the earth is called a gorge. And it is simply called a slaughter. "Seeing disaster" refers to the destruction and desolation of her homeland, which she sees near her feet.

§ 319  "Alma" is the grove. It is also called a branch by theAeolians. It comes from the word "grow". "Where the grove of the grandfather"; Grove now is the grove from the word "jump" and "grow" in it the plants; "grandfather" isTros; ThereLaodice, pursued by the Greeks, was swallowed up. AboutCilla we will say in the "nor of Aisakion" (224) and again I will say; "Deaths of the earth-born" since, they say,Hecabe had a sister calledCilla, who was married to Thymoites. She, they say, secretly had sex withPriam and gave birth toMunippus. WhenPriam was consulting the oracle inZeleia about the kingdom, he was advised to kill the new-born and the one who gave birth. It happened thatHecabe gave birth toAlexander, andCilla toMunippus. So, to spareHecabe, he killedCilla and her sonMunippus. So, they say,Laodice was swallowed up in the earth. "Secretly married" because [Cilla] secretly mingled withPriam from whom she hadMunippus.

§ 322  "To wash" to wash, to rinse; for a jar is an oil container, on which the ancients had the oil, which they used after washing.

§ 323  "You, raw": You,Polyxene, for the harsh or untimely loaves and "bridal" sacrifices - again from the common the inhuman and harsh or untimely - "will bring the grim" and dejected or worthy of grimness "lion of Iphis" andIphigeneia - he meansNeoptolemos - of his motherIphigeneia according toLycophron (183) "imitating" the sacrifices inTauris, "which" Iphida andIphigeneia the "crown-bearingbull will strike" and destroy with the "tripaternal sword" of "Candaon" andOrion "the terrible dragon" eitherDiomedes or some priest to the "wolves" and the Greeks "having divided" and thrown down and sacrificed "the first-slaughtered oath". Or all towards the "you indeed" must be composed; "which" some "you into the deep" - the trench is missing - as "Poimandria" andBoeotia "crown-bearingbull will strike" and destroy in the "tripaternal" and tridespotic "sword" of "Candaon" and ofAres whom we said "thelion of Iphidos, the terrible ready dragon". Now "first-slaughtered" not the first slaughtered but the noble. And the things of the thought are these, but the things of the history are thus: "You, raw":Achilles having fallen in love withPolyxene and for her having been killed in the temple ofThymbraeanApollo after the sack ofIlion asked in dreams the best of the Greeks forPolyxene, as loving her even after death, to be sacrificed to him. And they having taken herPyrrhos himself sacrificed her on the tomb of the hero, has become the hand, whom he calls "Iphis'"lion instead of the son ofIphigeneia. These thingsEuripides tells in theTroades (39) and in theHecuba (523). Whom the heroes at his tomb throughNeoptolemos his son sacrifice, asEuripides in theHecuba says. ButFlavius Philostratus saysPolyxene came fromTroy not yet sacked and she killed herself at his tomb, being held by longing for the hero and rightly reasoning that she will not have the good fortune of such a bridegroom (Her. p. 323).

§ 324  "Iphis" meaningIphigeneia and cutting off three syllables from one name how would it be narrowed for the poems?

§ 325  Pyrrhos imitating the lustrations of his motherIphigeneia. He means her xenoktonia inTauris.

§ 326  The "but which into the deep" the trench is missing; for they also sacrificed to those going down in hollow places. Poemandria is a city ofBoeotia which is also calledTanagra, where the bestcows are born fromTanagra; forPoemandros was its king. i. l. "Tanagra" - it was formerly called Poemandria. ×Steph. "Crown-bearing" but "bull" he saysPolyxene, since the Greeks adorned her as a bride. "Crown-bearing" he said, because they crowned and beat with flowers those being sacrificed. "Dragon" a kind ofsnake since first as a bride having adorned they thus buried.

§ 328  "He will strike with the sword of the three fathers." The meaning must be understood in two ways: if the speech is aboutIphigenia, the following would be the case:Iphigenia, whom he will throw into a deep trench like aBoeotian "cow" — the word 'like' is missing — "the terrible" murderer "dragon" — he is referring toDiomedes — having cut her throat, "he will strike with the sword of the three fathers ofCandaon." For bothCandaon andOrion are fromBoeotia, andDiomedes killedIphigenia with his own sword, "of the three fathers" becauseOrion was the son ofZeus,Poseidon, andApollo. But if the speech is also aboutPolyxena, it will be like this: "Whom"Pyrrhus, like a "Boeotiancow," will throwPolyxena into a deep trench, having "slaughtered" her, and he will write "of the three fathers" in the dative case; for he killed her with his father's sword, whichHephaestus had given as a gift toPeleus; and that sword was a three-father sword toPyrrhus, if it was indeed passed down fromHephaestus,Peleus, andAchilles. But "first-slaughtered" to the Greek "wolves," if it were said aboutIphigenia, it will be as much as the Greeks, having made their first oaths inAulis, killed her; but if it were also said aboutPolyxena as "first-slaughtered," it will be as much asAchilles was sacrificed for her, having come into oaths. But the first is better and should be taken from "whom into a deep" down aboutIphigenia; however, it is also possible forPolyxena. "Of the three fathers" forOrion, whom theBoeotians also callCandaon, is like this:Hyrieus, having a wife fromClonia, happened to be childless. Once,Zeus,Poseidon, andApollo visited thisHyrieus and he, having sacrificed acow, received them; they said to ask him what he wanted. But when he asked for a child, the three urinated in the hide of the slaughteredcow and from itOrion was born, calledOrion as if born from the urine, hence he also calls him three-father. ButDiomedes had the sword ofOrion. But forNeoptolemus, he says "with the three-father sword" to the three-master. ForHephaestus first gave this toPeleus,Peleus toAchilles, and fromAchilles,Neoptolemus received this. "OfCandaon" is now ofAres. "First-slaughtered" forIphigenia, because inAulis near theEuripus, the Greeks, making their first oaths, killed her. And this is false: for the first oaths were made forHelen inSparta, as thisLycophron said, and these second ones inAulis, when they also saw the things about the dragon, "having lifted the second yoke of oaths, they armed their sturdy" back with "woolen" (203). But forPolyxena, "first-slaughtered" is said according to the rest (130 16), becauseAchilles was sacrificed before her, having come into an oath with theTrojans. And these are the rest, but I say "first-slaughtered oath" for both, the victim slaughtered from the first and noble root for the sake of the oaths.

§ 330  "About you and the hollow"; the following: "you" and "around" the "hollow plain ofDolonci, a captive ambassador, destroyed by the people, will someone hide the cups of handfuls in the rain"... not hearing the 'i' of "plain". "You" and the "elder"Hecabe "or you", oh elderHecabe, cursing and cursing the Greeks "captive" and captured in the "destruction" of the people, stoned "someone will hide the cups" and a garment in the "rain" of the "handfuls" that is, she will be stoned, "when you change the structure" and the body "dark you will shear" and adog around the "hollow plain" of the "Dolonci" and theThracians. I have spoken about the stoning ofHecabe. "Plain" and "morning" as you wish to write; for the verse is flawless.

§ 332  "With attacks" she cursed the Greeks a lot, but they, not bearing her tongue, stoned her.

§ 334  "Shear"; they say that a castrateddog is now called a shear, but it has now taken it simply for the master; forHecabe was also transformed into adog. A shear is now adog from one of thedogs ofOrion calledMaira: but properly † a shear is a white-blackgoat.

§ 335  "At the tomb ofAgamemnon";Agamemnon isZeus inLaconia. ButPriam, having taken refuge at the altar ofZeus, was killed byPyrrhus. The "wretched" that is,Priam "who came to buy" to the "sooty" and burned "fatherland" byHercules bought from the "veil" of his sisterHesione "burning" and disappearing in "darkness the previously dim" name - for he was previously calledPodarces but bought with the veil he was renamedPriam - this "around the tomb" and the temple of "Agamemnon":Zeus orZeusHerceius, having tamed the "sole" and the base of the temple in a "spring" and white "lock beautifies" and will adorn. ForPriam, having taken refuge in the temple ofZeusHerceius, was killed byNeoptolemus becauseAchilles was also killed byAlexander in the temple ofThymbraeanApollo. ButZeusAgamemnon was honored inLaconia but not inTroy.

§ 336  "Spring" the black and well-fed elsewhere now but the white .

§ 337  "He towards the veil";Hesione, as I said before, whenTroy was destroyed byHercules, was led captive along with her brotherPriam, then calledPodarces.

§ 337  "He towards the veil"; whenTroy was destroyed byHercules,Priam, then calledPodarces, was led captive; but his sisterHesione, giving her golden veil, bought him, hence he was calledPriam and left him in his homeland hoping that it would be restored by him, which also happened. She was given toTelamon, from whomTeucer was born.

§ 338  "Sooty" instead of "sooty homeland". You know exactly howTroy, having been sacked byHeracles, was burned (29 21).

§ 339  "Before that"; this line is a tragic iambic, having an anapaest in the fourth place. cf. 281

§ 340  "When the turtle" - they meanAntenor - betrayedTroy to the Greeks for the reward of the subsequent kingship, hence they constructed thewooden horse and, inserting their best men, pretended to flee and came toTenedos. Some of theTrojans, suspecting it to be a trick, others thinking it was sent by the gods, command it to be shot with arrows and, having shot it, they bring it insideTroy.Antenor lights a beacon for the Greeks and opens the belly of thehorse and the best men who are in thehorse, in the night, opening the gates ofTroy, bring in the Greeks and in this wayTroy is captured. The meaning is this: whenAntenor, the destroyer of his homeland, having lit a heavy torch as a signal to the Greeks and having loosened the fearful ambush, the groaninghorse, from its belly, dragging the yoke; and thehorse gave birth to the best of the Greeks. The following is thus:Priam will be killed, "when the turtle" and the following. The turtle is a type ofsnake. s, i. l. He comparesAntenor to this. A water turtle. i. l. Either the old (340)Antenor will do this and that. A turtle is a sea turtle. He callsAntenor a turtle because of his rough skin due to old age. He wasPriam's brother-in-law, havingTheano,Hecabe's sister, as his wife. ForAntenor, desiring the kingship, betrayedTroy to the Greeks, promising to make him king, if they take control of the city.

§ 344  "OfSisyphus"; according to some,Odysseus is the son ofSisyphus; for they say thatAnticleia was first seduced bySisyphus and became pregnant withOdysseus, and then she lived withLaertes. "OfSisyphus";Odysseus is said to be the son ofSisyphus; forAutolycus, fromAmphithea, begotAesimus andAnticleia, who was deflowered bySisyphus. "Autaneusios" isSinon ofOdysseus; for he was the son ofAesimus, andAesimus andAnticleia were siblings, children ofAutolycus,Odysseus was ofAnticleia, andSinon ofAesimus. ThisAutolycus surpassed everyone in thievery; for stealing allhorses andoxen and flocks, he changed their brands and eluded their masters, asHesiod also says "for all that he took he made unrecognizable". ButSisyphus, by engraving his name with a single letter on the hooves and claws of his animals, recognized them, andAutolycus, having stolen some of these animals, changed their brands. But when he could not thus deceiveSisyphus, he made him his friend. And he, secretly mingling with his daughterAnticleia, made her pregnant withOdysseus. Later,Laertes married her.Aesimus, the brother ofAnticleia, begotSinon who, having disgraced himself, sat near thewooden horse. And the Greeks, asTryphiodorus says, "having thrown their own fire into the woven huts" (134) sailed towardsTenedos and theCalydnian islands aroundTroy. (From these islands twoserpents swam across, Porkis and Chariboea, and killed the son ofLaocoon in front of all the people, because he dared to strike thewooden horse with a spear. And this happened a little later.) Then, when theTrojans had descended and were deceived by the tricks ofSinon and had dragged this around the city and were overcome with drunkenness and joy and sleep,Sinon himself, as had been arranged with him, showing a beacon to the Greeks asLesches says "when it was midnight, and the bright moon was rising", he calls them through the beacon intoTroy and thus they captured it.

§ 344  "Lampouris" is a type offox with a white tail; so he callsOdysseus cunning forSinon was his cousin or rather his nephew; forSinon was the son ofAesimus, who was the brother ofAnticleia, children ofAutolycus. "Leukophryn" isTenedos, as has been said (106 10b).

§ 346  He callsTenedos 'narrow Leukophryne'; for it was so called before. 'Narrow' because it lies in the narrow parts of theHellespont. The Greeks, pretending to return home, burned their own tents and sentSinon to signal them when the time was right to return, and they withdrew toTenedos and theCalydnian islands aroundTroy.Sinon signaled them at the right time by lighting a fire, and they returned.

§ 347  "And of child-devouring Porkeus"; Porkeus and Chariboea are the names of dragons who sailed from theCalydnian islands toTroy and destroyed the children ofLaocoon in the temple ofThymbraeanApollo.Laocoon was the son ofAntenor. This was a sign of the fall ofIlium. Child-devouring Porkeus' islands refers to theCalydnian islands, from which the dragon Porkeus and Chariboea sailed and killed the child ofLaocoon in the temple ofThymbraeanApollo.Laocoon was a priest ofPoseidon and the son ofAntenor. This was a sign of the fall ofIlium.

§ 348  "I, the wretched one," refusedApollo's union as she desired to keep her virginity intact out of jealousy ofAthena. She hid her body in the dark prison. Then "violently the pheasant I, the wine" and the vine "will be drawn" as the "pheasant towards the cheese" or the vulture's union, and as the "wine" and the vine "with curved beaks" and with sickles "with hooks" or sickles. Misled by others, I also said "wine" vine. But it is not so, but wine is a kind of bird, asAelian says and as countless others, and "with curved hooks" or with curved claws.

§ 349  "With iron tools" constructions; a tukos is an iron tool for carpentry, with which they hew and smooth stones. "Weak" is primarily one who is deprived of strength, but metaphorically also anyone who is deprived.

§ 350  The "weak of beams" is deprived of wooden roofs: for beams are wooden roofs. ForPriam made a stone house in the shape of a pyramid and threw her in as if she were peeping. The meaning is thus: she made her body disappear under the dark "prison". ForPriam made a stone house in the shape of a pyramid and threw her in because she seemed to be mad or because she was his daughter and he did not want her to be useless as if she were peeping, hence she was deprived of "beams" and said "roofless roof" as if it were not a wooden roof, contrary to whatHomer says: for he rather speaks of well-roofed and well-roofed chambers as stone-roofed, writing this Z 248. And everyone who thinks likewise says this withHomer.

§ 351  Primarily, to be "halibdousai" means to be destroyed at sea, or to sink into the sea. AndCallimachus says "the islands are sinking" (fr. 269). To "halybdesai" primarily means to sink into the sea or to be submerged in the sea, according to the change of the long "i" into a long "u", or to "halidí̱sai". AndCallimachus says "the ships will sink", but metaphorically it also means to be crushed in any way. "Anorofon" does not mean the open air, but not having a wooden roof, but a stone one. "Lygaí̱s" means dark; for night is also called "lygí̱" and "í̱lygí̱". "Thoraíon" means the seed-bearing and generative; for it is the same as the sun, and the sun generates and nourishes and increases everything, asSophocles also says "the all-nourishing flame of the sun" (OT 1425). "Ptoon" was said (115 27b), from the fear of thepig. "Horí̱tí̱n" the same, because spring, summer and the rest of the seasons are completed through him. This man speaks everything in a mythical way. But the three are epithets ofApollo. "Thoraíon" and "Horí̱tí̱n" are epithets ofApollo.

§ 353  "Lí̱ptonta" means desiring. Some say "alektron demníon", understanding it as "unmixed". They say thatApollo fell in love with her, but she did not yield to him and he, being angry with her, made her so that when she prophesied, she would not be believed, as she also says below "for Lepsius has destroyed our trust" (1454). The story, thatApollo fell in love with her and wanted to have intercourse with her, is clear. But she did not yield, and he, being angry with her, made her so that when she prophesied, she would not be believed, as she also says below "for Lepsius has destroyed our trust" (1454).Apollo wanted to have intercourse with her.

§ 354  "Pammata" means all possessions. AndHomer says "Trojans, like thesheep of a rich man in his yard" (Δ 433). "Pepameni" from the verb "ktoomai" I acquire, I have acquired, I have been acquired, hence one 'm' should be written; but the copyists, I do not know why, write two 'mm' as if they do not know that even without this, the 'pa' is long.

§ 355  "In the jealousy ofPallas" in the jealousy ofAthena. Pallas isAthena, either from the shaking of the weapons - for she was warlike at birth, springing from the head ofZeus, shaking her weapons - or from lifting up the still-beating heart ofDionysus toZeus - forDionysus, also calledZagreus, the son ofZeus andPersephone, was torn apart by theTitans, and his still-beating heart was lifted up - or because in the battle between theGiants and the gods, she killed a Giant namedPallas. Or she killedPallas, her own father, who was winged and was forcing himself upon her, wanting to have intercourse with her, she who honored her virginity, killed him and wrapped herself in his skin as a shield and fitted his wings to her feet. Hence the Greeks deified her, just as they did the most warlikeAthena, who was the daughter ofItonius and the sister ofIodama, whomAthena killed in battle, asSimonides the genealogist says.Pherecydes says that the Palladia are the unmade forms and everything that is thrown from heaven to earth. And thePalladion ofAthena was such, a three-cubit wooden statue that fell from heaven inPessinous ofPhrygia, whenceDiodorus andDio say the place was named. Another historian says that the place was named from the many who fell there in the battle of the war, whenTantalus, the lover ofGanymedes, andIlus, the brother, fought over the abduction ofGanymedes. ButJohn ofAntioch says that thePalladion did not fall from heaven, but that a certain philosopher namedAsius, a mathematician, made it by the most beautiful horoscope to be invincible, the city where it would remain guarded and inviolable, and gave such aPalladion to theTrojan. But we must leave the allegories and the further extension of the story; for this man, as I have said many times, writes mythically.Apollodorus writes that afterIlus builtIlium, he prayed to see a sign following acow and then thePalladion fell, which was three cubits in size, standing on its feet, holding a spear in its right hand, and a distaff and spindle in its left. For they say thatAthena was raised byTriton, whose daughter wasPallas, and both were trained in war and came to rivalry. But whenPallas was about to strike,Zeus, fearing, raised the aegis, andPallas, looking up at the aegis, was wounded byAthena and fell.Athena, deeply grieved for her, made a statue similar to her and put it on her chest, which they call the aegis, and honored it, setting it up besideZeus. Later,Electra, approaching this, threw it intoIlium.

§ 356  "Of the one who hates brides"; this is clear that the one who honors virginity hates those who have been married. A virgin, also called a maiden and a young woman, differs from a bride, a woman, and an old woman; for a virgin is one who has not tasted the company of men, a bride is one who has recently been married, but has not yet given birth, a woman is one who is capable of bearing and giving birth, and an old woman is one who has lost the ability to give birth. "Laphrias";Laphria is an epithet ofAthena, either Laphyria who brings the spoils from war and in a battle isLaphria. It is similar to Ageleia who brings the spoils. "Pylaitidos"; this too is a symbolic epithet ofAthena. For they depicted her at the gates of cities and houses, as they didAres in the suburbs, symbolically suggesting that in cities and houses there should be counsel and wisdom, but outside these, one should defend against enemies.

§ 357  "Then violently"; he very wittily juxtaposes a pheasant and a vulture and a vine and a sickle; he says then that as a "pheasant" under a vulture instead ofAjax and as a vine with sickles "I will be drawn" then clearly, when the city is sacked. "Then violently"; he very wittily juxtaposes a pheasant and a vulture and a vine and a sickle; he says then that as a "pheasant" under a vulture underAjax for the purpose of being separated. But the "as" should be taken externally; for thisLycophron is accustomed to take.

§ 359  Thus BudeiaAthena is honored inThessaly. "The one who often indeed Budeian; the one who often has spoken out" and having called upon "a helper" a protector and a helper of the "marriages" that is a repeller of my violent marriages fromAjax ofLocris the "Kore" or virginAthena the "Budeian" and "Aithyian". These epithets ofAthena seem mythical to some. But wisdomAthena has acquired these epithets; for wisdom is Budeia, because it yokesoxen to the plow and cuts the furrows, and Aithyia, because wisdom also constructed ships and taught men to sail on them crossing the sea like aithyias. Aithyia is a foolish bird caught in the sea foam; for the children of the fishermen take the foam in their hand and throw it far towards the sea, then closer and closer, until they come upon their hands and catch them.

§ 361  "And she turned to the palace": thatAthena will turn her eyes to the palace, to the roofs, "looking up" she will be angry "with the army from heaven" at some point, "falling" on my "grandfather"Tros. This is said mythically that the image ofAthena turned her eyes to the roofs and was angry with the army,Homer (γ 135) callsAthena angry then the air: for with the winds blowing in the opposite direction, the fleet of the Greeks was destroyed.

§ 363  The "from heaven" because it was heaven-sent, they say, was thePalladion inTroy. Some say this mythically fell from heaven onTros, but I say more allegorically, as I also said before: A certain Asian mathematician philosopher, having made a horoscope and having astrologized well, constructed this to be the impregnable city, the inviolable city, guarding this. Hence, because of the horoscope and the astrology, they mythologized that it had fallen from heaven (138 10).

§ 364  "A very precious thing" a very valuable matter.

§ 365  "Because of one man's outrage"; instead ofAjax's sin, Greece will mourn many empty tombs of the Greeks who have been shipwrecked. They are accustomed to making tombs in their name for those who die elsewhere, whichLycophron calls false tombs (1048. 1181) and empty tombs and "empty inscriptions" (370). 6 "Because of one man's outrage"; but instead of the sin ofAjax ofLocris, all of Greece will mourn, lamenting the false tombs of the shipwrecked Greeks, that is, those Greeks who were shipwrecked not lying in tombs, but on the sea rocks not even guarding the ashes of their own remains burned in urns, as is the custom of the dead dying abroad, but guarding a pitiful name and inscriptions of false tombs, the inscriptions of the tombs being wet, that is, the tombs themselves with the hot tears of fathers and children and in the laments of the women of the dead. "Outrage"; what is the outrage? They say thatLocrianAjax, during the capture ofTroy, dragged awayCassandra who had taken refuge in the temple and was holding onto thePalladium ofAthena and there he had his way with her, andAthena, being angry, killed him at sea along with many other Greeks (Ap. ep. 5 22. 6 5). This is what many say, but the truth is this: he dragged her away from the temple where she had taken refuge and had her as a prize like the other commanders, whom each managed to snatch away. ButAgamemnon, having fallen in love with her, shares this withOdysseus, who proclaims thatAjax had intercourse with her in the temple. So it happened that she was taken away in this way byAgamemnon, and the commander was hated by the irrational crowd and the rabble. But the man, remembering the earlier insult ofAchilles, howBriseis was taken away from him, and also considering the unjust death ofPalamedes and fearing that they might also kill him by deceit, embarks on his ship in an unfavorable and winter time and when contrary winds blow, he is shipwrecked aroundTenos andMyconos orAndros andTenos and when the ship is broken against the rocks, the man, having swum bravely for a while, is saved around the Gyraian rocks. But when larger waves come more continuously, along with a part of the rock being cut off towards the sea, he is again dragged down and drowned. But all ofLocris, having learned what happened, mourned the man for a long time, wearing black, and every year filling a ship with magnificent sacrifices and throwing fire into the ship, and attaching a black sail without necks, she sent it to be burned at sea as a sacrifice to the hero.

§ 367  "Not in ossuaries": not buried in tombs and ossuaries according to custom, but in the rocks... the empty ones... "ofpiglets":piglets are the low rocks. The same are also called ants (878) and frying pans (382) and backbones (143 11) and caves (1081). "Ofpiglets":piglets, spots, ants, frying pans, backbones are called low rocks. But a jar and a larynx and an amphora and a jug and a sextarius are the same. The "nor the last ones hiding" is such: since it was customary then to burn those who had died elsewhere in the homeland and to carry their ashes in jars and larynxes and amphorae to the homeland, which happened in the H (334) of theIliad and forPatroclus andAchilles (ω 74). He says that neither will the Greeks die in their homeland nor will the bones of those who have died in a foreign land come to their homeland in jars, but they will perish shipwrecked on the sea rocks and these will become their tombs.

§ 373  "Ophelta": he turned the speech towards the places and the promontories where the shipwrecks of the Greeks were to happen; "O Ophelta andZarax, guardian" of the "piglets" that is, guardian of the hollows of the rocks instead of saying OZarax having hollow rocks. Ophelta andZarax are mountains ofEuboea around which the shipwrecks of the Greeks have happened. Ophelta is fromOpheltes who was also calledArchemorus, who was the son ofLycurgus priest ofNemeanZeusZarax was named after Zarax the son of Petraeus son ofCarystus. The sameZarax according toPhalaris (ep. 92) and others is now calledCaphereus but theCaphereus more colloquially is called Xylophagos.

§ 374  "Trychai" is a city ofEuboea. ButLycophron translating calls it "Trychanta". Steph. "Trychata" andNedon andDirphossus are mountains ofEuboea. "Trychata" is a mountain ofEuboea and "Nedon" similarly andDirphossus and Diakria are mountains ofEuboea. But DirphossosEuphorion callsDirphys "Dirphys dusted over the rough underEuboea" (fr. 83 Mein.). "Dirphys" is a mountain ofEuboea asEuphorion. Steph. Diakria are mountains ofEuboea, because thereHephaestus,Athena andPrometheus were distinguished,Hephaestus saying that the man is beautiful,Prometheus that the house is beautiful,Athena that theox is beautiful. These are what the myths say. "Guardian of the recesses" is the one guarding the recesses of the hog-back rocks. "Zarax" is a promontory inside having as a gulf the rough rocks, around which the Greeks were shipwrecked. But spots and caves (1081) are called low and rough rocks.

§ 376  "Goleia" and "Phorkynos' dwelling" are the descents to the sea. "Dwelling" of "Phorkynos" is the sea, named after the residing spirit. "Rhachias" are the rough rocks, named after the spine. "Anekbatos" is a place from which there is no escape or exit. "Dinai" are "palirroiisi", the currents that bend back on themselves.

§ 381  "Of the tunas": he calls the Greeks tunas, and tigana (frying pans) are the broad rocks. "Elokismenon" means hollowed out, destroyed so as to seem to have furrows cut by the rocks. "Of as many tunas": he calls the Greeks who are in danger tunas. The following: "Of the tunas elokismenon" and cut the "rhaphas" of the "kratos" in the frying-pans and broad rocks. "Rhaphas" are the connections of the heads. The following thus: "Of the tunas pro" pans hollowed out "rhaphas kratos". The "d' ek methes" lacks the "as if" they are drunk. From the common "stenagmaton akousete".

§ 382  "Of the kataibates": the Greeks, after the fall ofTroy, sailing away, were destroyed by the dark air and winds and thunderbolts, asEuripides says in theTroades as fromAthena, and again as fromPoseidon. "Kataibates" is the scepter, the one carried down and striking and sudden thunderbolt. There are five types of thunderbolts: the prester, also called fiery, which is formed when the wind is brought down and ignited and thinned; the scepter, also kataibates, which is formed when the fiery wind thickens; and arges, which does not burn due to its extreme thinness, but darkens; psoloeis, which kills by touch; and helikias, which makes twists and spirals by being pushed against the thickness and moisture of the dense air.

§ 384  "When they are heavy-headed: when the sinter" that is,Nauplios, the father ofPalamedes, "shows" around CapeCaphereus, the cape ofEuboea (373), a "lamp" and beacon "guide of darkness" keeping awake and leading the Greeks, who are heavy-headed "from drunkenness". The as is not missing, so that it is as if they are heavy-headed, but it is well so. ForHomer also writes thus in theOdyssey (g 139). The story is as follows:Odysseus, not wanting to sail toTroy with the Greeks, pretended to be a fool. So he yoked ahorse and anox and plowed.

§ 386  "The sleepless sinner":Palamedes, being the wisest of men in his time, sailed toTroy with the Greeks.Odysseus, jealous of him, accused him in the army of intending to betray them toPriam and, as often happens, the Greeks, being persuaded, stonedPalamedes. His father,Nauplius, in anger for his son, first arranged for their wives to be seduced,Clytemnestra byAegisthus,Aegialeia bySthenelus, andIdomeneus's wife byLeucus, and similarly for the rest. When he heard of the Greeks' return to their homeland, he lit fires around theHollows of Euboea, where the Greeks, thinking it was a harbor, sailed towards and were destroyed there. ThisPalamedes, the son ofNauplius andClymene, the daughter ofCatreus, being the wisest of men in his time, is accused: for he placesTelemachus, the son ofOdysseus, in front of him plowing. But when he took hold of the chariot, so that his child would not be killed, he was convicted. Therefore, bothOdysseus andPalamedes sailed toTroy with the Greeks.Palamedes, however, due toOdysseus's envy and his fabricated charges, is accused of betraying the Greeks toPriam. Therefore, the Greeks, being persuaded, stoned him and thus he was killed. Later, a shrine of the man was established on the mountain ofLepetymnos inMethymna. Then, learning of his death, his fatherNauplius sailed to the Greeks and demanded punishment for his son's death, but returned unsuccessful, as everyone was favoring KingAgamemnon, with whomOdysseus had killedPalamedes. Sailing past the Greek lands, he arranged for the Greek women to be seduced,Clytemnestra,Agamemnon's wife, toAegisthus,Aegialeia,Diomedes's wife, toSthenelus, andMeda,Idomeneus's wife, toLeucus, who also killed her andCleisithera, her daughter, who had taken refuge in the temple, and similarly for the rest. He also seized twelve cities ofCrete and ruled them, and after theTrojan War, he expelledIdomeneus, who was returning toCrete. All these things happened due toNauplius's schemes. Later, hearing of the Greeks' return to their homeland, he lit a beacon around theHollows of Euboea and the place we mentioned, CapeCaphereus, now called Xylophagou, where the Greeks, thinking it was a harbor, sailed towards and were destroyed. As forPalamedes,Euripides says in the dramaPalamedes, "he made - a muse".

§ 385  He refers to the beacon as the 'guide of darkness', which led them toHades. This is a figure of speech known as paradoxology.

§ 387  He callsAjax ofLocris 'diver', and the kingfisher is a small bird. They say the male kingfisher is called 'herald'. The term 'such as' is used generally, such as 'naked seabream', which is a type of sea fish. 'Such as the diver; the naked one' and the soldier 'seabream' — he is referring toAjax ofLocris — or the 'naked seabream' and the naked one will carry the 'wave through a narrow pipe' and the long sea like a 'herald' or rather a male kingfisher that is good at swimming 'between' the two 'hogback rocks' being tossed about. 'In' theGyrae 'rocks' he will be saved and making his wings waterproof against the sea, he will fall back into the sea 'from' the 'banks' and rocks, struck by the trident and the triple wave ofPoseidon and the sea, and he will sail with the whales and the other fish, whomThetis will later bury, hidden by the waves, around the Tremous locality ofDelos. The male kingfisher is pronounced with a sharp tonos through the 'η' and isDoric, while 'herald' is pronounced with a diphthong and is proparoxytone in theAttic way, as Euphronios says. But you should understand that we and the Attics andDorians write 'herald' equally, while theAeolians use a diphthong. For they write and say things likePeleus andNeleus and similar words with a diphthong, as theDorians mostly write more and less with the 'η' and similar words. But we must talk about the kingfishers and whatAntigonus says: when the male kingfishers grow old, the females carry them with their wings, and in their cohabitation, when they grow old, the males die. But I will leave the foolish and mythical story of the cuckoo and the kingfishers.

§ 389  "Between the two" eitherMyconos andTinos orAndros andTinos (141 22) or between some rocks around the rocks calledGyrae. AndHomer says, "FirstPoseidon drove him toGyrae" (δ 500). "Tossed about" instead of being tossed about. Eg (EM 708 56)

§ 391  "But he properly rendered 'drying his wings' allegorically to the 'herald'. But 'between the two' is betweenTinos andMyconos, which are islands of theCyclades. ButTinos andMyconos are islands of the Calydnians. And he called the narrow place a pipe. TheGyrae were primarily the rocks whereAjax perished. But the 'second brine' fleeing, he says, the first, then being driven by the trident, he will drink a second time from the pull of the sea. They say that when he was being tossed about,Poseidon saved him, but he, standing on a rock, exclaimed thus: I was not saved by my god, but by my own power. Hearing these words,Poseidon, striking him with his trident, choked him. 'With the three-clawed spear' means with the trident.

§ 393  "Punisher" wasPoseidon or the sea because he is the one who punishes and avenges and shakes the earth.Poseidon was a "servant", since he servedLaomedon when he builtIlium withApollo.Poseidon was a "servant", since he servedLaomedon during the construction ofTroy "on the day whenPoseidon andApollo made the high wall of the well-built city" mythically.

§ 395  "Cuckoo"; it lacks the 'as' in 'as a cuckoo boasting of vain insults'. Alternatively; the cuckoo is a cowardly bird, similar to a hawk and talkative, hence it does not flock with the other birds due to its cowardice. It is also discordant, which theRomans call a cuckoo. Therefore, either because of its solitude,Ajax was compared to the cuckoo or because of its vain utterance; for the bird is noisy and babbling. "Insults" are the taunts and insults andHomer says "he said he could not escape the great surge of the sea" (d 504) "insults" of insults. But I say mouths, the insults and chatter through the mouth.

§ 397  "Dolphin"; it lacks the 'as'. The dead body ofAjax is expressed on land; for thedolphin, knowing him to be dying, comes out onto land, asOppian says (H. II 629) "ray ofSirius";Sirius is properly called thestar of the dog as alsoAratus "sharpSirius and people call itSirius" (Ph. 331) but metaphorically also the sun. Therefore, it says that just as the "dolphin" body is expressed, the "ray of the sun dries it up", that is, it dries it. "Salted" as salted and rotten "Nesaea's" but "grief" isThetis sister asHomer "Nesaea andSpeio" (Σ 40), "Discus" but ofZeus; for the stone given toCronus is a discus, hence alsoZeus is Discus. The same is honored inArcadia asCynaethus; "helper" butZeus's that is,Thetis the helper. AndHomer says "but you, goddess, having come, released him from bonds" (A 401) "ray ofSirius" is the solar or sun metaphorically.Sirius is properly a star, one lying under the chin of the constellationdog, which the common people call the name of the wholedog, cynastron. But about thisSirius star,Aratus says in the Phenomena "sharp - they call -Sirius. Dries up" and "dries up" means dries or instead of shines. For I dry up is pronounced without the aspirate, I shine is pronounced with the aspirate, hence we also say I shine. But "dries up" instead of shines is said to be a charm and a witticism; for to say it shines the dead is graceful. The thought is this; the sun dries upAjax thrown out through the sea as adolphin's body. It lacks the 'as', as salted and rotten she will hide it, having pitied. The "Nesaea's grief" that is,Thetis the helper of the greatest Discus orZeus.Thetis is the helper ofZeus as alsoHomer "but - bonds".

§ 398  "And with moss and seaweed"; moss is what sticks to sea rocks, either woolly or plant-like, and seaweed is what is cut off and floats in the water. "Decayed" now means worn out, but originally decayed meant weak, having worn out joints.

§ 399  "Nesaea's helmet";Nesaea is one of theNereids, daughter ofNereus andDoris, the daughter ofOceanus. "Helmet" of "Nesaea" now isThetis. From what is implied, it is understood: for he says "the great disc's helper". No other of theNereids was a helper of the Disc, or clearly ofZeus, but onlyThetis. He callsZeus the Disc because of the stone that was swaddled in place ofZeus byRhea and swallowed byCronus, asHesiod says in theTheogony (485) "stealing and corruptingOrpheus'Theogony" (fr. 108 Ab.). These things, both the stone and the swallowing, are allegories of noble birth and the help ofZeus fromThetis "whenever the otherOlympians wanted to bind him,Hera andPoseidon andPallasAthena" (A 399): butLycophron writes all things mythically.

§ 400  Zeus Kynaios is honored inArcadia; for theArcadians are farmers (Al. 479) and hunters and they honored him indog hunts and sacrifices ofdogs.

§ 401  "And the neighboring tomb";Leto's sisterAsteria, fleeingZeus's union, transformed herself into a quail and flew into the sea and became an island, which was called after herOrtygia and Asteria and later was namedDelos byLeto who gave birth toApollo there.Leto had a sisterAsteria, whomZeus loved and gave her to mate with. She persuaded her sister and transformed into a quail and went to the island ofMyconos. It was calledOrtygia from her, becauseZeus mated withLeto and made her pregnant withArtemis andApollo, and because ofHera's jealousy, neither on land nor at sea would receiveLeto for childbirth,Zeus commandsPoseidon and gives up this islandOrtygia, previously called Asteria, hiding in the waters and still trembling (402) and from her appearance they named herDelos. SoLeto went there and first touching a laurel and a palm tree that appeared there, she gives birth toArtemis, and she assists her, and gives birth toApollo. AndArtemis heldDelos, andApollo went toLycia. Therefore, he callsDelos a flying quail. AndMyconos is a neighbor ofDelos, whereAjax is buried. "Trembling" is a place name; so a place is called nearDelos whereAjax is buried. It is appropriately called so because of the shaking ofDelos and trembling in the past. The meaning is this; but "Trembling" is a place name, "the tomb" clearly ofAjax, the "neighbor" of the "flying quail", that is, ofDelos, "will guard" the "roar" and sound of the "Aegean sea", that is,Ajax having died will no longer be disturbed by the waves. And this figure of speech is a charm; for in a place called Trembling nearDelos liesAjax theLocrian nearTinos andMyconos, which are islands around theAegean sea. TheAegean is said to be so, because like agoat it is wavy with brine (64 16).

§ 403  "Melina" is a city ofArgos, from whichAphrodite Melinaia is honored. MelinaiaAphrodite, perhaps because of the sweet and pleasant nature of the union. "Kastnian"Aphrodite the adulterous. Kastnian is the one who makes strangers brothers and friends through love. For lovers caught say: he is my brother or relative. "Melinaian" the same because of the pleasantness of the company.

§ 404  "Painful" is the sorrowful one byHades "he will denounce" and insult. And this is a charming figure of speech.

§ 405  "She will wrestle him" she will hunt him with the ropes ofEros. He speaks of the action, which she was forced to do in the temple ofAthena and to ruin the girl. "She will wrestle him"Aphrodite orEros himself "will hunt him" in "ropes" and nets of "madness" or lack of self-control, under which, as they babble, he mingled withCassandra in the temple ofAthena.Oistros is a tiny insect, which, occurring in the jaws ofoxen or in the ears, drives them mad and leads them over cliffs and into the sea and fire. If it happens to fish, madness drives them out of the water onto the land.

§ 406  "Erinnyes":Erinnyes are mythically three punitive demons, whose names areTisiphone,Megaera, andAlecto. According toHesiod and others, they were born from the drops of blood from the genitals ofUranus, but according toAeschylus,Erinnyes are "children of eternal Night".Epimenides also says that they were born fromCronus likeHesiod, saying "from him the goldenAphrodite with beautiful hair was born, the immortalFates and theErinnyes with varied gifts". Allegorically,Erinnyes are the punitive forces from living in love and on earth or from fulfilling curses.Tisiphone from punishing murderers,Megaera from grudging and envying the wicked,Alecto from not ceasing to punish such people, and children ofCronus and Night because these punitive forces come invisibly and unseen.

§ 407  "But having removed the wax-drawing" having moved the drawing to wax, from which it is deadly. "Wax-drawing" is the drawing to wax, that is to death, from which it is deadly.

§ 408  "All pain": he says summarily that all of Greece will groan because of my violence in marriage; for a large number of Greeks will be shipwrecked and eaten by sea monsters, and those who are driven by the winds to a foreign land will die there.

§ 409  "As much as Araithos"; Araithos is a river ofEpirus, whichCallimachus also mentions; for he says "and thecows by the winding track of Araithos" (fr. 203).Leibethra is a city ofMacedonia from whereOrpheus came from, as he says "now come, tell me,Muse, of the girl fromLeibethra" (fr. 17).

§ 410  Dotium is a cape ofOlympus; therefore,Dotium connects withLeibethra and he says that as much land as Araithos andDotium have between them, they have all of Greece, asDotium is inMacedonia, and Araithos is inEpirus; these places are almost the extremes of Greece, as if someone were to say the extremes ofThrace areByzantium andAenus. He called the "gates ofDotium", asDotium ends in a narrow place and closes like gates. These places will mourn because of my marriage.

§ 411  "To whom my own" to which men and even toAcherusia there will be mourning because of my marriage.Acherusia is a lake ofHeraclea ofPontus and the riverAcheron, which is now called Soonautes. Mythically,Acherusia andAcheron are a lake and river ofHades, from the grief and afflictions that flow from the relatives of the dead.

§ 411  "For many"; the following of the speech thus. "For many" sea monsters with "many-rowed jaws, I will be devoured in" their "entrails" and "will be buried" instead of being swallowed by the sea beasts; and the sea monsters are curved. "For many in the entrails of curved" and sea monsters "I will be buried countless" and immeasurable "I, being devoured" in "many-rowed jaws" instead of being swallowed by the sea beasts; and the sea monsters are curved. The teeth lying in the jaws in a row? But "deserted by all" the younger ones commonly take also instead of friends, butHomer only for those related by marriage.

§ 417  "For the child-nurturing wanderer" — he meansPhoenix — "most hated by the father" and hated by the "mortals, who" the father "made him a hostage" and blind whenever "he lay in" the "illegitimate bed" of the "three-rowed" that is, when he mingled with the father's concubine eitherClytia orPhthia, this "will hide him, theDawn" city ofStrymon, the "Bisaltia" and Thracian "the anchor" and neighbor of the "Apsynthians" andBistones, who are Thracian tribes near theEdonians andMacedonians, will hide him before the "dawn" and see the "Tymphestian rock" and cape "the" city ofDawn inThrace, whereNeoptolemus buriedPhoenix when he died when he sailed to his homeland. About thisDawn, theAthenians defeated theMedes and the remainingAthenians set up three stone Hermeses for the victors and inscribed seq. "Was — helplessness". Of these inscriptions, the oratorAeschines remembers (Ctes. 83).Strymon is a river ofThrace, Bisaltai is a tribe ofThrace and Apsynthians andBistones likewise. ?"Bisaltia" city and region ofMacedonia from Bisaltos child of theSun andEarth.

§ 418  TheBistones are fromBiston, the son ofAres. "Bistonia" is fromBiston, the son ofAres andCallirhoe, the daughter ofNestor. He was the brother ofOdomas andEdonus. Some say he was the son ofPaion, the son ofAres. The Apsynthians andBistones are Thracian tribes, henceApollonius speaks ofOrpheus. TheBistones are from the son ofAres,Biston, or the son ofTerpsichore. Similarly, theEdonians are a Thracian tribe. However, theEdonians andEdones are different; theEdones are those who live by the sea, theEdonians are those who live inThrace. He callsPhoenix "nurturer of youth" because he was the nurturer ofAchilles, and "old man" because of his old age; for "old man" is a type of crab. Just as crabs have a hard surface, so do old men. TheEdonians andEdones are Thracian tribes, but theEdones live by the sea, theEdonians live in the inland. He callsPhoenix "old man" because he is old and hard-skinned, and "nurturer of youth" because he raisedAchilles when he was a child. He said "nurturer of youth" and "old man" to distinguish him from the wine-nurturing old man. There is a small crab that feeds on sea mussels, asOppian says.

§ 420  "Typhrestos" is both a city and a mountain inTrachis, named after Typhrestos, the son of the river godSpercheios. Or it could be named after the ashes ofHeracles. The mountain is referred to in the masculine, the city in the feminine, asEuphorion says "of the cowherds,Trachinian, of the steepTyphrestos". Typhrestos is a city inTrachis named after the ashes ofHeracles or from Typhrestos, the son ofSpercheios. The mountain is also referred to in the masculine as Typhrestos. "Typhrestos" is a city at the edge of Menalia named after Typhrestos, the king, or because it was covered in the ashes ofHeracles.

§ 421  "Most like his father":Phoenix, the son ofAmyntor, slept with his father's concubineClytia orPhthia according to some, at the request of his motherCleobule. He was then blinded by his father.Phoenix fled and came toPeleus who took him toChiron and persuaded him to heal him. These are the myths, but the truth is as follows: when his father found out that he had slept with the concubine, he cursed him never to have children, which he also refers to as eyes.Phoenix fled and came toPeleus who took him toChiron's cave, showed himAchilles being educated there, and handed him over to him saying: "Here is your son, raise him from now on and educate him, as a father should raise a beloved son." And for this reason, they made up the story thatPeleus took him toChiron who made him see again.Oppian also says "children dearer than light and life". But the blinding ofPhoenix should be understood symbolically, because he became childless, and not literally as most people say.Homer agrees with me: he says fromPhoenix toAchilles and something like this he says "but you" - "defend".

§ 422  "Having pierced" the "tetrenas" and having thrown out the lamps or the eyes.

§ 423  "Into the illegitimate"; for he mingled withClytia, his concubine. "Homeros" refers to the blind, hence the poet is better calledHomer than Melesigenes because he was born to a certainMeles.

§ 424  "And the three" are the "kauekas" and seagulls, namelyCalchas,Idomeneus, andSthenelos, "will embalm" and bury "in the glades" and the tree-filled places of "Cerkaphos"; Cerkaphos is a mountain ofColophon, not far from, not distant but clearly near the "drinking places" and the waters of the Ales river ofColophon.

§ 425  But again, "kauekas not far away";Demetrios says that the Aineians call the seagull kauekas.Ales is a river ofColophon, which he poetically called "Alenta". Molossos, Cupeus, and Coetos are epithets ofApollo. "Swan" perhaps refers toCalchas because of his prophetic ability; for the bird is both musical and sacred to the god. He said "Alenta" and not Alentos in theDoric dialect. He named them "kauekas" because they are white from old age like seagulls. Kaue is the seagull according to the Aineians, asHipponax also says "Cicon" is the "pandaleetos ammoros kaue" (fr. 2). "From afar" write the small 'po'; these, however, ignorant of the meter, write this large. But you should know that the rough can be extended, when he wants, the verse writer perhaps to the double, as I also previously told you (107 19) bringing this as an example "Trojans —snake". But if you think this is less, listen also to the lines ofHipponax againstMneme the limping painter: "Mneme has been defeated, no longer paint a triremesnake fleeing from the ram towards the helmsman"; "for this is a disaster and a sign to Nicyrti and Saboni the helmsman, if asnake bites his shin" (fr. 49). Behold, thesnake, the 'o' is long, extended by the 'ph' being rough, as you will also find many other things looking. So also the "from afar" being small is considered long by the extension of the 'th'. But those ignorant of the meters write this large and they do not even know why it is large; but if you write this large, even say that I write large byAttic extension as the dotes / dotes potes / potes and the like. "The Molossos"; having said three above now he says each one and firstCalchas. ? "Molossos" and "Cupeos" and "Coetos" are epithets ofApollo "Molossos", because he is honored inMolossia, "Cupeos" of the one who puts on a cloak like a garment — he is the same as the sun; for kupas (333) is said to be the garment — , "Coetos", because the sun is sperm-producing and the cause of intercourse as life-giving. "Swan"Calchas because of the old and prophetic; for the swans foresee their own end and then sing a melody more melodiously asAeschylus also remembers "like a swan — lament" (Ag.r 1399).

§ 427  "The sow's strays"; a prophecy was given toCalchas that he would die when he met a seer greater than himself. But when he was brought beforeMopsus the seer and a rivalry of prophecy arose,Mopsus, seeing a pregnant sow, asked him how manypiglets it carried in its womb, to whichCalchas did not respond. ThenMopsus, seeing a jar filled with figs, asked him about their quantity and measure. WhenCalchas could not answer, it is said thatMopsus stated both the number ofpiglets in the sow and the measure of the figs. Defeated,Calchas, understanding the prophecy, killed himself. Therefore, he callsMopsus "a rival", competing and arguing with him about prophecy.Thestor the son of Aglaia andApollo's hadCalchas for whom he prophesied that he would die when he met a seer greater than himself. After the destruction ofTroy,Calchas himself and others,Amphilochus,Leonteus,Podalirius,Polypoetes, leaving their ships inTroy, travel on foot toColophon and there they buryCalchas; for they were received byMopsus, son ofApollo, a seer, and son of Manto, andCalchas, who competed with him through the prophecy of a wild fig tree, askedMopsus how many figs the tree bore.Mopsus said ten thousand and a medimnus and one fig more. And it was found to be so.Mopsus then askedCalchas about a pregnant sow, how many it carried in its womb and when it would give birth. But he said nothing, he himself said: it carries tenpiglets, one of which is male, it will give birth tomorrow. When these things happened andCalchas understood the prophecy, he despaired and died. Others say that he killed himself.

§ 428  A phelex, olynthos, fig tree and a dried fig differ; for a phelex is called a wild fig, a fig is a domestic one, a fig tree is an unripe one, a fig is a ripe one, and a dried fig is a dried one.

§ 431  "The fourth one", he refers toIdomeneus. ForZeus is calledErechtheus inAthens and inArcadia, either because he presentedRhea toCronus a stone instead ofZeus or from the word erechtho which means to move; for through him the earthquakes occur. So he says "fourth" fromZeus, that is,Idomeneus; forMinos andRhadamanthys andSarpedon are fromZeus, andDeucalion is fromMinos, andIdomeneus is fromDeucalion. Having to say second, why did he say "fourth"? The writing is correct. And consider; for earlier he said: the three will be buried by the glades of Cercaphus, firstCalchas for the reasons we mentioned; now he says "again" that is, the second, the "fourth" generation fromZeus, that is,Idomeneus; forMinos is fromZeus andEuropa,Rhadamanthus andPhoenix,Deucalion is fromMinos andPasiphae, the daughter of theSun, andIdomeneus is fromDeucalion andCleopatra. But he lies aboutIdomeneus, saying that he was lost with the rest; forHomer in theOdyssey says seqq. g 191. 192 that he was expelled inCrete under the curse ofLeucus or Amyktus ofTalos, who rebelled and destroyed ten cities ofCrete.

§ 432  "They callIdomeneus the 'brother ofAithon', and 'Aithon' they say ofOdysseus; but this is not so, rather he says it of the Aithon in the stories. And the 'in writings' is also nonsense; forOdysseus did not write, but having gone toIthaca unknown, he was inventing, saying that I am calledAithon, and I am fromCrete, brother ofIdomeneus (t 181).

§ 433  "And the third of the 'wooden walls' he callsSthenelos. 'Wooden walls' properly are wooden walls; but now he speaks of the wall of theThebans. And they say that the third of those who went away inColophon isSthenelos, the son ofCapaneus who undermined the walls of theBoeotianThebes, whomZeus struck with lightning for his arrogance, asEuripides says in thePhoenissae (1181). 6 'Wooden walls'; having mentioned above the first and second, whom he said were going to die inColophon, now he also mentions the third, who isSthenelos. And this again is a lie; forDiomedes himself also came toArgos unharmed with those with him, one of whom was alsoSthenelos; for he was his charioteer. And about their departure toArgos,Homer speaks in theOdyssey (γ 180). But laterDiomedes, about to be killed by his wifeAigialeia, flees toDaunia and to be more precise,Calabria (Al. 595). 'Wooden walls' properly are wooden walls, but now he uses it metaphorically to speak of the walls of theEctenes andThebans. ?"Ectenes"; theBoeotians were so called just as also theHyantes because they were beastly andpig-like. Eg (EM 311 36 EG 158 40) But I do not know why he calls theThebansEctenes, unless somehow he says those from "once beasts". For theThebans were slandered as being beastly and ignorant, so asPindar said to the choreographerAineas, come on then do this and this, so we escape the ancient reproach of the pig ofBoeotia. (Ol. VI 148). But another historian says: TheHyantes, a barbarian nation, settled inThebes. But the common people in their common speech made a corruption of the name instead of sayingHyasBoeotianpigBoeotia saying. AndPhrynichos the tragic poet also mentions this nation in the dramaPleuronians saying "an army once on the land the foot ofHyantes turned, who inhabited the land ancient people; and all the plain and the coastal slab where the flame was kindled with the jaws of thewolves". AndSthenelos was a descendant ofCapaneus who undermined or was about to undermine the walls of theBoeotianThebes. Whom "Gongylates" whomCapaneus took andZeus killed the "Gongylates", through whom the gongs and clenched hands are moved, "the Boulaios", through whom also the deliberation is for men, "the Mylaios", through whom men move the mills and the teeth, or the bread-giver, from the mill.

§ 436  But the phrase "with a herdsman's / driver's whip" if taken densely, refers to the one who drives the impious, but if taken simply, to the one who is driven excessively. He speaks of the thunderbolt. "With a herdsman's / driver's whip" refers to the thunderbolt or to the one who is driven excessively, hence it should be taken simply, or to the one who drives the herds and the polluted, hence it should be taken densely. But a herd is a filthy thing, from which is also said the holy is filthy,Hipponax says "thus they cursedBoupalos with a herd" (fr. 11). About the boldness ofCapaneus and his thunderbolt strike,Euripides says in the Phoenissae. The walls ofThebes were built byAmphion andZethos, sons ofAntiope ofAsopus, whomZeus, having intercourse with her, fathered them.

§ 437  "When blood relatives" (of the "ploughing"Thebes or the thunderstruckCapaneus) when? When the daughters of Night, the Furies, "armed" the brothers of their father - he speaks ofEteocles andPolyneices - against what "armed"? "Against excess" and desire for self-killing fate. Clearly, the scheme is interpretive. "Self-killing" those who are about to kill each other. The story is as follows "when blood relatives": this speaks ofEteocles andPolyneices, he says they are brothers of their own father sinceOedipus, the son ofLaius, having killed his father unknowingly and marrying his motherJocasta also unknowingly, asHomer says inOdyssey "he who having killed his father married" his mother (l 273), had from herEteocles andPolyneices andIsmene andAntigone, hence those were brothers ofOedipus and sons. Recognizing his mother, he blinded himself.Jocasta hanged herself. The mother herself died by hanging, as alsoHomer says seq. l 278. His children, fighting over his kingdom, killed each other,Eteocles holdingThebes and its people,Polyneices theArgives. His children, fighting over his kingdom, killed each other,Eteocles fighting on behalf ofThebans,Polyneices with theArgives destroying them. ForAdrastos theArgive gave his daughter to him, among whom wasCapaneus, who intending to destroyThebes was struck by thunderbolt byZeus.Homer mentions him in Books Delta and Zeta.

§ 440  "Suicides"; a place called Derainos inAbdera, where there is a temple ofApollo Derainos, whichPindar mentions in his Paeans (fr. 41 Bgk.). "Dogs of Derainos" then, are like the offspring ofApollo, that is, the seers. "Two" are the two seers,Mopsus the son ofApollo andManto the daughter ofTeiresias, andAmphilochus the son ofAlcmaeon, the son ofEriphyle, the sister ofAdrastos the king andAmphiaraos the seer's child, the "dogs", the genuine seers, who were accustomed to theApollo honored in the place of Derainos inAbdera, whichPindar also mentions in his Paeans as "suicides" and those "slaughtered by each other" and dead "will fight with spears" and will wage the "last battle". The figure of speech is a joke; for no one fights after dying. It is also badly formed, ill-tempered and envious; for he should have said, they will wage war, not a battle. At the same time,Amphilochos the son ofAmphiaraos andMopsus the seers came toCilicia .... After this,Amphilochos, wanting to separate toArgos, entrusted his kingdom toMopsus, ordering him to guard it for one year. But when the year was fulfilled,Amphilochos came andMopsus did not yield, so they disputed with each other about this and were killed by each other; those who lived there buried them and built a tower between their graves, so that they would not even share with each other after death, asEuphorion also says "EchoingPyramos", "Mopsos andAmphilochos set a dispute over the city of Mallon, and having set a dispute, they went alone to the gates ofHades" (fr. 50). And so many say thatAmphilochos went toCilicia withMopsus. Others say, asApollodoros also does (ep. 6 19):Amphilochos, afterAlcmaion, campaigned toTroy in winter and was thrown toMopsus and they slaughtered each other fighting for the kingdom. As some say (III 95),Amphilochos inhabited the so-calledArgos Amphilochikon near theAcarnanians. But "having been cut down" is said in reverse; for they do not fight after dying, but they die fighting. Otherwise. They will be killed fighting the last battle.

§ 444  "Magarsos" is the greatest hill inCilicia nearMallos. And the MagarsianAthena is established there. Steph. "Magarsos" is a city ofCilicia between the tomb ofMopsus andAntilochus and the sanctuary of MagarsianAthena.Demetrius in his first book aboutPamphylia says that it was named after the daughter of Pamphylos (FHG IV 382). But where will they wage war? Under the "heels" and the lower places of the "towers" of Margasos. "Margasos", according toDemetrius who wrote aboutPamphylian matters, was the daughter of Pamphylos, after whom the city ofMagarsos was named. He metaphorically and vividly called the city after the heroine, the daughter of Pamphylos, just asHesiod called the bird, the swallow, Pandionida (E 568). The city ofMagarsos lies near the outflows of thePyramos river (Al. 439). He called the seers the "dogs" ofApollo (440) from the metaphor of thedogs that love their master or because among all other irrational animals, only thedog looks back at the statues. "Halibros" is the one who is fed by the sea, hence this seems to me to be written greatly. "Ochmos" now means tower. "Hagnon": how did he say "pure" of thelambs that killed each other? He did not say this looking at the murderous aspect, but because both were seers. "Hagnon" of "lambs" because they were killed after waging war.Eratosthenes also mentions this.

§ 447  He says thatTeucer,Agapenor,Acamas,Praxandros, andCepheus were carried off toCyprus. "The five," saysTeucer,Agapenor,Acamas, and with themCepheus andPraxandros, "having been led astray toCyprus, will settle there.Teucer, my relative, was driven away by his fatherTelamon for not having helped and defendedAjax in his death.Agapenor, having come toCyprus, will 'mine copper', whose father theCalydonianboar killed. The third,Acamas, the son ofTheseus who took the arms ofAegeus from the rock, whoseAcamas, once having gone as an ambassador toTroy withDiomedes, was loved byLaodice, the daughter ofPriam, and she bore him a son,Munitus, whomAethra, the mother ofAcamas, will place in his hands after the destruction ofTroy, saying to him: 'Behold your son, whomMunitus, hunting inThrace with his fatherAcamas, asnake struck and killed, and his motherLaodice, mourning him, will die, whom this chatterboxLycophron previously said was swallowed by a chasm of the earth whenTroy was being destroyed. In the midst of these, he makes a roundabout comparison, saying: 'WhenAethra will give him to his fatherAcamas, whom alone of all theAttic womenCastor andPolydeuces enslaved, those such and such, whomCastor andPolydeuces, oh saviorZeus, do not send as helpers toHelen who was seized a second time, nor sendProtesilaus, nor let these men come out from the same ships onto the land of theTrojans, norIdas andLynceus; for they will not be able to endure this war against theTrojan walls for one day, even if they haveHector as a bulwark. ThenCassandra comforts herself and says: 'But we haveZeus as a helper, who will throw a love of strife into them, when they receiveAlexander, who will also be killed by each other, fighting over the marriages of the same cousins or ex-nephews ofPhoebe andHilaeira, except forPolydeuces alone. Then the filthy one uses other comparisons and says: 'And of these men, the god will sharpen our spear for us, another great multitude of Greeks will stir up and lead, whom not evenAnius will be able to satisfy with grain, wine, and oil. Then she says also about the other two. ButCepheus andPraxandros, the fifth, that is, the fourth of the generals whom I mentioned, will arrive inCyprus; for first isTeucer, secondAgapenor, thirdAcamas, these two are the fourth. "Sphaceia";Cyprus was formerly called Sphaceia, asPhilostephanus says in his work OnCyprus, from the men who settled there, who were called Sphaces. And it is also called Cerastis, asAndrocles says in his work OnCyprus, because men who had horns settled there, but asXenagoras says in his work On Islands, because it has many prominences which they call horns, it was named Cerastis. "Sphaceia" thus —Cyprus was called — Sphaceia and Cerastis,Cyprus. ×Steph. "Cyprus" — it was also called Cerastis from having many peaks — and Sphaceia. Steph.

§ 448  They say that "Satrachon" is a city and a river ofCyprus. Some write "Setrachon" with an 'e'.Hyle is aCypriot city, in whichApollo is honored asHylates. But "Hylates" is an epithet ofApollo; forHyle is a place around theKourion area ofCyprus, asanctuary ofApollo, from which they call the godHylates..

§ 449  They say that "Morpho" is a wooden statue made forAphrodite by theSpartan lawgiver, symbolizing the prohibition of maiden's lewdness or persuading them to be like the goddess. Others say it was because ofHelen's transgression.Aphrodite ofCyprus, from the verb "morpho" i.e., to shape. "Zerynthia" isAphrodite inThrace. For there is a cave calledZerynthos inThrace, whereAphrodite is honored. For not only are there sanctuaries ofAres inThrace, but also ofAphrodite. "Zerynthian" is also written as "Troizenian". Or "Troizenian" because there is a sanctuary ofAphrodite inTroezen, established byPhaedra when she fell in love withHippolytus, the son ofTheseus andHippolyta, theAmazon's child.

§ 450  BecauseTeucer will be banished fromSalamis by his father.Teucer will be banished, he says, fromSalamis by his fatherTelamon because ofAjax. For they say thatTeucer, sailing toSalamis and being driven away by his fatherTelamon for not defendingAjax, went toCyprus, foundedSalamis, settled there, and marryingEune, the daughter ofCypros, had a childAsteria.

§ 451  "Cychreos";Cychreus son ofSalamis andPoseidon. This man reigned over theSalaminians, asEuphorion says in theHippomedon, "for such wasCychreus in the ballot ofSalamis" (fr. 17). Some say this was the double-naturedCecrops. Others say that once asnake was ravagingSalamis and made it uninhabitable, untilCychreus killed it, and for this reason he was called Anaxiphos. But "Cychreus" is genitive according to dialect. AndCychreus was also called Anaxiphos. ThisCychreus was also calledCecrops, the so-called double-natured. FromCychreus ofSalamis andPoseidon; he was called Ophis (snake) because of his rough manners.Cychreus Pagos hill. But I also write 'η' in 'chre', even if everyone does not know why they write this diphthong. For I say: asPeleus is ofPeleus, so alsoCychreus is ofCychreus.

§ 452  But "of the same blood" means relative, because he was fromHesione, who was the sister ofPriam, given toTelamon as a prize when he sackedTroy withHercules. But he wrongly calledTeucer the womb-brother ofAjax; forAjax was fromEriboea, andTeucer fromHesione. "Of the father" means of the womb, of the womb-brother, they write and say wrongly to say the poet; forAjax andTeucer were not womb-brothers, butAjax was the son ofEriboea, the daughter ofPorthaon, andTeucer was the son ofHesione. But now I do not blame the poet, but the copyists; for finding "of the father" written faintly, they wrote "of the womb" instead. But I blame the poet more for saying "as a murderer" ofAjax; forTeucer was not driven out as a murderer, but as not defending.

§ 453  "The illegitimate offspring of the colt" refers either toAjax, due to his impetuousness and strength in battle, or toTelamon, which is better. "Colt": some arrange it this way "as a murderer" of the "gastric colt" either ofAjax, which I write as "paternal", others, however, mark up to the "murderer", they start from another beginning thus the "illegitimate offspring" of the "colt" either ofTelamon. "Offspring" is like a child. "Relatives' harm" becauseTeucer, who was related to them, waged war against theTrojans. Of theTrojans, due to the Homeric seqq. Θ 297–299.

§ 456  "The raging" ofAjax, because in his madness he destroyed the flocks of the Greeks. As "murderer" of the "paternal"Ajax who went mad because ofAchilles' weapons and destroyed the Greek flocks. The story is as follows:Ajax, in his madness because the armor ofAchilles was given toOdysseus, destroyed the flocks of the Greeks. The Greeks later reproached him and he himself was killed with a sword, whichHector gave him when they fought each other. AndHomer seqq. H 303 "gave" - 305.

§ 455  "Pouring":Hercules wrappedAjax in the skin of thelion, so that he would be invulnerable.Pindar also testifies to this (Isthm. VI 67). The following: the skin of the savagelion madeAjax invulnerable, leaving only one deadly way on his side, which the quiver hid. Otherwise. He says there is only one way toHades, in as much as one place onAjax's body was vulnerable, hidden under the quiver; the rest of the body was invulnerable. Some say this was around the collarbone, others around the ribs, asAeschylus says inThracians (fr. 78 N). "Charonos": Charon is alion among theMacedonians. The story is as follows: In theNemean region ofArgos, there was alion invulnerable to iron and all kinds of missiles, whichHercules crushed with his own hands and used its skin as a cover. Being a friend ofTelamon, who was childless and once sacrificing toZeus, he was invited by him to enter his house and sacrifice to his own fatherZeus in this way, standing with the lioness, and pray to become: a male child for him.Hercules, taking a golden wine-carrying phiale, sacrificed and prayed for him. And after the prayer, aneagle flew and he says toTelamon: you will have a son, whom you will call Aetos according to the sign. And having given birth toAjax, he called him Aetos, thenAjax. When he grew up,Hercules covered him with the lioness and gave it to him (Al. 455) under which, as they babble (supr. 3), he was invulnerable except for the place alone according to some of the covered formerly by the quiver, whenHercules wore it, whenAjax, under the shield. Others, however, say thatAjax was vulnerable under the key (supr. 9); these are nonsense, so the truth is as follows.Ajax, being a right-handed soldier and having fought many wars, was never wounded by keeping himself best and covering himself with the shield. But when he himself killed himself by pushing the sword against his side or neck, it was mythologized that he only had these places vulnerable.

§ 458  "Quiver" is the case for arrows. "Scythian quiver" is that ofTeutaros, whom he previously (41 5) saidHerakles taught archery. But I said that others claimEurytos orRhadamanthys taught him, being his paternal relatives.

§ 459  "Comyros" is forZeus; forZeus is honored asComyros inHalikarnassos.

§ 461  And "Aitas" instead ofHerakles, as he was called by theLacedaemonians; for he lovedAjax, therefore, embracing him in his arms and praying for him toZeus to remain unharmed. "Aeita" generally means friend inDoric. But the commentators who write it with an 'i' are babbling.

§ 462  And "for he will not be persuaded" he says,Teukros speaking to his fatherTelamon that the "Lemnian" and the warlikeAjax killed himself. For theLemnians, asHellanicus says, found armory (227). "Lemnian" isAjax, hot in battle or harsh and fiery. AndHomer says "great TelamonianAjax would not yield to a man" (N 321). Therefore, he is also the "heavy-heartedbull", "most hostile" ofHector's guests. But that he killed himself withHector's sword,Sophokles also testifies (Ai. 658).

§ 463  "The burning" and the fierce wind ofEnyo and war —Enyo is an epithet ofHera — "never turning to flight, the heavy-heartedbull" asHomer also says seq. N 321. He callsAjax a burning because he is fiery and hot in battles. "Most hostile of guests" ofHector. For having fought a duel withHector and the battle being evenly matched, they became friends and gave each other gifts "Ajax gave a shining purple belt" (H 305) after whichHector, having been killed byAchilles, was dragged from his chariot in fear.Ajax then tookHector's sword and with it killed himself, asSophokles says.

§ 466  He callsAjax self-made, since he killed himself.Antikleides, however, says that he was shot byParis and died.

§ 467  "Trambelos' helmet" he refers toTeucer. For after the fall ofIlium byHerakles,Telamon received an exceptional prize,Theaneira also known asHesione asIstros says in Symmiktois (FHG I 421). But she, having become pregnant byTelamon, fled from the ship and came toMiletus, having crossed the sea between it andLesbos †T I say she was bought fromPriam (337). At that time,Arion was king ofMiletus, who found her hidden in the forest, saved her and raised her son namedTrambelos as his own son. But when the campaign againstIlium took place,Achilles came toMiletus, then killedTrambelos who resisted him. But admiring his bravery and learning that he was son ofTelamon, he buried him and mourned him for a while as a relative. Therefore,Theaneira is the "wife" of the father. Otherwise. The brother of the son ofTelamon or ofAjax,Teucer.

§ 469  "Given": He refers toTelamon, the one who sackedTroy. ForHellanicus (FHG I 64) reports that even beforeHerakles,Telamon enteredTroy and, having demolished part of the wall, then observed and learned, and for this reason, he established the altar ofHeraklesAlexikakos (Herakles the Averter of Evil) and appeased his anger for what he had done.Hellanicus (FHG I 64) also reports that beforeHerakles,Telamon enteredTroy and, having demolished part of the wall, he entered. But whenHerakles drew his sword against him,Telamon, observing this, piled stones around him for this reason, to annoyHerakles. And when he asked, "What is this?"Telamon said: "I am about to raise an altar toHeraklesAlexikakos." And so, the anger ofHerakles was appeased, and he gave himHesione, also known as Theaneira, as a prize.

§ 470  "With speeches" means with public speeches.

§ 472  "To send threefold": They say thatPhoenodamas, having three daughters, was forced byLaomedon to expose them to the monster. He gathered an assembly and argued thatLaomedon, being the cause of the evil, should expose his daughterHesione, and he persuaded theTrojans. Therefore, she was given to the monster in the north.Herakles, having found her, saved her by killing the monster. Otherwise: He saysPhoenodamas, who persuadedPriam to giveHesione to the monster. For this reason,Laomedon, being angry withPhoenodamas, gave his three daughters to some men who came to the desert ofLibya to let them become prey for wild beasts. One of them, having intercourse with the river Cremissos in the form of adog, gives birth toAigestes, who there built three cities:Aegesta, Atalla, andEryx.

§ 471  "greydog" means sea-monster. "Babax" means the orator, from "bazo" which means "I speak".

§ 476  "But instead of a small bird": The beast, that is, the monster, "a small bird" is a small, beautiful sea bird. "Pipo" is a beautiful sea bird, but now he callsHesione this. "Scorpion" refers toHerakles because of his murderous nature. "Bad pain" refers toHerakles, who was the monster that swallowed her. "Grey" refers to the eye, "white" to the whole body.

§ 478  "The second one": The syntax is as follows: "The land farmer"Agapenor "the self-feeder" who got his birth from "thewolf-shaped meat-eaters ofNyctimus" — he says thatNyctimus was born from an oak — what meat-eaters ofNyctimus? Those born before the "moon" and those who "endured at the top" winter in the "fireplace of oak logs, coming second" afterTeukros to the "island" ofCyprus to "dig for copper".

§ 479  "The second" is about Agenor's story of theArcadian, "island" he says isCyprus. "Hunter" is the hunter, as much asArcas was the race, but the mainlanders are hunters. Or wild, as much as theArcadians used wild food before, that is, the acorn as well as the proverbial oracle "many acorn-eating men are inArcadia.

§ 480  "Inland" becauseArcadia is in the middle of thePeloponnese.Homer also shows this by saying they don't have ships because they live far from the sea, so he says sqq. B 612-614. "Inland" is the one living in the middle of thePeloponnese,Arcadia, asHomer also shows they don't have ships because they live far from the sea, so he says sqq. B 612-614. They were acorn-eaters. 6 "Before" but "moon" because theArcadians are before the moon "of beech" but "oak food" the food from the oaks; food is the sustenance. "Descendants" but "of the oak" sinceArcas while hunting encountered one of theHamadryad nymphs in danger of being destroyed by the oak, in which the nymph had been born, by a torrential river being destroyed. "Descendants of the oak";Arcas the son ofZeus orApollo andCallisto the daughter ofLycaon asCharon the Lampsacenian says while hunting encountered one of theHamadryad nymphs in danger when the oak in which the nymph had been born was being destroyed by a torrential river. He raised her and fortified the land with earth. The nymphChrysopelia by name according toEumelus cohabited with him and boreElatus andAmphidamas, from whom are theArcadians asApollonius says "but he was paying his father's recompense" (B 475) seqq. vv. 476-478 — "myth". Or sinceAgapenor was from the line ofDryops, andDryops was the son ofApollo andDia the daughter ofLycaon.Apollo cohabited with her and made her pregnant who having given birth to the baby was raising it at the trunk of an oak, hence he was namedDryops and from him theDryopes aroundParnassus, asHelios says "Zeus — killed" (Ap. A 1213).

§ 481  "In the form of she-wolves": It is said thatZeus, having been offended byLycaon, the latter sacrificed his youngest child to him and presented a certain child namedNyctimus. However,Zeus, being angry, not only struck the perpetrator with a thunderbolt, but also many others, only sparingLycaon and a few others who begged for mercy. He then overturned the entire table, from which he named a city inArcadia,Trapezousa. He also transformed many others intowolves and for this reason a mountain inArcadia was namedLycaion. Thegoat was wrong to say: for he should have said "in the form ofwolves". For not she-wolves, butwolves have become the sons ofLycaon according to this. The story is as follows:Pelasgus was the son ofZeus andNiobe, to whomLycaon was born fromMeliboea or, as others say, fromCyllene. This man, having become king of theArcadians, was shown to have fifty sons from many marriages. But an impious offspring of children was born, among whom wereMenaros,Thesprotos along withNyctimus,Caucon,Lycus,Phthios,Teleboas,Haimon,Mantinos,Stymphalos,Cleitor, Orchomenos and others who all, as I said, excelled in impiety and arrogance.Zeus, disguised as a humble man, came to them, and they, inviting him to hospitality, slaughtered one of the local children, whose entrails they mixed and presented at the table.Zeus, disgusted, overturned the table, hence the place is now calledTrapezeus inArcadia, and he struckLycaon and his sons with a thunderbolt, except for the youngest,Nyctimus. WhenNyctimus took over the kingdom, the flood in the time ofDeucalion occurred because of the impiety ofLycaon's sons. Another version:Zeus dined as a guest with theArcadianLycaon. His sons, making an attempt to see if he was a god, butcheredNyctimus and mixed his flesh with the other meats and presented it toZeus. He, being angry, overturned the table, henceTrapezousa is a city inArcadia, and he killed the sons ofLycaon with a thunderbolt and continuously struckArcadia with thunderbolts, until the earth, beggingZeus, extended her hand, hence they say that the first truce was made among theArcadians. He also transformed some ofLycaon's sons intowolves. I don't know howLycophron said they took on she-wolf shape, unless he had to say one species instead of another, instead of "in the form of bears". ForCallisto, as they mock (Ap. bibl. III 100), the daughter ofLycaon, was a companion ofArtemis, with whomZeus, disguised asArtemis, mingled, and he made her a bear to deceiveHera, from whomArcas was born. From this lineAgapenor is descended. "Butchers ofNyctimus": this is nonsense; for they did not butcherNyctimus, but another local child, asApollodorus (III 98) and others say.

§ 482  "Of those before the moon"; first consider this, that even adverbs have the movable 'n' when a vowel follows, but no longer when a consonant does, as I write and for this reason I am often criticized by many of the ignorant who attach their own weakness to me. "Of those before" but "moon" - since theArcadians were pre-lunar. They were nourished earlier by acorns. TheArcadians used to roast acorns over fire. For they were nourished before the gathering of the moon by roasting acorns over fire. And the oracle says "many acorn-eating men are inArcadia" (Her. I 66). The following is thus... or because the insolent are said to be pre-lunar; for to insult is to moon. But others slander them as fools, saying they are ancient and older than the moon. The more allegorical interpretation is this. For astronomy, the year, months, equinoxes and such things were discovered byPan, the king of theArcadians, orAtlas ofLibya (879), who calculated the months from the moon, and later byThales. Others say that theArcadians first showed sacrifices to the gods, first asheep, second a whitehorse, third oak leaves, hence thePythia says "many acorn-eating men are inArcadia".

§ 483  "With ash"; ash in the language is called ash. TheArcadians used to roast acorns over fire.

§ 484  And "he will mine copper" since there are many copper mines inCyprus. He says therefore thatAgapenor, coming fromArcadia, will work copper inCyprus. 4. But I say that he will arrive inCyprus, where there are copper miners; for it is unseemly for such a general to become a copper miner. But I say the figure is by implication or for charm.

§ 485  "Gnuthos" instead of "bothros". And every hollow is so called.

§ 486  "Where he was born" - the father. ForAgapenor was the son ofAncaeus. This man, having gone out against theCalydonianboar, was killed by it. 4 The breadth of the storyHomer (I 529) says: andSoterichus says in theKalydoniaka... but theCalydonianpig, first living aroundOeta (486), came toAetolia because ofArtemis' anger, becauseOeneus did not sacrifice to her seq. "Others" - I 535. Therefore, that one is calledOetaean fromOeta.

§ 487  "In the torments" of the "bubon"; torment is the bend, from which he has indicated the bend of the thigh, "thrillixas" instead of breaking; for around the top, he says, of the bubonAncaeus was struck. "In the torments of the bubon" crushing the body in the circumference of the bubon. Bubon is the place of the hip; what this wisest manLycophron calls bubon, I do not know whether it is the barbarism and chatter of the man or my ignorance. For now he says thatAncaeus was struck in the bubon, then shortly after he says "striking the ankle irresistibly" (493): but I again recognize the ankle as the parts around the ankle. Therefore, not knowing a bubon-ankle according to this wisest man who also tells countless false stories and often contradicts himself and not only others, as it seems, I am ignorant.

§ 488  "The wretched man knew";Lycophron is mistaken about the homonym. For "much lies between the cup and the edge of the lip" was said about theSamianAncaeus, who was the son ofPoseidon andAstypalaea, ruling overSamos.Aristotle in his Constitution of theSamians (fr. 530) says that whenAncaeus planted a vineyard, one of his household said that he would not taste the wine from it. This is nonsense too; for a prophecy came toAncaeus ofSamos, who was a wreath-bearer, not to drink from the vineyard. For thisAncaeus, being the son ofPoseidon andAstypalaea ofPhoenicia, planted a vineyard according toAristotle, the compiler of the Peplos. A seer then said to him: you will not drink wine from this. Having squeezed the fruit of the vineyard at the wine-press, he took it into a cup to drink and called the one who had said it, proving him to be a liar. But the one, inspired by God, said that "much lies between the cup and the edge of the lip". Then aboar was ravaging the land and a cry went up,Ancaeus threw away the cup, and going out first, was killed by it. ButLycophron accepted this aboutAgapenor son ofAncaeus, son of Actor †T andEurythemis †T, daughter ofAcastus, and about theCalydonianboar.

§ 491  "The same man"; he says that the teeth of the deadboar killedAncaeus. They say thatAtalanta was the first to throw a javelin at it. 4

§ 492  "Storthynx" primarily refers to anything ending in a sharp point, but here it refers to thepig's tooth. "Dedoupos": if it means "killer", as I write, it should be interpreted as such: as "dedoupos" and being carried by the sound "the killer" and about to kill him,Ancaeus "defended himself" and punished him by "striking him relentlessly" on his groin. But to write "killer" is foolish in the case ofAncaeus, forAtalanta shot him, andMeleager killed him by striking him on the forehead with hisboar-killing spear.Ancaeus did nothing noble against him, except that, raising his axe to strike him, he was killed by a blow from him. So it should be interpreted in the case ofAncaeus, but in the case ofMeleager thus, which is the deepest and my own thought. "The same storthynx" and either theboar "dedoupos" killed "the killer" eitherMeleager "defended himself by striking relentlessly the top of his ankle" either his ankle and foot of the "dancer" and fastest warrior. Not that theboar struck him around his feet, he said this, but he says this charmingly and wittily, that he defended himself by binding his foot and making him unable to walk because he was killed in such a way. For having taken theboar's head withAtalanta and the skin as a prize, he gives it as a first-fruit offering. But because of this, his mother's brothers became very upset and became his enemies and he killed them.Althaea, his mother, being upset because of what happened to her brothers, burned the brand from theFates, which she kept as a guarantee ofMeleager's life, being kept intact. Some say it was an olive leaf, not a brand, which she ate during her pregnancy and gave birth to withMeleager and kept carefully, having learned this from the seers that as long as the leaf was kept safe,Meleager would be safe, but if it was destroyed,Meleager would also be destroyed. So, because of her brothers' grief, she burned it, went into the bedroom, and finding her son dead, she killed herself as well. This is how I say to interpret "the killer".

§ 494  Third isAegeus, the son ofPandion or Scyrius according to some or according toLycophron (1324)Phemius and adopted byPandion, reigning inAthens, he first marriesMeda, the daughter ofHoples, secondChalkiope, the daughter ofRhexenor. As I found elsewhere, he had one wife, Autochthe, the daughter ofPerseus. But as he had no child, fearingPallas,Nisos, andLycus, his brothers, he goes toPytho to consult the oracle about having a child, and this oracle was given to him: "the foot of the protruding wineskin, the best of peoples, do not untie, until you reach the height ofAthens."

§ 474bis  "And thirdly,"Aegeus, the son ofPandion, king of theAthenians, having been withAithra, the daughter ofPittheus, inTroezen, hadTheseus from her. He left his sword and sandals withAithra, saying: when the sandals and the sword fit the child and he is able to carry them, then let him take them and go toAthens. And he did so. Therefore, having grown up and taken the arms, he went toAthens to recognize his father. He refers to a hollow rock inTroezen. AndCallimachus says it is called Collouraia (fr. 66). Being perplexed by the oracle, he comes toTroezen toPittheus the interpreter of oracles, who, having made him drunk, made him lie with his daughterAithra. And whenAithra became pregnant,Aegeus placed a sword and sandals under a hollow rock, asPlutarch andCallimachus say, stating "he placed his works under a rock inTroezen Collouraia with the sandals" (fr. 66). And he himself goes away toAthens, and he instructsAithra, if a son is born from her, to show him the rock and, taking the sword and putting on the sandals, when they fit him, to sail toAthens, which he also did, having grown up, for the recognition of his father.

§ 495  "The phrase 'giant's offspring' is ambiguous, whether it refers to the one 'who snatched from' the 'rock' the 'weapons' of the 'giant', so that the story is aboutAegeus, or the son of the 'giant' who took the 'weapons' from the 'rock', so that the story is aboutTheseus, which is better. He callsTheseus a 'giant' because he isAthenian and earth-born fromErechtheus. 'Offspring' of the 'giant'Theseus 'who snatched' the 'weapons' clearly refers toAegeus from the 'hollow rock' or the 'giant' should be understood as referring toAegeus, which is also better. ForAegeus isAthenian and earth-born and fromErechtheus. Some also say that he is one of those who sprang from the teeth of the dragon inThebes (111), asAndrotion also says. Thirdly, he says thatAcamas, the son ofTheseus, went toCyprus, from whom a mountain is also calledAcamas. Some say not onlyAcamas, but also his brotherDemophon went toCyprus. 6 'The one who once into bed' is an antithesis: 'who once will come into secret bed' clearly refers toAcamas 'the distant Idanian' and a heifer, that is,Laodice. 'The one who once into bed':Diomedes andAcamas, the son ofTheseus, before the Greeks set sail, were ambassadors to theTrojans forHelen. And it happened thatLaodice, the daughter ofPriam, slept withAcamas and bore a son calledMunitus. 'The one who once into bed':Diomedes andAcamas, the son ofTheseus, before the Greeks set sail, were ambassadors to theTrojans forHelen. ButLaodice, the daughter ofPriam, fell in love withAcamas, slept with him and bore a son calledMunitus. Fearing, she gave the baby toAethra, the mother ofTheseus, that is, the grandmother ofAcamas, to raise him. ForAethra, the daughter ofPittheus, was withHelen inTroy, having been abducted fromAthens by theDioscuri, for which reason he is about to speak. But whenHelen was again abducted byAlexander, she willingly went with her, and even thisAethra persuadedHelen to followAlexander. SoLaodice gaveMunitus to thisAethra to raise, and she, knowing that the child was her grandson, took him and raised him. But whenTroy was captured and she was recognized byAcamas, she took him with her, bringing alsoMunitus. But when they arrived inThrace and went out hunting, asnake woundedMunitus and so he died, asEuphorion says, 'She bore him a sonMunitus in a sailing season, but inSithonia and in the foothills ofOlynthus a monstrous hydra killed him while hunting with his father' (fr. 55). "She who lives inHades";Laodike, during the siege ofTroy, prayed and sank into the earth so as not to become a slave. "Idaian" then "far off" allegorically refers toLaodike. 4 And so it is, but the intention is this: of the five, whom he said were going to depart toCyprus, the third to leave will beAcamas, the son ofTheseus, who took the arms ofAegeus from the rock.Acamas, with a few ships, approaches the ThracianBisaltians andPhyllis, the daughter of the king there, falls in love with him, and her father betroths her to him with the kingdom as a dowry.Acamas, wishing to return to his homeland, begsPhyllis and her people a lot, swearing to return, and leaves.Phyllis escorts him as far as theNine Ways and gives him a small box, saying it is sacred to MotherRhea and not to open it, unless he despairs of his return to her. He, having gone toCyprus, settles there. And when the appointed time has passed,Phyllis, having made curses againstAcamas, kills herself.Acamas, having opened the box and been seized by a phantom, mounts hishorse and, driving it recklessly, dies; for thehorse having stumbled, he is thrown from its back and impales himself on his own sword. Those who lived under him settled inCyprus. "Porris" and "portis" the heifer through two 'rr'; for "portis" was and by the expulsion of the 't' and the redundancy of the 'r' "porris". The verse is a choliamb, which is a variant of the iambic meter. The copyists or even the poetLycophron themselves, having written with one 'r', appear ignorant of the art of grammar and also of meter, as they seem not to know that the choliamb is classified under the iambic meter. It is better to limp and stumble in the foot than to be completely ignorant in the discourse.

§ 497  "She who lives inHades"; alas, how,Lycophron, do you write things that are inconsistent, contrary to everything and more so to yourself? For having said above in your measured writings seqq. Al. 316-318 that is, she will fall into a ravine and die, when the Greek army with strong power would destroy the beautiful-buttocked plain ofIlium, having said these things beforehand, now you speak contrarily; for you raise again the one who died before falling into a ravine and you make her die again among the dead, as you say, due to the misfortunes of the bite of the Thraciansnake ofMunitus.

§ 499  But the "Creston'ssnake" is a Thraciansnake from a place ... asEuphorion says "she who bore to himMunitus in the sailing season" (fr. 55 M). "Creston" ofThrace; for it was so named afterCrestone, the daughter ofAres andCyrene.

§ 502  "Darkness" instead of "gloom", inDoric; for theDorians put 'd' instead of 'g'.

§ 503  "To her alone the yoke";Peirithous andTheseus, one being ofZeus, the other ofPoseidon, having made a friendship, agreed to seize a daughter ofZeus. Having therefore seizedHelen, they entrust her inAphidna ofAttica toAithra, the daughter ofPittheus, but the mother ofTheseus. ButCastor andPolydeuces, theDioscuri, the brothers ofHelen, having ravagedAttica because of the abduction ofHelen, takeAithra captive to his shame, who, whenHelen was again abducted byAlexander, was carried off with her toTroy.

§ 501  "When the son ofAkamas was born" butAithra was a captive. For theDioscuri, because of the abduction ofHelen byTheseus, tookAthens and took nothing from the city exceptAithra, the mother ofTheseus, to his shame, who went withHelen toTroy. AndHomer says "Aithra, daughter ofPittheus" (Iliad 3.143) 4 "Andox-eyedClymene". Hence he called her a captive as having been taken captive by theDioscuri. As a ransom for the abduction ofHelen byTheseus.

§ 505  "Ransom" but "of the abducted" instead of "of the abductedHelen" "toAithra alone" "having imposed a servile yoke" the ravagers of theAthenians. The sense is this: when after the destruction ofIliumAithra will giveMunitus to his fatherAkamas, and 4Munitus will die inThrace. 4

§ 504  "Actaion'swolves"; TheDioscuri, having campaigned againstTheseus on the Coast — The Coast (Akte) was whatAttica was called of old (111) — spared everyone in the city exceptAithra. Therefore, theAthenians, admiring them, called themAnaktes, that is, gods and saviors. He speaks of the ravagers and plunderers of theAthenians, meaning theDioscuri. The Coast was calledAttica either from KingActaion or because most ofAttica is a coast or is by the sea.

§ 505bis  The reason is missing. i. l.

§ 506  "Shell" of the egg, from which they were born. Each of them used half of this egg as a helmet. It was said long ago (88) thatZeus, having taken the form of a swan, begets them from an egg, as they jest, each of whom used half of the shell of the egg as a helmet.

§ 506  He called the revolving, divided part of the egg a "whorl".

§ 507  "Korse"; Korse is primarily referred to as the meninx, but now he refers to the head, asEmpedocles does in his work "On Strife": "As many heads sprouted up without necks". cf. 30 18

§ 508  "The rest are worm-eaten"; Thrips is the worm that occurs in wood, since the ancients used such wood as being safer because no one could counterfeit the wood that had become like a seal due to the worm. Otherwise, before hidden seals were found, the ancients sealed with wood eaten by thrips because they were full of holes. "Worm-eaten seal"; the following... the mind; they compared the rest ofAttica to a sealed cheek, having taken nothing exceptAithra alone, and her through the dishonor ofTheseus, who went toIlion withHelen.

§ 508  The following is thus: "Which indeed towards the course of the stars" which are their deeds, the protective and beneficial ones towards humans, "worm-eaten seal"; the following... the mind; having enslaved and capturedAithra alone as a ransom forHelen, they will leave the rest ofAttica as if sealed and unshaken. "Which indeed towards the stars"; which benefits, which indeed they showed to theAthenians, they will deify them and count them among the stars.

§ 510  The following is thus: "Which indeed towards the course of the stars" which are their deeds, the protective and beneficial ones towards humans, will be the "ladder" of the way to heaven, that is, they will go to heaven. For theTwins were made stars in honor of theDioscuri, asEuripides says in theOrestes throughHelen seqq. 1631 she — 1635 "need" and a little later seqq. 1683 "I" — 1690 "of the sea".

§ 511  "To the half-dead"; andHomer [says] "sometimes indeed living"; for they were alternate-day [beings]. "Lapersioi" but to theDioscuri. ForLas is a city inLaconia. Or the warriors from the destruction of the people. Lapersioi from the destruction of the city ofLas inLaconia. Or from the destruction of peoples (laous), that is, to the warriors.

§ 511bis  "Regarding the 'half-dead': 'half-dead' and 'half-mortal' differ; 'half-dead' is said of someone who is heartbroken and already half dead, while 'half-mortal' is someone who is half mortal and half immortal, either half-gods or someone who spends a day among the living and a day among the dead, like theDioscuri. The story goes like this:Hyacinthus' brother wasCynortes,Cynortes' son wasPerieres, with whomGorgophone the daughter ofPerseus, according toStesichorus, ofTyndareus,Icarius,Aphareus andLeucippus.Aphareus andArene's sons wereLynceus andIdas,Leucippus and Philodice's daughters werePhoebe andHilaeira;Icarius andPeriboea had five sons andOdysseus' wifePenelope.Tyndareus andLeda's sons wereCastor andPolydeuces, and fromZeus wasHelen.Castor andPolydeuces, having abductedPhoebe andHilaeira, married them.Polydeuces andPhoebe's son was Mnesileos or Mnesinous, andCastor andHilaeira's children wereAnogon orAnaxis and Aulotoe. These women were abducted by theDioscuri fromMessene and married. After drivingcattle withIdas andLynceus, they allowedIdas to divide theArcadiancattle. He, having cut acow into four parts, first said that whoever ate his portion first would own half of thecattle and the second would own the rest of the herd. SoIdas ate his portion and his brother's and drove thecattle toMessene. TheDioscuri, having gone to war, drove that herd ofcattle and many others, and they also capturedIdas andLynceus.Lynceus, seeingCastor, informedIdas, who killed him.Polydeuces, pursuing them, killedLynceus with a spear, but was struck by a stone pillar fromAphareus' tomb byIdas, and fell, his head darkened.Zeus struckIdas with a thunderbolt, and was about to makePolydeuces immortal; but he chose to die one day and live the next, just like his brother, rather than be completely immortal. AndZeus granted them this, asHomer also says, 'sometimes they are dead' and what follows (Iliad 303). The story of theDioscuri is also written byStasinus, who wrote theCypria, as follows: 'quickly they seizedPhoebe andPolydeuces.' Regarding 'diptychs': I said earlier that according to some,Helen,Castor, andPolydeuces were born triplets from the egg, according to others not from the egg, but fromLeda herself; according to others, onlyCastor was born fromLeda, andPolydeuces was conceived in the form of a star whenZeus mated with her, hence they are called 'diptychs', and later they said that onlyHelen was born from the egg (49 8)."

§ 513  "Send help"; it should be noted that in saying "send help" he indicated thatHelen was taken unwillingly and that theDioscuri did not come to her aid. The crex is a sea bird, similar to an ibis, asHerodotus (II 76) says. The ibis is a bird aroundEgypt that eats filth.Callimachus in his On Birds says it is most ominous for those getting married (fr. 100c 9). AndEuphorion inApollodorus "variegated" "nor did the orchil dye the chamber" "Cyziocus" "whom she hated, she entered into a bad marriage with the crex" (fr. 4). "Crex" toHelen means the ill-named bride. "Crex" comparesHelen because she became ill-married and ill-named. He called her twice-ravished, since she was taken byTheseus andAlexander.Hellanicus says thatHelen was seven years old when she was taken byTheseus (FHG I 55), butDuris says she was given back after giving birth toIphigeneia (ib. II 470). "Twice-ravished"; for she was taken a second time, first byTheseus when she was seven years old, asHellanicus says.Duris, however, says she was given back after giving birth toIphigeneia, as I said more broadly earlier (103. 143. 183). And firstTheseus took her, secondAlexander.

§ 514  "Nor the winged"; he called the ships winged because of the oars or the sails.

§ 516  But "to theBebrycians" lacks the "as" so that it would be 4 nor did they go to the ships 6 as before 4 toBebrycia sailing with the rest of theArgonauts when they also attackedAmyclae. TheBebrycians once inhabitedTroy, hence 4 because of the nation they also call itBebrycia 4 as well as the following seq. 1476.Dion or Cocceianus, writing about the Narbonese, call themBebrycians and say thus: "thePyrenean mountain is of theBebrycians of old, but now of the Narbonese. This mountain separatesIberia and the Gauls" (DC I p. 189 Bo.). "Landing place" means the shore, the exit.

§ 517  "Nor thelions"; he refers to the sons ofAphareus,Idas andLynceus. "Lions" refers to theDioscuri. 4 The meaning was said more broadly earlier.

§ 519  "Enyo" is an epithet ofHera, derived from the words "to accomplish" and "to kill", as she is a warlikeEnyo and Anyo. In a mythical sense, this is true, but allegorically, she is the one who accomplishes everything, nourishes and completes; she is the same as the mingling and powerful air. "Thrice-born goddess" isAthena, because she is the same as the moon, and the moon appears on the third day from the conjunction, or because she isTritogeneia asHomer (D 515) says, or because theBoeotians call the head "trito", and she was born from the head ofZeus, or because she is the same as the soul, which is threefold: it has the rational, the desirous, and the spirited. "Thrice-born" isAthena mythically because she was born in theTriton river ofLibya asHomer says, and even if not mythically, "Daughter ofZeus, most glorious,Tritogeneia" andAeschylus mythically says "then about the pouring of the birth seed in the place ofTriton" inLibya (Eum. 289. 288) or because according toCallisthenes she was born on the third day of the month, hence inAthens the third is sacred toAthena. Or because she was born from the third and the head; for the head is called "trito" inBoeotian. Or because she is the same as the moon, and the moon appears on the third day from the conjunction. Or because she is the same as the soul, and the soul is threefold: it has the rational, the spirited, and the desirous. Or because she is the same as the air; the air is born third and changes in spring, summer, winter; for in the old days, time was threefold. Or because she is the same as wisdom, born from the third and the head. Or because she provides three things to the opposites. Or because according toDemocritus, she grants these three things, to counsel well, to judge correctly, to act justly.

§ 520  "Boarmia" and "Longatis" are called and honored among theBoeotians. "Homolois" among theThebans. AndZeus among them is Homoloios and the gates are Homoloides. "Bia" is strong. "Boarmia" is derived from the words "to fit" and "to yoke" anox to a yoke and a plow; she is the same, as I said (187 33), as wisdom. Thus, she is honored among theBoeotians. And "Longatis" similarly? For Longas is a region ofBoeotia. "Homolois" is honored among theThebans. For the gates ofThebes are Homoloides, from Homoloides, the daughter ofNiobe. "Bia" is the powerful one. Or because "thrice-born goddess" isAthena. ForCallisthenes says she was born on the third day of the month, hence also among theAthenians the third is called her sacred day. Or because she is said to have been born by theTriton river, hence alsoTritogeneia, asHomer also says "Daughter ofZeus, most glorious,Tritogeneia" (D 515).

§ 521  "Hand-workers" are those who worked with their hands and built the wall ofIlium, mythically; for he refers toPoseidon andApollo. The history is clear, but the allegories, as many and useless, should be left here. It must be drawn twice, and double is primarily and from itself doubly acute.

§ 522  "Drymas";Cromna is a place inCorinth. Otherwise, Cromna is a city inPaphlagonia, where there is a temple ofPoseidon. There is also a place inCorinth, asCallimachus says in Sosibius' victory "at Cromnite" (p. 219 69 Schn.). "Drymas" isApollo honored by theMilesians, and "Prophantos" isPoseidon honored by theThurians.Herodotus, however, does not say in truth that they built the city, but thatLaomedon spent their wealth on their possessions, either on the construction of the walls.

§ 523  "Liar" refers toLaomedon because he swore to giveHeracles the immortalhorses, or the best and most active, and did not give them to him after he savedHesione from the monster of the North (29 10). He wrongly said "ruler" when he should have said tyrant or king. For a ruler is called a dictator, a tyrant is a violent monarch, and a king is one who rules lawfully and justly.Orpheus also shows the difference between them, saying in the Dodekaeteris "there is a man, either a ruler or a tyrant or a king, who will reach the steep heaven" (fr. 23).

§ 524  "One day will suffice"; if they were to wage war next, he says, those aroundIda will not withstand their hands, the walls, not even for one day.

§ 526  "Canastron" is the border peak ofThrace andMacedonia. "Canastraion";Canastron is a border cape ofMacedonia andThrace, near which theGiants lived. He now refers toHector because of his bravery, which is why he also called him "native". He said "lever of enemies" instead of "security against enemies", havingHector as a defense against enemies. The fortress and lock against enemies.

§ 528  "And the first one",Protesilaus; for he was the first to jump off the ship towards theTrojan shore and was killed byHector (110 18).

§ 529  "Bloodthirsty" and thirsty for blood and with the addition of 'm' bloodthirsty (1171). "Destroyer of flocks" the destroyer of the Greeks, and he said "flocks" because the poet also calls the king a shepherd, and the people are his flocks. It is also written as "avenger" of those who came to demand retribution from theTrojans forHelen. Rather, we should hear this aboutHector. Some, however, hear "destroyer of flocks" aboutProtesilaus, the one who devastates the flocks of theTrojans. They also write "avenger" instead of those who came to pay the penalty to theTrojans for the abduction ofHelen byAlexander. Some take "destroyer of flocks" to meanProtesilaus, that is, the one who devastates the flocks of theTrojans. But this should rather be taken to meanHector.

§ 530  "Once upon a time," he calls the fieryProtesilaus, so that we may hear about the giantHector.Sophocles recounts in his "Shepherds" thatProtesilaus was killed byHector (fr. 455 N), and similarlyDemetrios ofSkepsis and inHomer it is written (FHG IV 382 n.) "Hector, the shining one, killed him as he was leaving the ship" (B 701). This is a hyperbaton: "Once upon a time, the bold hawk will first stir the spear, a swift leap, aiming" instead of stepping out of the ship first onto land and leaping,Protesilaus the hawk. For an oracle was given to the Greeks to first slaughter the one who would also first step out of the ship onto theTrojan shore.Hector killedProtesilaus who had first stepped out (241).

§ 532  "The best of the Graeci" isProtesilaus; for the Greeks were formerly called Graikoi, but later they were called Hellenes afterHellen. To whom the "graves" are prepared by the "shore of theDolonki" inThrace and the promontory "Mazousia" projecting from theChersonese; butMazousia is a cape ofEleous. To whom from an old destiny will prepare the "graves, the beautiful" and well-placed "shore" and the rocky and cliffy shore of the "Dolonki". "Horn of the mainland" of theChersonese. For there he was buried at the so-calledMazousian promontory.

§ 533  "Shore of theDolonki";Dolonki is a Thracian tribe named afterDoloncus, son ofKronos andThrace. It is theChersonese ofThrace, where thetomb ofProtesilaus is. They say he is also honored as a god by the locals. "Mazousia"; others say thatMazousia is with the article and they say it is a cape (supr. 9) either theChersonese, but I say mazousia is the breast-like or the one likened to the position of a breast. "Horn of the mainland" of the promontory; he refers to theChersonese.

§ 536  "Drymnios" isZeus or "daimon" thus among thePamphylians, "Promantheus" among the Thourians, "Aithiops" and "Gurapsios"? among theChians.

§ 538  "He who sets the wanderer straight"; the following "he" isZeus "will set a heavy burden" then to those aroundIda, "when they receive the straight wanderer, a bitter downpour, in their homes." Straight" is the foreigner in the language. He refers toAlexander. So,Menelaus says, when he receivesAlexander, then the beginning of the hostility will arise forIdas andLynceus and theDioscuri. "The terrible and the rejected" is a hyperbaton; "whoever" isZeus "whenever" (538) ... 〈and "whenever〉 they appease" and they propitiate in the sacrifices those aroundIdas and theDioscuri "will set" much toil and strife for them. He gave back a lot. ...., those who will compete with each other in the feast ofZeus, later they will also come to battle over the daughters ofdaughters of Leucippus,Phoebe and Hilaera, whom those aroundIdas, having pledged them to theDioscuri, set up for battle. "He who sets the wanderer straight"; the following "he" isZeus "will set a heavy burden" 4 and a commotion in the middle of the "conversations" and their encounters with each other "whenever" in the "homes they receive" the "wanderer" and wandering "straight" and foreign — he refers toAlexander — the "sinner" and harmful "katarrakter" andeagle — because of the predatory — and "bitter" theDioscuri and the sons ofAphareus "the terrible and" the rejected "about to" suffer when? "Whenever they receive", as I said,Alexander "and they appease" and they soothe the "unlovingCragus"Zeus "in both feast and festive libations". But the whole, as he says, this is whenMenelaus receivesAlexander, then the beginning of the hostility will arise forIdas andLynceus and theDioscuri because of the daughters ofdaughters of Leucippus,Phoebe and Hilaera, whom, having pledged them to theDioscuri, those aroundIdas will seize and set up for battle when theDioscuri entertainAlexander, and he seizes — v. infra 33 it is the saying aboutZeus; "whenever the wanderer" "and the sinner" foreign under "they receive will set" "a heavy burden" "much" commotion and "unloving" outcry in the middle of" the "conversations", when feasting they will spend "those about to suffer terrible things" theDioscuri and the sons ofAphareus; forZeus seems to throw the Tyndarids and Apharetids into a competition, whenAlexander was being entertained by theDioscuri, who "terrible" and "rejected", when they entertainedAlexander, they stirred up against the Apharetids. But he will seizeHelen, and theDioscuri will not be able to go toIlion because of the impending war. So here indeedIdas will killCastor, andPolydeucesIdas andZeus will strikeLynceus with lightning. "Katarrakter" (539) a predatory bird. "The terrible and the rejected" the sons ofAphareus and theDioscuri. For when theDioscuri were entertainingAlexander, a faction arose for them according toLycophron indeed because of the daughters ofdaughters of Leucippus, but according to me and the rest, as I said more broadly (185 6), because ofcows. So while they were in faction,Alexander, seizingHelen, as thisLycophron says, went toTroy. Otherwise.Demetrius says about theDioscuri andIdas andLynceus fighting each other ... and he also callsAlexander the "wanderer" "straight" but the foreigner in the language s. "Straight" the foreigner according to theAttic dialect 6. And there is also Orthages, a Priapic demon aroundAphrodite. But straightAlexander either the rapist. Or the downcast from the straightening. 6