| Sarcoidosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sarcoïdosis, sarcoid, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease[1] |
 | |
| Chest X-ray showing the typical nodularity of sarcoidosis, predominantly in the bases of the lungs. | |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Specialty | Rheumatology |
| Symptoms | Depends on the organ involved[2] Lungs:wheezing, cough,shortness of breath, chest pain[3] Skin: lumps, ulcers, discolored skin[3] Children: weight loss, bone pain, feeling tired[3] |
| Usual onset | 20–50 year old women[4] |
| Duration | Few years to long term[2][5] |
| Causes | Unknown[2] |
| Risk factors | Family history[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms andtissue biopsy[6] |
| Differential diagnosis | Tuberculosis,lymphoma,infectious mononucleosis,pulmonary eosinophilia[7] |
| Treatment | Ibuprofen,prednisone,methotrexate[8][9] |
| Prognosis | Mortality 1–7%[5] |
| Frequency | 1.9 million withinterstitial lung disease (2015)[10] |
| Deaths | 122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015)[11] |
Sarcoidosis ke bolwetse jo bo akaretsang go kokoana ga disele tsa thurugo tse di sa tlwaelegang tse di bopang makukunya a a bidiwang granulomas.[2] Gantsi bolwetse jono bo simolola mo makgwafong, mo letlalong kgotsa mo di-lymph node.[2] Tse di sa amegeng thata ke matlho, sebete, pelo le boboko.[2] Le fa go ntse jalo, serwe sepe fela se ka amega.[2] Matshwao le ditshupo di ikaegile ka serwe se se amegang.[2] Gantsi, ga go bonwe matshwao ape, kgotsa a a botlhofo fela.[2] Fa e ama mafatlha, go ka nna ga nna le go tlhotlhora, go gotlhola, go tlhaela mowa, kgotsa go utlwa botlhoko mo sehubeng.[3] Bangwe ba ka tswa ba na le bolwetse jwa Löfgren jo bo nang le letshoroma, dinoutu tse dikgolo tsa limfe, ramatiki, le letshoroma le le bidiwang erythema nodosum.[2]
Se se bakang bolwetse jwa sarcoidosis ga se itsiwe.[2] Bangwe ba dumela gore e ka tswa e le ka ntlha ya tsibogo ya masole a mmele mo selong se se bakang bolwetse jo bo jaaka tshwaetsego kgotsa dikhemikale mo go ba ba nang le tshekamelo ya dijini.[12] Ba ba nang le maloko a lelapa a a amegang ba mo kotsing e kgolo.[4] Temogo e ikaegile ka matshwao le ditshupo, tse di ka tshegediwang ke biopsy.[6] Diphitlhelelo tse di dirang gore go ka direga gore e akaretse di-lymph node tse dikgolo kwa moding wa mafatlha mo matlhakoreng oobedi, calcium e e kwa godimo mo mading e e nang le selekanyo se se tlwaelegileng sa horomone ya parathyroid, kgotsa selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa enzyme e e fetolang angiotensin mo mading.[6] Temogo e tshwanetse go dirwa fela morago ga go kgaphela kwa thoko dilo tse dingwe tse di ka bakang matshwao a a tshwanang jaaka mafatlha .
Sarcoidosis e ka nna ya rarabologa kwantle ga kalafi epe mo dingwageng di le mmalwa.[2][5] Le fa go ntse jalo, batho bangwe ba ka nna le bolwetse jo bo tsayang lobaka lo loleele kgotsa jo bo maswe thata.[5] Matshwao mangwe a ka tokafadiwa ka tiriso ya melemo e e lwantshang thurugo jaaka ibuprofen . Mo maemong a mo go ona boemo bo bakang mathata a magolo a boitekanelo, go supiwa di-steroid tse di jaaka prednisone.[9] Ditlhare tse di jaaka methotrexate, chloroquine, kgotsa azathioprine di ka dirisiwa ka dinako tse dingwe ka maiteko a go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa diseteroite . Kotsi ya loso ke 1-7%. Kgonagalo ya gore bolwetse bo boele mo mothong yo o kileng a nna le jone mo nakong e e fetileng e kwa tlase ga 5%.[2]
Ka 2015, bolwetse jwa sarcoidosis jwa makgwafo le bolwetse jwa makgwafo jo bo fa gare ga dithishu di ne tsa ama batho ba le dimilione di le 1.9 lefatshe ka bophara mme tsa felela ka dintsho di le 122 000. E tlwaelegile thata mo bathong ba Scandinavia, mme e tlhagelela mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe.[13] Kwa United States, kotsi e kgolo mo bathong ba Bantsho go na le mo bathong ba basweu. Gantsi e simolola fa motho a le dingwaga di le 20 le 50.[4] E tlhagelela gantsi mo basading go feta mo banneng.[4] Bolwetse jwa sarcoidosis bo ne jwa tlhalosiwa la ntlha ka 1877 ke ngaka ya Moesemane e bong Jonathan Hutchinson e le bolwetse jo bo sa utlwiseng botlhoko jwa letlalo.
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