Network Working Group B. Liu (Ed.)Internet-Draft Huawei TechnologiesIntended status: Standards Track X,. Xiao (Ed.)Expires: September 9, 2021 A,. Hecker MRC, Huawei Technologies S. Jiang Huawei Technologies Z,. Despotovic MRC, Huawei Technologies B,. Carpenter School of Computer Science, University of Auckland March 8, 2021Information Distribution over GRASPdraft-ietf-anima-grasp-distribution-02Abstract Autonomic network infrastructure (ANI) is a generic platform for tenant applications (i.e. AFs). As we will see in some examplery use cases, AFs may not only require communication capability supported from the infrastructure side, but also the capability the infrastructure can hold and re-distribute information on-demand. This document proposes a solution for information distribution in the ANI. Information distribution is categorized into two different modes: 1) instantaneous distribution and 2) publication for retrieval. In the former case, the information is sent, propagated and disposed of after reception. In the latter case, information needs to be stored in the network. The capability to distribute information is a basic and fundamental need for an autonomous network ([RFC7575]). This document describes typical use cases of information distribution in ANI and requirements to ANI, such that rich information distribution can be natively supported. The document proposes extensions to the autonomic nodes and suggests an implementation based on GRASP ([I-D.ietf-anima-grasp]) extensions as a protocol on the wire.Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions ofBCP 78 andBCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distributeLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is athttps://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on September 9, 2021.Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject toBCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.Table of Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32. Use Cases of Information Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . .42.1. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications . . . . . . .52.2. Distributed Computing Applications . . . . . . . . . . .62.3. Service-Based Architecture (SBA) in 3GPP . . . . . . . .63. General Requirements of Information Distribution in ANI . . .84. Node Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.1. Instant Information Distribution (IID) Sub-module . . . .104.1.1. Instant P2P Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.1.2. Instant Flooding Communication . . . . . . . . . . .11 4.2. Asynchronous Information Distribution (AID) Sub-module . 114.2.1. Information Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124.2.2. Event Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144.3. Bulk Information Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164.4. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175. Extending GRASP for Information Distribution . . . . . . . .185.1. Realizing Instant P2P Transmission . . . . . . . . . . .185.2. Realizing Instant Selective Flooding . . . . . . . . . .185.3. Realizing Bulk Information Transfer . . . . . . . . . . .195.4. Realizing Subscription as An Event . . . . . . . . . . .195.5. Un_Subscription Objective Option . . . . . . . . . . . .19Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 20215.6. Publishing Objective Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Appendix A. Open Issues [RFC Editor: To Be removed before becoming RFC] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Appendix B. Closed Issues [RFC Editor: To Be removed before becoming RFC] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Appendix C. Change log [RFC Editor: To Be removed before becoming RFC] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Appendix D. Information Distribution Module in ANI . . . . . . .23Appendix E. Asynchronous ID Integrated with GRASP APIs . . . . .23 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241. Introduction In an autonomic network, autonomic functions (AFs) running on autonomic nodes constantly exchange information, e.g. AF control/ management signaling or AF data exchange. This document discusses the information distribution capability of such exchanges between AFs. Many use cases can be abstracted to this model. In the following sections, we will see that information distribution capability shall become a common denominator in future application scenarios. In general, depending on the number of participants, the information can be distributed in in the following scenarios: 1) Point-to-point (P2P) Communication: information is exchanged between parties, i.e. two nodes. 2) One-to-Many Communication: information exchanges involve an information source and multiple receivers. The approaches to infrmation distribution can be mainly categorized into two basic modes: 1) An instantaneous mode (push): a source sends the actual content (e.g. control/management signaling, synchronization data and so on) to all interested receiver(s) immediately. Generally, some preconfiguration is required, as nodes interested in this information must be already known to all nodes in the sense that any receiving node must be able to decide, to which nodes this data is to be sent.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 2) An asynchronous mode (delayed pull): here, a source publishes the content in some form in the network, which may later be looked for, found and retrieved by some endpoints in the AN. Here, depending on the size of the content, either the whole content or only its metadata might be published into the AN. In the latter case the metadata (e.g. a content descriptor, e.g. a key, and a location in the ANI) may be used for the actual retrieval. Importantly, the source, i.e. here publisher, needs to be able to determine the node, where the information (or its metadata) can be stored. Note that in both cases, the total size of transferred information can be larger than the payload size of a single GRASP message fitted in one Synchronization and Flood message. In this situation, this document also considers a case of bulk data transfer. To avoid repetitive implementations by each AF developer, this document opts for a common support for information distribution implemented as a basic ANI capability, therefore available to all AFs. In fact, GRASP already provides part of the capabilities. Regardless, an AF may still define and implement its own information distribution capability. Such a capability may then be advertised using the common information distribution capability defined in this document. Overall, ANI nodes and AFs may decide, which of the information distribution mechanisms they want to use for which type of information, according to their own preferences (e.g. semantic routing table, etc.) This document first analyzes requirements for information distribution in autonomic networks (Section 3) and then discuss the relevant node behavior (Section 4). After that, the required GRASP extensions are formally introduced (Section 5). and relevanThe key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described inRFC2119 [RFC2119].2. Use Cases of Information Distribution In this section, we present some important use cases in various industrial sectors where an information distribution is required and ACP support is commanly needed.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 20212.1. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications The connected Autonomous Driving (AD) vehicles market is driving the evolution of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) (or Vehicular IoT) and is growing at a five-year compound annual growth rate of 45%, which is 10 times as fast as the overall car market. V2X communication is an inevitable enabling technology that connects vehicle to networks where value-added services can be provided and enhance the functionalities of a vehicle. In this section, we introduce some use cases that will be closely relevant to information distribution in an ANI. 1) Real-time and High Definition Maps (HDM): In the era of autonomous driving, a digital map not only means for navigation, but real- time and detailed information is required when driving a vehicle. Real-time situational awareness is essential for autonomous vehicles especially at critical road segments in cases of changing road conditions (e.g. new traffic cone detected by another vehicle some time ago). In addition, the relevant high definition local maps have to be available with support from infrastructure side. In this regards, a digital map should not be considered as static information stored on the vehicle, which is spontaneously updated in a periodical manner. Instead, it shall be considered as a dynamic distribution based on information aggregated from the local area and such a distribution shall consider latency requirement. Clearly, the infrastructure side shall be able to hold the information in the network sufficiently close to the relevant area. 2) In-car Infotaiment: This is another popular use case where in-car data demands will increase significantly in the near future. Today, users their mobile phone to access Internet for retrieving data for work or entertainment purposes. There is already a concensus among OTTs, carriers and car manufacturers that vehicle will become the center of information for passengers onboard. For entertainment, typical scenarios can be stereo HD video streaming and online gaming; for business purposes, examples can be mobile conference. This therefore requires the infrastructure side to be able to schedule and deliver requested information/data to the users with quality-of-service (QoS) considerations. 3) Software Update: Software components of connected cars will be remotely maintained in future. Therefore, software update has to be supported by the infrastructure side. Although this can be done by centralized solution where all vehicles access to a central clouds, in terms of load balancing and efficiency, prepared update components can be stored in the network and delivered to endpoints in a distributed manner.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 20212.2. Distributed Computing Applications Distributed computing applications represent many examples such as video rendering services, 3D graphical animation, most popular distributed AI services and so on. Here we discuss the distributed AI as an example only. The whole purpose is to emphasize the requirement of information distribution capability in ANI. Distributed computing applications, typically examplified by distributed artificial intelligence (AI) services, will be necessary for almost every industrial areas. Data features will be characterized and learnt by training a neural network. Usually, AI applications are hungry in bandwidth and computing resources. The more amounts of data collected, the more precision of the trained model will be. Under the existing AI service paradigm, this means that large volumes of data have to be transferred in the network to an AI service in centralized clouds. The consequence is that large bandwidths are taken only to transport data rather than transport valuable information. Instead, the trained model (i.e. learnt knowledge) whose size is several magnitudes smaller than training data does not frequently utilize the networking resources. The concept of distributed AI is proposed to mitigate the above situation making the network more efficient. In addition, a manner of training locally also well considers privacy issues in order to avoid sending original data to a central entity who may become a monopoly data owner. Distributed AI is a good example that asks for fundamental changes to the network infrastructure side. In order to support Distributed AI, first of all, training data must be preserved in the network so to say on distributed nodes; secondly, training agents on the distributed nodes shall be able to consume the distributed data information and train the local neural network; last but not least, the trained models on distributed nodes have to be exchanged to globally form complete knowledge, which renders the concept of federated learning. The operational scheme certainly requires an information distribution in ANI.2.3. Service-Based Architecture (SBA) in 3GPP In addition to Internet, carrier networks (i.e. wireless mobile networks) is another world-wide networking system. The current architecture of 5G mobile networks from 3GPP has been defined to follow a service-based architecture (SBA) where any network function (NF) can be dynamically associated with any other NF(s) when needed to compose a network service. Note that one NF can simultaneously associate with multiple other NFs, instead of being physically wired as in the previous generations of mobile networks. NFs communicateLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 with each other over service-based interface (SBI), which is also standardized by 3GPP [3GPP.23.501]. To realize an SBA network system, detailed requirements are further defined to specify how NFs should interact with each other with information exchange over the SBI. We now list three requirements that are related to information distribution here. 1) NF Pub/Sub: Any NF should be able to expose its service status to the network and any NF should be able to subscribe the service status of an NF and get notified if the status is available. A concrete example is that a session management function (SMF) can subscribe to the REGISTER notification from an access management function (AMF) if there is a new user equipment trying to access the mobile network [3GPP.23.502]. 2) Network Exposure Function (NEF): A particular network function that is required to manage the event exposure and distributions. Specifically, SBA requires such a functionality to register network events from the other NFs (e.g. AMF, SMF and so on), classify the events and properly handle event distributions accordingly in terms of different criteria (e.g. priorities) [3GPP.23.502]. 3) Network Repository Function (NRF): A particular network function where all service status information is stored for the whole network. An SBA network system requires all NFs to be stateless so as to improve the resilience as well as agility of providing network services. Therefore, the information of the available NFs and the service status generated by those NFs will be globally stored in NRF as a repository of the system. This clearly implies storage capability that keeps the information in the network and provides those information when needed. A concrete example is that whenever a new NF comes up, it first of all registers itself at NRF with its profile. When a network service requires a certain NF, it first inquires NRF to retrieve the availability information and decides whether or not there is an available NF or a new NF must be instantiated [3GPP.23.502]. (Note: 3GPP CT adopted HTTP2.0/JSON to be the protocol communicating between NFs, but autonomic networks can also load HTTP2.0 with in ACP.) Note that the requirements of the information distribution for ANI control plane are not mentioned here, rather only AF services that have to be necessarily supported by additional information distribution are discussed.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 20213. General Requirements of Information Distribution in ANI According to the introduced use cases, the question of information distribution in an autonomic network can be discussed through particular use cases or more generally. Depending on the situation it can be quite simple or might require more complex provisions. Indeed, in the most general case, the information can be sent: 1) at once (in one or multiple packets, in one flow), 2) straightaway (send-and-forget), 3) to all nodes. For the first scenario, presuming 1), 2) and 3) hold, information distribution in smaller or scarce topologies can be implemented using broadcast, i.e. unconstrained flooding. For reasons well-understood, this approach has its limits in larger and denser networks. In this case, a graph can be constructed such that it contains every node exactly once (e.g. a spanning tree), still allowing to distribute any information to all nodes straightaway. Multicast tree construction protocols could be used in this case. There are reasonable use cases for such scenarios, as presented inSection 2. Secondly, a more complex scenario arises, if only 1) and 2) hold, but the information only concerns a subset of nodes. Then, some kinds of selection become required, to which nodes the given information should be distributed. Here, a further distinction is necessary; notably, if the selection of the target nodes is with respect to the nature or position of the node, or whether it is with respect to the information content. If the first, some knowledge about the node types, its topological position, etc (e.g. the routing information within ANI) can be used to distinguish nodes accordingly. For instance, edge nodes and forwarding nodes can be distinguished in this way. If the distribution scope is primarily to be defined by the information elements, then a registration / join / subscription or label distribution mechanism is unavoidable. This would be the case, for instance, if the AFs can be dynamically deployed on nodes, and the information is majorily destined to the AFs. Then, depending on the current AF deployment, the distribution scope must be adjusted as well. Thirdly, if only 1) holds, but the information content might be required again and again, or might not yet be fully available, then more complex mechanisms might be required to store the information within the network for later, for further redistribution, and for notification of interested nodes. Examples for this includeLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 distribution of reconfiguration information for different AF instances, which might not require an immediate action, but only an eventual update of the parameters. Also, in some situations, there could be a significant delay between the occurrence of a new event and the full content availability (e.g. if the processing requires a lot of time). Finally, none of the three might hold. Then, along with the subscription and notification, the actual content might be different from its metadata, i.e. some descriptions of the content and, possibly, its location. The fetching can then be implemented in different, appropriate ways, if necessary as a complex transport session. In essence, as flooding is usually not an option, and the interest of nodes for particular information elements can change over time, ANI should support autonomics also for the information distribution. This calls for autonomic mechanisms in the ANI, allowing participating nodes to 1) advertise/publish, 2) look for/subscribe to 3) store, 4) fetch/retrieve and 5) instantaneously push data information. In the following cases, situations depicting complicated ways of information distribution are discussed. 1) Long Communication Intervals. The actual sending of the information is not necessarily instantaneous with some events. Sophisticated AFs may involve into longer jobs/tasks (e.g. database lookup, validations, etc.) when processing requests, and might not be able to reply immediately. Instead of actively waiting for the reply, a better way for an interested AF might be to get notified, when the reply is finally available. 2) Common Interest Distribution. AFs may share information that is a common interest. For example, the network intent will be distributed to network nodes enrolled, which is usually one-to- many scenario. Intent distribution can also be performed by an instant flooding (e.g. via GRASP) to every network node. However, because of network changes, not every node can be just ready at the moment when the network intent is broadcast. Also, a flooding often does not cover all network nodes as there is usually a limitation on the hop number. In fact, nodes may join in the network sequentially. In this situation, an asynchronous communication model could be a better choice where every (newly joining) node can subscribe the intent information and will get notified if it is ready (or updated).Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 3) Distributed Coordination. With computing and storage resources on autonomic nodes, alive AFs not only consume but also generate data information. An example is AFs coordinating with each other as distributed schedulers, responding to service requests and distributing tasks. It is critical for those AFs to make correct decisions based on local information, which might be asymmetric as well. AFs may also need synthetic/aggregated data information (e.g. statistic info, like average values of several AFs, etc.) to make decisions. In these situations, AFs will need an efficient way to form a global view of the network (e.g. about resource consumption, bandwidth and statistics). Obviously, purely relying on instant communication model is inefficient, while a scalable, common, yet distributed data layer, on which AFs can store and share information in an asynchronous way, should be a better choice. Therefore, for ANI, in order to support various communication scenarios, an information distribution module is required, and both instantaneous and asynchronous communication models should be supported. Some real-world use cases are introduced inSection 2.4. Node Behaviors In this section, how a node should behave in order to support the two identified modes of information distribution is discussed. An ANI is a distributed system, so the information distribution module must be implemented in a distributed way as well.4.1. Instant Information Distribution (IID) Sub-module In this case, an information sender directly specifies the information receiver(s). The instant information distribution sub- module will be the main element.4.1.1. Instant P2P Communication IID sub-module performs instant information transmission for ASAs running in an ANI. In specific, IID sub-module will have to retrieve the address of the information receiver specified by an ASA, then deliver the information to the receiver. Such a delivery can be done either in a connectionless or a connection-oriented way. Current GRASP provides the capability to support instant P2P synchronization for ASAs. A P2P synchronization is a use case of P2P information transmission. However, as mentioned inSection 3, there are some scenarios where one node needs to transmit some information to another node(s). This is different to synchronization because after transmitting the information, the local status of theLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 information does not have to be the same as the information sent to the receiver. This is not directly support by existing GRASP.4.1.2. Instant Flooding Communication IID sub-module finishes instant flooding for ASAs in an ANI. Instant flooding is for all ASAs in an ANI. An information sender has to specify a special destination address of the information and broadcast to all interfaces to its neighbors. When another IID sub- module receives such a broadcast, after checking its TTL, it further broadcast the message to the neighbors. In order to avoid flooding storms in an ANI, usually a TTL number is specified, so that after a pre-defined limit, the flooding message will not be further broadcast again. In order to avoid unnecessary flooding, a selective flooding can be done where an information sender wants to send information to multiple receivers at once. When doing this, sending information needs to contain criteria to judge on which interfaces the distributed information should and should not be sent. Specifically, the criteria contain: o Matching Condition: a set of matching rules such as addresses of recipients, node features and so on. o Action: what the node needs to do when the Matching Condition is fulfilled. For example, the action could be forwarding or discarding the distributed message. Sent information must be included in the message distributed from the sender. The receiving node reacts by first checking the carried Matching Condition in the message to decide who should consume the message, which could be either the node itself, some neighbors or both. If the node itself is a recipient, Action field is followed; if a neighbor is a recipient, the message is sent accordingly. An exemplary extension to support selective flooding on GRASP is described inSection 5.4.2. Asynchronous Information Distribution (AID) Sub-module In asynchronous information distribution, sender(s) and receiver(s) are not immediately specified while they may appear in an asynchronous way. Firstly, AID sub-module enables that the information can be stored in the network; secondly, AID sub-module provides an information publication and subscription (Pub/Sub) mechanism for ASAs.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 As sketched in the previous section, in general each node requires two modules: 1) Information Storage (IS) module and 2) Event Queue (EQ) module in the information distribution module. Details of the two modules are described in the following sections.4.2.1. Information Storage IS module handles how to save and retrieve information for ASAs across the network. The IS module uses a syntax to index information, generating the hash index value (e.g. a hash value) of the information and mapping the hash index to a certain node in ANI. Note that, this mechanism can use existing solutions. Specifically, storing information in an ANIMA network will be realized in the following steps. 1) ASA-to-IS Negotiation. An ASA calls the API provided by information distribution module (directly supported by IS sub- module) to request to store the information somewhere in the network. The IS module performs various checks of the request (e.g. permitted information size). 2) Storing Peer Mapping. The information block will be handled by the IS module in order to calculate/map to a peer node in the network. Since ANIMA network is a peer-to-peer network, a typical way is to use distributed hash table (DHT) to map information to a unique index identifier. For example, if the size of the information is reasonable, the information block itself can be hashed, otherwise, some meta-data of the information block can be used to generate the mapping. 3) Storing Peer Negotiation Request. Negotiation request of storing the information will be sent from the IS module to the IS module on the destination node. The negotiation request contains parameters about the information block from the source IS module. According to the parameters as well as the local available resource, the requested storing peer will send feedback the source IS module. 4) Storing Peer Negotiation Response. Negotiation response from the storing peer is sent back to the source IS module. If the source IS module gets confirmation that the information can be stored, source IS module will prepare to transfer the information block; otherwise, a new storing peer must be discovered (i.e. going to step 7). 5) Information Block Transfer. Before sending the information block to the storing peer that already accepts the request, the IS module of the source node will check if the information block canLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 be afforded by one GRASP message. If so, the information block will be directly sent by calling a GRASP API ([I-D.ietf-anima-grasp-api]). Otherwise, a bulk data transmission is needed. For that, there are multiple ways to do it. The first option is to utilize one of existing protocols that is independent of the GRASP stack. For example, a session connectivity can be established to the storing peer, and over the connection the bulky data can be transmitted part by part. In this case, the IS module should support basic TCP-based session protocols such as HTTP(s) or native TCP. The second option is to directly use GRASP itself for bulky data transferring [I-D.carpenter-anima-grasp-bulk]. 6) Information Writing. Once the information block (or a smaller block) is received, the IS module of the storing peer will store the data block in the local storage is accessible. 7) (Optional) New Storing Peer Discovery. If the previously selected storing peer is not available to store the information block, the source IS module will have to identify a new destination node to start a new negotiation. In this case, the discovery can be done by using discovery GRASP API to identify a new candidate, or more complex mechanisms can be introduced. Similarly, Getting information from an ANI will be realized in the following steps. 1) ASA-to-IS Request. An ASA accesses the IS module via the APIs exposed by the information distribution module. The key/index of the interested information will be sent to the IS module. An assumption here is that the key/index should be known to an ASA before an ASA can ask for the information. This relates to the publishing/subscribing of the information, which are handled by other modules (e.g. Event Queue with Pub/Sub supported by GRASP). 2) Storing Peer Mapping. IS module maps the key/index of the requested information to a peer that stores the information, and prepares the information request. The mapping here follows the same mechanism when the information is stored. 3) Retrieval Negotiation Request. The source IS module sends a request to the storing peer and asks if such an information object is available. 4) Retrieval Negotiation Response. The storing peer checks the key/ index of the information in the request, and replies to the source IS module. If the information is found and the information block can be afforded within one GRASP message, the information will be sent together with the response to the source IS module.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 5) (Optional) New Destination Request. If the information is not found after the source IS module gets the response from the originally identified storing peer, the source IS module will have to discover the location of the requested information. IS module can reuse distributed databases and key value stores like NoSQL, Cassandra, DHT technologies. storage and retrieval of information are all event-driven responsible by the EQ module.4.2.2. Event Queue The Event Queue (EQ) module is to help ASAs to publish information to the network and subscribe to interested information in asynchronous scenarios. In an ANI, information generated on network nodes is an event labeled with an event ID, which is semantically related to the topic of the information. Key features of EQ module are summarized as follows. 1) Event Group: An EQ module provides isolated queues for different event groups. If two groups of AFs could have completely different purposes, the EQ module allows to create multiple queues where only AFs interested in the same topic will be aware of the corresponding event queue. 2) Event Prioritization: Events can have different priorities in ANI. This corresponds to how much important or urgent the event implies. Some of them are more urgent than regular ones. Prioritization allows AFs to differentiate events (i.e. information) they publish or subscribe to. 3) Event Matching: an information consumer has to be identified from the queue in order to deliver the information from the provider. Event matching keeps looking for the subscriptions in the queue to see if there is an exact published event there. Whenever a match is found, it will notify the upper layer to inform the corresponding ASAs who are the information provider and subscriber(s) respectively. The EQ module on every network node operates as follows. 1) Event ID Generation: If information of an ASA is ready, an event ID is generated according to the content of the information. This is also related to how the information is stored/saved by the IS module introduced before. Meanwhile, the type of the event is also specified where it can be of control purpose or user plane data.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 2) Priority Specification: According to the type of the event, the ASA may specify its priority to say how this event is to be processed. By considering both aspects, the priority of the event will be determined. 3) Event Enqueue: Given the event ID, event group and its priority, a queue is identified locally if all criteria can be satisfied. If there is such a queue, the event will be simply added into the queue, otherwise a new queue will be created to accommodate such an event. 4) Event Propagation: The published event will be propagated to the other network nodes in the ANIMA domain. A propagation algorithm can be employed to optimize the propagation efficiency of the updated event queue states. 5) Event Match and Notification: While propagating updated event states, EQ module in parallel keeps matching published events and its interested consumers. Once a match is found, the provider and subscriber(s) will be notified for final information retrieval. The category of event priority is defined as the following. In general, there are two event types: 1) Network Control Event: This type of events are defined by the ANI for operational purposes on network control. A pre-defined priority levels for required system messages is suggested. For highest level to lowest level, the priority value ranges from NC_PRIOR_HIGH to NC_PRIOR_LOW as integer values. The NC_PRIOR_* values will be defined later according to the total number system events required by the ANI. 2) Custom ASA Event: This type of events are defined by the ASAs of users. This specifies the priority of the message within a group of ASAs, therefore it is only effective among ASAs that join the same message group. Within the message group, a group header/ leader has to define a list of priority levels ranging from CUST_PRIOR_HIGH to CUST_PRIOR_LOW. Such a definition completely depends on the individual purposes of the message group. When a system message is delivered, its event type and event priority value have to be both specified. Event contains the address where the information is stored, after a subscriber is notified, it directly retrieves the information from the given location.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 20214.3. Bulk Information Transfer In both cases discussed previously, they are limited to distributing GRASP Objective Options contained in messages that cannot exceed the GRASP maximum message size of 2048 bytes. This places a limit on the size of data that can be transferred directly in a GRASP message such as a Synchronization or Flood operation for instantaneous information distribution. There are scenarios in autonomic networks where this restriction is a problem. One example is the distribution of network policy in lengthy formats such as YANG or JSON. Another case might be an Autonomic Service Agent (ASA) uploading a log file to the Network Operations Center (NOC). A third case might be a supervisory system downloading a software upgrade to an autonomic node. A related case might be installing the code of a new or updated ASA to a target node. Naturally, an existing solution such as a secure file transfer protocol or secure HTTP might be used for this. Other management protocols such as syslog [RFC5424] or NETCONF [RFC6241] might also be used for related purposes, or might be mapped directly over GRASP. The present document, however, applies to any scenario where it is preferable to re-use the autonomic networking infrastructure itself to transfer a significant amount of data, rather than install and configure an additional mechanism. The node behavior is to use the GRASP Negotiation process to transfer and acknowledge multiple blocks of data in successive negotiation steps, thereby overcoming the GRASP message size limitation. The emphasis is placed on simplicity rather than efficiency, high throughput, or advanced functionality. For example, if a transfer gets out of step or data packets are lost, the strategy is to abort the transfer and try again. In an enterprise network with low bit error rates, and with GRASP running over TCP, this is not considered a serious issue. Clearly, a more sophisticated approach could be designed but if the application requires that, existing protocols could be used, as indicated in the preceding paragraph. As for any GRASP operation, the two participants are considered to be Autonomic Service Agents (ASAs) and they communicate using a specific GRASP Objective Option, containing its own name, some flag bits, a loop count, and a value. In bulk transfer, we can model the ASA acting as the source of the transfer as a download server, and the destination as a download client. No changes or extensions are required to GRASP itself, but compared to a normal GRASP negotiation, the communication pattern is slightly asymmetric:Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 16]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 1) The client first discovers the server by the GRASP discovery mechanism (M_DISCOVERY and M_RESPONSE messages). 2) The client then sends a GRASP negotiation request (M_REQ_NEG message). The value of the objective expresses the requested item (e.g., a file name - see the next section for a detailed example). 3) The server replies with a negotiation step (M_NEGOTIATE message). The value of the objective is the first section of the requested item (e.g., the first block of the requested file as a raw byte string). 4) The client replies with a negotiation step (M_NEGOTIATE message). The value of the objective is a simple acknowledgement (e.g., the text string 'ACK'). The last two steps repeat until the transfer is complete. The server signals the end by transferring an empty byte string as the final value. In this case the client responds with a normal end to the negotiation (M_END message with an O_ACCEPT option). Errors of any kind are handled with the normal GRASP mechanisms, in particular by an M_END message with an O_DECLINE option in either direction. In this case the GRASP session terminates. It is then the client's choice whether to retry the operation from the start, as a new GRASP session, or to abandon the transfer. The block size must be chosen such that each step does not exceed the GRASP message size limit of 2048 bits.4.4. Summary In summary, the general requirements for the information distribution module on each autonomic node are realized by two sub-modules handling instant communications and asynchronous communications, respectively. For instantaneous mode, node requirements are simple, calling for support for additional signaling. With minimum efforts, reusing the existing GRASP is possible. For asynchronous mode, information distribution module uses new primitives on the wire, and implements an event queue and an information storage mechanism. An architectural consideration on ANI with the information distribution module is briefly discussed inAppendix D. In both cases, a scenario of bulk information transfer is considered where the retrieved information cannot be fitted in one GRASP message. Based on GRASP Negotiation operation, multipleLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 transmissions can be repeatedly done in order to transfer bulk informtion piece by piece.5. Extending GRASP for Information Distribution5.1. Realizing Instant P2P Transmission This could be a new message in GRASP. In fragmentary CDDL, an Un- solicited Synchronization message follows the pattern: unsolicited_synch-message = [M_UNSOLIDSYNCH, session-id, objective] A node MAY actively send a unicast Un-solicited Synchronization message with the Synchronization data, to another node. This MAY be sent to port GRASP_LISTEN_PORT at the destination address, which might be obtained by GRASP Discovery or other possible ways. The synchronization data are in the form of GRASP Option(s) for specific synchronization objective(s).5.2. Realizing Instant Selective Flooding Since normal flooding is already supported by GRASP, this section only defines the selective flooding extension. In fragmentary CDDL, the selective flooding follows the pattern: selective-flood-option = [O_SELECTIVE_FLOOD, +O_MATCH-CONDITION, match-object, action] O_MATCH-CONDITION = [O_MATCH-CONDITION, Obj1, match-rule, Obj2] Obj1 = text match-rule = GREATER / LESS / WITHIN / CONTAIN Obj2 = text match-object = NEIGHBOR / SELF action = FORWARD / DROP The option field encapsulates a match-condition option which represents the conditions regarding to continue or discontinue flood the current message. For the match-condition option, the Obj1 and Obj2 are to objects that need to be compared. For example, the Obj1 could be the role of the device and Obj2 could be "RSG". The match rules between the two objects could be greater, less than, within, or contain. The match-object represents of which Obj1 belongs to, itLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 could be the device itself or the neighbor(s) intended to be flooded. The action means, when the match rule applies, the current device just continues flood or discontinues.5.3. Realizing Bulk Information Transfer5.4. Realizing Subscription as An Event In fragmentary CDDL, a Subscription Objective Option follows the pattern: subscription-objection-option = [SUBSCRIPTION, 2, 2, subobj] objective-name = SUBSCRIPTION objective-flags = 2 loop-count = 2 subobj = text This option MAY be included in GRASP M_Synchronization, when included, it means this message is for a subscription to a specific object.5.5. Un_Subscription Objective Option In fragmentary CDDL, a Un_Subscribe Objective Option follows the pattern: Unsubscribe-objection-option = [UNSUBSCRIB, 2, 2, unsubobj] objective-name = SUBSCRIPTION objective-flags = 2 loop-count = 2 unsubobj = text This option MAY be included in GRASP M_Synchronization, when included, it means this message is for a un-subscription to a specific object.5.6. Publishing Objective Option In fragmentary CDDL, a Publish Objective Option follows the pattern: publish-objection-option = [PUBLISH, 2, 2, pubobj]Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 objective-name = PUBLISH objective-flags = 2 loop-count = 2 pubobj = text This option MAY be included in GRASP M_Synchronization, when included, it means this message is for a publish of a specific object data.6. Security Considerations The distribution source authentication could be done at multiple layers: o Outer layer authentication: the GRASP communication is within ACP ([I-D.ietf-anima-autonomic-control-plane]). This is the default GRASP behavior. o Inner layer authentication: the GRASP communication might not be within a protected channel, then there should be embedded protection in distribution information itself. Public key infrastructure might be involved in this case.7. IANA Considerations TBD.8. Acknowledgements Valuable comments were received from Brian Carpenter, Michael Richardson, Roland Bless, Mohamed Boucadair, Diego Lopez, Toerless Eckert and other participants in the ANIMA working group. This document was produced using the xml2rfc tool [RFC2629].9. References9.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp] Bormann, C., Carpenter, B., Ed., and B. Liu, Ed., "A Generic Autonomic Signaling Protocol (GRASP)",draft-ietf-anima-grasp-15 (work in progress), July 2017.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 20]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC2629] Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML",RFC 2629, DOI 10.17487/RFC2629, June 1999, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2629>.9.2. Informative References [I-D.carpenter-anima-grasp-bulk] Carpenter, B., Jiang, S., and B. Liu, "Transferring Bulk Data over the GeneRic Autonomic Signaling Protocol (GRASP)",draft-carpenter-anima-grasp-bulk-05 (work in progress), January 2020. [I-D.du-anima-an-intent] Du, Z., Jiang, S., Nobre, J., Ciavaglia, L., and M. Behringer, "ANIMA Intent Policy and Format",draft-du-anima-an-intent-05 (work in progress), February 2017. [I-D.ietf-anima-autonomic-control-plane] Eckert, T., Behringer, M., and S. Bjarnason, "An Autonomic Control Plane (ACP)",draft-ietf-anima-autonomic-control-plane-30 (work in progress), October 2020. [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra] Pritikin, M., Richardson, M., Eckert, T., Behringer, M., and K. Watsen, "Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructures (BRSKI)",draft-ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra-45 (work in progress), November 2020. [I-D.ietf-anima-grasp-api] Carpenter, B., Liu, B., Wang, W., and X. Gong, "Generic Autonomic Signaling Protocol Application Program Interface (GRASP API)",draft-ietf-anima-grasp-api-10 (work in progress), January 2021. [I-D.ietf-anima-reference-model] Behringer, M., Carpenter, B., Eckert, T., Ciavaglia, L., and J. Nobre, "A Reference Model for Autonomic Networking",draft-ietf-anima-reference-model-10 (work in progress), November 2018.Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 21]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 [RFC7575] Behringer, M., Pritikin, M., Bjarnason, S., Clemm, A., Carpenter, B., Jiang, S., and L. Ciavaglia, "Autonomic Networking: Definitions and Design Goals",RFC 7575, DOI 10.17487/RFC7575, June 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7575>.Appendix A. Open Issues [RFC Editor: To Be removed before becoming RFC] 1. More reference to the use cases in the introduction. 2. Better explanation of the required context of the Connected-Car case: Not applicable unless the ACP will be extended to the car, which may not be desirable with the current ACP design, but maybe refocussing on an "autonomous fleet" use-case (e.g.: all cars operated by some taxi like service). 3. Consider use-case/example of firmware update. By abstracting the location of the firmware from the name of the firmware, while providing a way to notify about it, this significantly supports distribution of firmware updates. References to SUIT would appropriate. 4. Issues discussed inhttps://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/anima/_0fYQPBcLPt8xzQee7P4dILsn3A 5. Rethink/refine terminology, e.g.: "module" seems to be too prescriptive. Refine proposed extensions. 6. Provide more protocol behavior description instead of only implementation / software module architecture description. Reduce the latter or provide better justification for their presence due to explained interoperability requirements. 7. Better motivation in sections1..4 of the proposed extensions 8. Consider moving examples from appendices into core-text . Ideally craft a single use-case showing/applying all extensions (most simple use case that uses them all). 9. Refine terminology to better match/reuse-the established terminology from the pre-existing ANIMA documents.Appendix B. Closed Issues [RFC Editor: To Be removed before becoming RFC]Liu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 22]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021Appendix C. Change log [RFC Editor: To Be removed before becoming RFC]draft-ietf-anima-grasp-distribution-00, 2020-02-25: File name changed following WG adoption. __Addedappendix A&B for open/closed issues. The open issues were comments received during the adoption call.Appendix D. Information Distribution Module in ANI This appendix describes how the information distribution module fits into the ANI and what extensions of GRASP are required. (preamble) +-------------------+ | ASAs | +-------------------+ ^ | v +-------------Info-Dist. APIs--------------+ | +---------------+ +--------------------+ | | | Instant Dist. | | Asynchronous Dist. | | | +---------------+ +--------------------+ | +------------------------------------------+ ^ | v +---GRASP APIs----+ | ACP | +-----------------+ Figure E.1 Information Distribution Module and GRASP Extension. As the Fig 1 shows, the information distribution module two sub- modules for instant and asynchronous information distributions, respectively, and provides APIs to ASAs. Specific Behaviors of modules are described inSection 5.Appendix E. Asynchronous ID Integrated with GRASP APIs Actions triggered to the information distribution module will eventually invoke underlying GRASP APIs. Moreover, EQ and IS modules are usually correlated. When an AF(ASA) publishes information, not only such an event is translated and sent to EQ module, but also the information is indexed and stored simultaneously. Similarly, when anLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 23]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 AF(ASA) subscribes information, not only subscribing event is triggered and sent to EQ module, but also the information will be retrieved by IS module at the same time. o Storing and publishing information: This action involves both IS and EQ modules where a node that can store the information will be discovered first and related event will e published to the network. For this, GRASP APIs discover(), synchronize() and flood() are combined to compose such a procedure. In specific, discover() call will specific its objective being to "store_data" and the return parameters could be either an ASA_locator who will accept to store the data, or an error code indicating that no one could afford such data; after that, synchronize() call will send the data to the specified ASA_locator and the data will be stored at that node, with return of processing results like store_data_ack; meanwhile, such a successful event (i.e. data is stored successfully) will be flooded via a flood() call to interesting parties (such a multicast group existed). o Subscribing and getting information: This action involves both IS and EQ modules as well where a node that is interested in a topic will subscribe the topic by triggering EQ module and if the topic is ready IS module will retrieve the content of the topic (i.e. the data). GRASP APIs such as register_objective(), flood(), synchronize() are combined to compose the procedure. In specific, any subscription action received by EQ module will be translated to register_objective() call where the interested topic will be the parameter inside of the call; the registration will be (selectively) flooded to the network by an API call of flood() with the option we extended in this draft; once a matched topic is found (because of the previous procedure), the node finding such a match will call API synchronize() to send the stored data to the subscriber.Authors' Addresses Bing Liu Huawei Technologies Q5, Huawei Campus No.156 Beiqing Road Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100095 P.R. China Email: leo.liubing@huawei.comLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 24]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 Xun Xiao MRC, Huawei Technologies German Research Center Huawei Technologies Riesstr. 25 Muenchen 80992 Germany Email: xun.xiao@huawei.com Artur Hecker MRC, Huawei Technologies German Research Center Huawei Technologies Riesstr. 25 Muenchen 80992 Germany Email: artur.hecker@huawei.com Sheng Jiang Huawei Technologies Q27, Huawei Campus No.156 Beiqing Road Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100095 P.R. China Email: jiangsheng@huawei.com Zoran Despotovic MRC, Huawei Technologies German Research Center Huawei Technologies Riesstr. 25 Muenchen 80992 Germany Email: zoran.despotovic@huawei.comLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 25]
Internet-Draft Information Distribution March 2021 Brian School of Computer Science, University of Auckland PB 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Email: brian.e.carpenter@gmail.comLiu (Ed.), et al. Expires September 9, 2021 [Page 26]Datatracker
draft-ietf-anima-grasp-distribution-02
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| Authors | Bing Liu,Xun Xiao,Artur Hecker,Sheng Jiang,Zoran Despotovic,Brian E. Carpenter | ||
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