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EDUCATION LAW

(No. 11/1998/QH10December 2, 1998 )

Education and training is the foremost nationalpolicy, the cause of the State and the entire people.
In order to develop education, increase the effectiveness of State managementin education with the aim of raising the cultural standard of the population,training the human force, fostering talents in service of the industrializationand modernization of the country and meeting the demand of building anddefending the Fatherland with a view to achieving prosperity for the people,building a strong country, an equitable and civilized society;
Pursuant to the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;
This Law provides for the educational organization and activities.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1.- Scope ofregulation of the Education Law

The Education Law provides for the nationaleducation system; the schools and other educational establishments of thenational education system, of the State administrative agencies, politicalorganizations, political-social organizations, The People’s Armed Forces, andorganizations and individuals taking part in educational activities.

Article 2.- Educationalaims

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Article 3.- Characterand principles of education

1. The Vietnamese education is a socialisteducation having a people-based, national, scientific and modern character withMarxism-Leninism and the Ho Chi Minh thoughts as foundation.

2. Educational activities must be performedaccording to the principle of pairing learning with practice, combiningeducation with productive labor, theory with practice, school education withfamily education and social education.

Article 4.- Requirementsin educational contents and method

1. In its contents education must ensure thefundamental, all-round, practical, modern and systematic character, withimportance attached to ideological education and education of the civic sense,safeguarding and developing the fine traditions and the identity of thenational culture, absorbing the cream of the human culture in a way conformablewith the development of the mentality and physiology of the various age groupsof learners.

2. In its method education must develop theactiveness and the sense of voluntariness, initiative and creative thinking ofthe learners, foster their capacity of self teaching, zeal of study and will ofadvance.

3. The content and method of education must betranslated into the educational program; the educational program must beconcretized into text books and curricula. The educational program, text-booksand curricula must conform with the educational goal of each grade, each degreeand each level of training, and ensure stability and uniformity.

Article 5.- Languageused in the school

1. The Vietnamese language is the officiallanguage used in the schools.

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Article 6.- The nationaleducational system

The national educational system comprises:

1. Infant education composed of creches andpre-school education;

2. General education comprises two educational levels:primary education and secondary education; the secondary education comprisestwo grades, basic secondary education and general secondary education;

3. Vocational education comprises vocationalsecondary education and job training secondary education;

4. Higher education trains two degrees, collegeand university degrees; post university education has two levels, Master’sDegree and Doctorate.

The forms of education comprises formal and nonformal education.

Article 7.- Diplomas andcertificates

1. Diplomas of the national educational systemare issued to the learners after graduating from a grade, level or degree oftraining as provided for by this Law.

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2. Certificates of the national educational systemare issued to the learners to certify the result of learning after training orfostering to raise their cultural and professional standard.

Article 8.- Educationaldevelopment

Educational development must be linked to theneeds of socio-economic development, scientific and technological advance andconsolidation of national defense and security; ensure the balance of thestructure of levels, the structure of branches and professions, the structureof areas and regions; broaden the scope on the basis of ensuring quality andefficiency and combining training with employment.

Article 9.- The rightand obligation of citizens to learn

Learning is the right and obligation ofcitizens.

All citizens without distinction of ethnicity,religion, belief, sex, family origin, social position or economic status areequal in learning opportunities.

The State observes social equity in educationand creates conditions so that everybody can afford education. The State andthe community provide assistance so that poor people can learn and createconditions for outstanding learners to develop their talents.

The State gives preference to and createconditions for children of ethnic minorities and the families in the areas withexceptionally difficult economic and social conditions, the beneficiaries ofpreferential policies, the disabled and the beneficiaries of other socialwelfare policies, to exercise their right and discharge their obligation oflearning.

Article 10.-Universalization of education

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2. All citizens within the prescribed age grouphave the obligation to learn in order to reach the level of universaleducation.

3. The family has the responsibility to createconditions for all members within the prescribed age group in the family tolearn in order to reach the level of universal education.

Article 11.-Socialization of educational work

All organizations, families and citizens havethe responsibility to care for the educational work, build the movement oflearning and a sound educational environment and coordinate with the school inachieving the goals of education.

The State holds the key role in the developmentof education; carries out diversification of the types of school and the formsof education; encourages, mobilizes and creates conditions for organizationsand individuals to take part in the development of education.

Article 12.- Investmentin education

To invest in education is to invest indevelopment.

The State gives preference to investment ineducation and encourages organizations and individuals in the country,Vietnamese residents in foreign countries and foreign organizations and individualsto invest in education.

The State budget must hold the key role in thetotal source of investment in education.

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The State exerts unified management of thenational educational system with regard to the objective, program, content andplan of education, the criteria of teachers, the regulations on examinationsand the system of diplomas.

Article 14.- Role ofthe teacher

The teacher holds the decisive role in ensuringthe quality of education.

The teacher must constantly learn and train inorder to set a good example for the learners.

The State organizes the training and fosteringof teachers, adopts policies to ensure necessary material and spiritualconditions for teachers to discharge their task, preserve and develop thetradition of respecting the teacher and glorifying the teaching job.

Article 15.- Scientificresearch

1. The State creates conditions for the schoolto organize research, apply and popularize science and technology, combinetraining with scientific research and production aimed at raising the qualityof education and serving society, step by step achieving its role as thecultural, scientific and technological center of the locality or of the wholecountry.

2. The colleges, universities, scientificresearch institutes and production establishments have the responsibility tocoordinate with one another in the training, scientific research and technologytransfer in service of socio-economic development.

3. The State adopts the preferential policy ofdeveloping research, application and popularization of the educational science.The undertakings and policies on education must be worked out on the basis ofthe results of research by the educational science in conformity with thepractice of Vietnam.

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Not to proliferate religion or conduct religiousrites in the school and other educational institutions of the nationaleducational system, of the State administrative offices, of the politicalorganizations and socio-political organizations and of the people’s armedforces.

Article 17.-Forbiddance to misuse educational activities

It is forbidden to misuse educational activitiesto distort the undertakings, policies and laws of the State, oppose the Stateof the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, sow division within the bloc of nationalsolidarity, incite violence, make propaganda for wars of aggression, underminethe fine customs and habits, propagate superstition and harmful habits or drawlearners into social vices.

All acts of commercialization of education areforbidden.

Chapter II

NATIONAL EDUCATIONALSYSTEM

SECTION 1. INFANT EDUCATION

Article 18.-Infanteducation

Infant education carries out the raising, carefor, and education of children from three months to six years old.

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The objective of infant education is to helpchildren develop physically, sentimentally, intellectually and aestheticallyand form the first elements of their personality, and prepare the children forthe first form.

Article 20.-Requirements for the contents and method of infant education

1.The contents of infant education mustensure harmony between raising, caring and education and conform with thepsychological and physiological development of the child, help children developtheir body in a balanced manner, and become healthy and alert, know how torespect, love and behave politely to their grandparents, parents, teachers andelders, love their brothers, sisters and friends, be honest, brave andunassumed, love the beautiful, eager to know and to go to school.

2. The main method of infant education is tohelp children through the organization of recreative activities to develop inall spheres; to pay attention to setting example, encouraging and inciting.

Article 21.-Establishments of infant education

The establishments of infant education comprise:

1. Creche and group of baby sitters to care forchildren from three months to three years old;

2. Infant school and infant class admittingchildren from three to six years old;

3. "Young bud" school is aneducational establishment combining creche and infant school admitting childrenfrom three months to six years old.

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Article 22.- Generaleducation

General education comprises:

1. Primary education is the compulsory level ofeducation for all children from six to fourteen years old; it is conducted infive school-years from the first to the fifth form. The age of pupils admittedto the first form is six years;

2. Basic secondary education is conducted infour school years from the sixth to the ninth form. Pupils admitted to thesixth form must have the graduation certificate of primary education and beeleven years old;

3. General secondary education is conducted inthree school-years from the tenth to twelfth form. Pupils admitted to the tenthform must have the graduation certificate of basic secondary education and befifteen years old.

The Ministry of Education and Training shallprovide for cases where the age to start learning can be higher than prescribedin Items 1, 2 and 3 of this Article.

Article 23.- Objectiveof general education

The objective of general education is to helpthe pupils develop in all spheres, ethical, intellectual, physical, aestical,and in the basic abilities aimed at forming the personality of the socialistVietnamese, building the civic quality and sense of responsibility andpreparing the pupils to continue their education to a higher level or to jointhe working life and taking part in the building and defense of the Fatherland.

Primary education aims to help form the initialbases for the correct and long-term ethical, intellectual, physical andaesthetic development and the basic know-hows for the pupils to proceed tobasic general education.

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General secondary education aims to help thepupils consolidate and develop the results of basic secondary education,complete their general education and grasp the common technical and vocationalknowledge in order to proceed to university, college or vocational secondaryeducation and job training education or embark on the working life.

Article 24.-Requirementsfor the contents and method of general education

1. The contents of general education must ensurethe popular, basic, all-round, vocational and systematic character, must beassociated with the practice of life and conform with the psychology andphysiology of the age group of the pupils and meeting the requirements ofeducation of each level and degree of education.

Primary education must ensure that the pupilsget simple and necessary knowledge of nature, society and man; get the basicknow-how on listening, reading and writing and the calculations, the habit oftraining physically and observing hygiene, get the initial knowledge ofsinging, dancing, music and art.

Basic secondary education must consolidate anddevelop the contents already learned at primary education, ensure that thepupils get the basic general knowledge of the Vietnamese language, mathematics,the national history and other knowledge of social science, natural science,law, informatics, foreign languages and other necessary minimum understandingof technique and vocation.

General secondary education must consolidate anddevelop the contents already learned at basic secondary education and completethe contents of general education. Besides the main contents aimed at ensuringthe standard general, basic, all-round and vocational knowledge for all thepupils, there must also be the content of raising the standard in a number ofsubjects in order to develop their capacities and meeting their aspirations.

2. The method of general education consists indeveloping the activeness, voluntariness, initiative and creativeness of thepupils in conformity with the characteristics of each form and subject;fostering the method of self teaching, training their ability to applyknowledge to practice, and impact on the sentiments, bring joy and enthusiasmin studies for the pupils.

3. The contents of the method of generaleducation shall be reflected in the program of education decided and issued bythe Ministry of Education and Training.

Article 25.- Text-books

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2. The Ministry of Education and Training shallorganize the compilation and ratify the textbooks on the basis of theexaminations by the National Text-book Examination Council for official unifiedand stable use in teaching and study at the schools and other educationalestablishments.

3. The State manages the publication, printingand distribution of text-books.

Article 26.- Generaleducation establishments

The general education establishments comprise:

1. The primary schools;

2. The basic secondary schools;

3. The general secondary schools;

4. The general-vocational technical centers.

Article 27.- Diplomasof general education

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2. The Head of the Education and TrainingSection at the district, town and city under the province (hereafter commonlycalled district level) shall issue graduation diplomas of primary education.

The Directors of the Education and TrainingServices of the provinces and cities directly under the Central Government(hereafter commonly called the provincial level) shall issue graduationdiplomas of basic secondary and general secondary education.

SECTION 3. JOB EDUCATION

Article 28.- Jobeducation

Job education comprises:

1. Vocational secondary education is conductedfrom three to four years for learners having the graduation diploma of basicsecondary education, from one to two years for those having the diploma ofgeneral secondary education;

2. Job training reserved for those having acultural standard and health condition suited to the job they need to betrained in. It is carried out for less than one year for the short-term jobtraining programs and from one to three years for the long term job trainingprograms.

Article 29.- Objectiveof job education

The objective of job education is to trainworking people with knowledge and professional know-how of different levels,good ethics, professional conscience, the sense of discipline, an industrialstyle and good health with a view to creating conditions for the working peopleto have the capacity to find a job and meeting the needs of socio-economicdevelopment and strengthening national defense and security.

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Job training aims to train working people havinggeneral knowledge and know-how, technical workers and professional personnel.

Article 30.-Requirements for contents and method of job education

1. The content of job education shallconcentrate on training the professional acity, paying attention to ethicaleducation, physical training, raising the cultural standard according of the needof training.

2. The method of job education must combinetheoretical teaching with training of practical know-how in order to ensurethat after graduation the learner can do the job.

3. The content and method of job education mustbe reflected in the educational program.

The Ministry of Education and Training shallcoordinate with the specialized ministries to work out the frame programs ofvocational secondary education including the structure of the contents, thenumber of subjects, the time frame of the subjects, the time ratio betweentheory and practice and experimentation for each trade and profession of thetraining. Basing itself on the frame program, the vocational secondary schoolshall determine its own curriculum.

The State agency managing job training shalldetermine the principle of working out and organizing the implementation of thejob training program.

Article 31.- Curriculumof vocational secondary education and curriculum of long-term job training

1. The curriculum of vocational secondaryeducation and the curriculum of long-term job training must reflect theobjective and principle of education, concretize the content and method ofeducation defined in the curriculum of vocational secondary education and thecurriculum of long-term job training.

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Article 32.- Jobeducation establishments

1. Job education establishments comprise:

a/ Vocational secondary schools;

b/ Job training schools, job training centers,job training courses (hereafter commonly called job training establishments).

2. Job training establishments may be organizedindependently or in association with production, business, serviceestablishments and other educational establishments.

Article 33.- Diplomasand certificates of job education

1. Pupils having finished their vocationalsecondary education program, program of long-term job training and who fill allthe conditions prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training areeligible to sit for exams and, if they pass, shall be issued the graduationdiplomas.

Pupils who have finished short-term jobeducation programs, or the programs of fostering job standard at the vocationalsecondary schools and who fill the conditions as prescribed shall be eligibleto take tests for certificates.

2. The Headmasters of vocational secondaryschools shall issue diplomas of vocational secondary education, diplomas of jobtraining education and job certificates.

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SECTION 4. UNIVERSITY ANDPOST-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

Article 34.- Universityand post university education

University and post-university educationcomprise:

1. University education trains the collegedegree and university degree.

a/ College degree training is conducted in threeyears for persons having diplomas of general secondary education or diplomas ofvocational secondary education;

b/ Doctorate training is conducted in from fourto six years depending on the trades and jobs for those having the diploma ofgeneral secondary education or diploma of vocational secondary education andfrom one to two years for those having college diplomas of the same branch.

2. Post-university education trains the master’s degree and doctorate.

a/ Master’sdegree training is conducted in two years for persons having universitydiplomas;

b/ Doctor degree training is conducted in fouryears for persons having university diplomas, from two to three years forpersons having master diplomas. In special cases, the time for training thedoctorate may be extended as prescribed by the Ministry of Education andTraining;

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Article 35.-Objectiveof university and post-university education

The objective of university and post-universityeducation is to train persons with good political and ethical qualities, with asense of serving the people, having the knowledge and capacity to do their jobscorresponding to the level of training, good health and meeting the demand ofbuilding and defending the Fatherland.

College degree training helps the studentsacquire basic professional knowledge and practice know-how about a trade andthe capacity to solve ordinary questions in the specialty of their training.

University degree training helps the studentshave a firm grasp of professional knowledge and practice know-how about a tradeand have the capacity to detect and solve ordinary questions in the specialtyof their training.

Master degree training helps the learners tograsp the theory, get a high level of practice, have the capacity to detect andsolve questions in the specialty of their training.

Doctor degree training helps the post-graduatesget a high theoretical and practical level, have the acity to conduct researchindependently and creatively, solve questions of science and technology andguide activities in specialized domains.

Article 36.-Requirements for contents and method of university and post-universityeducation

The requirements for the contents and method ofuniversity and post- university education are provided as follows:

1. For university education:

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College degree training must ensure that thestudents get the necessary and relatively complete knowledge of basic andspecialized science, must pay attention to training the fundamental know-howand capacity to carry out specialized work.

University degree training must ensure that thestudents get the relatively complete knowledge of fundamental science andspecialized knowledge, a scientific method of work, the capacity to applytheory to specialized work.

b/ The method of university education must giveimportance to fostering the capacity of self teaching and independent research,creating conditions for the learner to develop his creative thinking, train hispractical know-how, take part in research, experimentation and application.

c/ The content and method of universityeducation must be reflected in the educational program. The Ministry of Educationand Training shall work out the frame program including the content structureof the subjects, the time of training, the rate of distribution of trainingtime among the basic and specialized subjects, between theory, practice andexperimentation. On the basis of the frame program, the college and universityshall determine the program of education for their school.

2. For post-university education:

a/ The content of post-university education musthelp the learners develop and complete their knowledge in fundamental scienceand specialized knowledge, the subjects of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi MinhThought; develop their creative capacity and their capacity to detect and solvequestions of the specialties of their training, acquire the capacity to contributeto the development of science and technology and to social-economic developmentof the country.

Master degree training must ensure that thelearners can complement and raise the knowledge they have learned at theuniversity degree, increase their multi-discipline knowledge, have thenecessary capacity to carry out their specialized work and scientific researchin their specialty.

Doctor degree training must ensure that thepost-graduates raise and complete their fundamental knowledge, have deepunderstanding of their specialty and are able of conducting independently andcreatively scientific research in their specialty.

b/ The method of training masters is carried outby the combination of in-class learning with self-teaching, independentresearch, giving importance to developing the capacity to practice, thecapacity of discovery and the settlement of professional matters.

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c/ The content of the method of education in thesubjects, specialized subjects, treatises and theses shall be prescribed by theMinistry of Education and Training.

Article 37.- Collegeand university curricula

1. The college and university curricula mustreflect the objective and principle of education, concretize the content andmethod of education defined in the training program of the colleges anduniversities.

2. The State adopts policies to ensure that allcolleges and universities have the necessary curricula.

3. The Ministry of Education and Training shall organizethe compilation and ratifying of curricula used for both the colleges anduniversities. The Headmasters of the colleges and universities shall organizethe compilation and ratifying of the curricula for different specialties ofeach school on the basis of the Curriculum Examination Council set up by theHeadmaster for use as official materials for teaching and study at the school.

Article 38.-Establishments for university and post university education

1. The establishments of university and post-universityeducation comprise:

a/ Colleges to train college degree;

b/ Universities to train college and universitydegrees and the master and doctor degrees when assigned by the Prime Minister;

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2. The concrete model for organization ofdifferent types of university shall be prescribed by the Government.

Article 39.- Diplomasof university and post-university education

1. Students having finished the college degreeand qualifying as prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training.

Students having finished the university programand having the conditions prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Trainingare eligible to sit for examinations and defend their projects and graduationtheses and shall be granted the diploma of college degree if they get the pass.

The university graduation diploma of a technicalbranch is called engineer diploma, of the architecture branch is calledarchitect diploma, of the medical branch is called medical doctor diploma orpharmacist diploma, of the fundamental sciences, teacher’training, jurisprudence and economy is called bachelor diploma. For the otherbranches it is called university diploma.

2. Learners who have finished the program oftraining masters and who meet the conditions prescribed by the Ministry ofEducation and Training are eligible to defend their theses and if they passshall be issued the master’sdiploma.

Post-graduates who have finished the program ofdoctor training and who meet the conditions prescribed by the Ministry ofEducation and Training are eligible to defend their theses and if they meet therequirements shall be issued the doctorate diploma.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shallissue the doctorate diploma.

For the diplomas of masters and diplomas ofuniversity graduation and masters degree, the Headmaster of the school shallissue diplomas of such degree as it is allowed to train.

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SECTION 5. MODE OF NON-FORMALEDUCATION

Article 40.- Non-formaleducation

Non-formal education is the mode of education tohelp everyone to work and learn at the same time and to learn continually allthe life aimed at perfecting their personality, broadening their knowledge,elevating their cultural, specialization and professional standard in order toimprove the quality of life, find a job and adapt to social life.

Article 41.-Requirements for content and method of non-formal education

1. The content of non-formal education shall bereflected in the following programs:

a/ Program of eradication of illiteracy andfurther education after literacy;

b/ Program of complementary training, periodicalfostering and fostering to raise the standard and upgrade knowledge andknow-how;

c/ Educational program to meet the demand of thelearner;

d/ Educational program to get the diploma of thenational educational system in the form of learning while working,correspondence education and self teaching with guidance.

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The educational content of the educationalprogram stipulated at Point d, Item 1 of this Article must conform with theregulations of the Ministry of Education and Training.

3. The method of non-formal education mustdevelop the initiative role and exploit the experience of the learner and giveimportance to fostering his/her self-teaching capacity.

Article 42.-Establishments of non-formal education

1. The establishments of non-formal educationcomprises:

a/ Permanent education centers;

b/ Non-formal education is also carried out atthe general education and vocational secondary schools, job training centers,colleges and universities, and through the mass media.

The formal education establishments whichconduct educational programs in the method of non-formal education must assuretheir training task; non-formal education can be conducted only for theprograms stipulated at Point d, Item 1, Article 41 of this Law and conducted inthe formal system with the permission of the competent State educationalauthority.

2. The centers of permanent education shall notcarry out educational programs for diplomas of vocational secondary educationand the diplomas of college and university education.

Article 43.-Diplomas and certificates of non-formal education

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a/ They have registered at an educationalestablishment competent to train the corresponding grade, level or degree;

b/ They have finished the program and meet allthe conditions on checking the result of learning and are certified by theeducational establishment at the place of registration to be fully qualified tosit for examination as prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training.

2. Learners having finished the educationalprograms prescribed at Points a, b and c, Item 1, Article 41 of this Law andmeeting the conditions prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training areeligible to attend the test and shall be issued certificates of non-formaleducation if they get the pass.

3. Learners having finished the educationalprogram stipulated in Point d, Item 41 of this Law, are eligible for theexaminations if they meet all the conditions prescribed by the Ministry ofEducation and Training. If they get the pass they shall be issued thegraduation diplomas of the mode of non-formal education. This mode must bespecified on the diplomas. If they meet all the conditions prescribed for agraduation examination in the formal system they shall be qualified to attendthe examinations and if they get the pass they shall be issued the graduationdiplomas of this formal system.

4. The competence of issuing diplomas of nonformal education is prescribed like the competence of issuing diplomas offormal education.

5. The Director of the non-formal educationalcenter shall issue the certificate of non-formal education.

Chapter III

THE SCHOOL AND OTHEREDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

SECTION 1. ORGANIZATION ANDACTIVITIES OF THE SCHOOL

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1.The school in the national educationalsystem is established according to the State planning and plan aimed atdeveloping the educational work and is organized in these forms: public,semi-public, people-founded and private.

The schools, whether they are public,semi-public, people-founded or private, are subject to State management byeducational managerial agencies according to the division of work andallocation of responsibilities of the Government.

The State creates conditions for the publicschools to play the pivotal role in the national educational system, adoptspolicies to encourage organizations and individuals to open people-founded andprivate schools to meet the educational needs of society.

2. On the basis of the provisions of this Law,the Government shall make concrete provisions on the organization andactivities of the schools of various types.

Article 45.- The schoolof State administrative agencies, political organizations, socio-politicalorganizations and the people’armed forces

1. Schools of State administrative agencies,political organizations and socio-political organizations have the duty totrain and foster government officials and public servants. Schools of the people’ armed forces have the duty to trainand foster officers, non-commissioned officers, professional armymen anddefense workers; foster leading government officials and State managerialofficials on their tasks and knowledge about national defense and security.

2. The Government shall make concrete provisionson the implementation of this Law for the schools stipulated in Item 1 of thisArticle.

Article 46.- Conditionsfor founding

1. Schools shall be authorized to be set up bydecision of the competent State authority as provided for in Article 47 of thisLaw when they ensure the conditions on managerial officials, teachers, schoolbuilding, equipment and finance as prescribed by the Government.

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Article 47.-Competencein founding, suspending, merging, dividing, splitting and dissolving schools

1. Competence in founding a school is stipulatedas follows:

a/ The President of the People’s Committees at district levelshall decide to found infant schools, creches, primary schools, basic secondaryschools, and semi-boarding general schools for ethnic minorities;

b/ The Presidents of the People’sCommittees at provincial level shalldecide the founding of general secondary schools, general boarding schools forethnic minorities, vocational general schools and job training schools in theprovince;

c/ The Ministers, the Heads of ministerial-levelagencies and agencies attached to the Government shall decide the founding ofvocational secondary schools and attached job training schools;

d/ The Minister of Education and Training shalldecide the founding of colleges and pre-university schools;

e/ The Prime Minister shall decide the foundingof universities.

2. The level of authority which has decided thefounding of schools shall have the competence to suspend their activities, tomerge, divide, split or dissolve them.

The Government shall make concrete provisionsfor the procedures to suspend, merge, divide, split and dissolve schools.

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1. Schools are organized and carry out theiractivities according to provisions of this Law and their Statutes.

2. The school Statute must include the followingmain contents:

a/ Tasks and powers of the school;

b/ Organization of educational activities at theschool;

c/ Tasks and rights of the teachers;

d/ Tasks and rights of the learners;

e/ Organization and management of the school;

f/ Material bases and equipment of the school;

g/ Relations between the school, the family andsociety.

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Article 49.- Headmaster

1. The Headmaster is the person responsible formanaging the activities of the school appointed and recognized by the competentState authority.

2. The Headmasters of the schools in thenational educational system must be trained and fostered in the job of managingschools.

3. The criteria, tasks and powers of theHeadmaster, the procedures of nominating and recognizing the Headmasters ofcolleges and universities shall be prescribed by the Prime Minister; for theschools at other degrees and levels of education the Headmasters shall beprescribed by the Minister of Education and Training.

Article 50.-Advisory council at the school

1. The Advisory Council at the school shall beset up by the Headmaster with a view to advising the Headmaster in carrying outthe tasks and exercising the powers of the school as prescribed by this Law.The Advisory Council at the infant schools, pre-school establishments, primaryschools, basic secondary schools, general secondary schools is calledEducational Council, at the vocational secondary schools and job trainingschools it is called Training Council. At the colleges and universities it iscalled Scientific and Training Council.

2. The organization and activities of theAdvisory Council mentioned in Item 1 of this Article shall be stipulated in theStatute of the school.

Article 51.-Organization of the Party at the school

The organization of the Communist Party ofVietnam at the school leads the school and operates within the framework of theConstitution and law.

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Mass organizations and social organizationsshall operate at the school as provided for by law and have the responsibility tocontribute to achieving the objectives of education as stipulated in this Law.

SECTION 2. TASKS AND POWERSOF THE SCHOOL

Article 53.-Task and powers of the school

The school has the following tasks and powers:

1. To organize the teaching, studies and othereducational activities according to the objective and program of education;

2. To manage the teachers, officials andemployees;

3. To recruit students and manage the learners;

4. To manage and use the land, school buildings,equipment and finance as prescribed by law;

5. To coordinate with the families of learners,organizations and individuals in educational activities;

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7. Other tasks and powers as prescribed by law.

Article 54.-Tasks and powers of the vocational secondary schools, colleges and universitiesin scientific research and social service

1. In addition to the tasks stipulated inArticle 53 of this Law, the vocational secondary schools, colleges anduniversities have the following tasks:

a/ To perform activities of scientific research,application and development of technology, to take part in solving economic andsocial problems of the locality and the country;

b/ To perform scientific and technology transferand production and business activities suited to the branches and trades oftraining as prescribed by law.

2. When performing the tasks defined in Item 1of this Article, the vocational secondary schools, colleges and universities havethe following rights and powers:

a/ To be allocated land by or to lease land fromthe State, to enjoy tax reduction or exemption, to receive credit loans asprescribed by law;

b/ To join economic, educational, cultural,physical training and sport, medical and scientific research organizationsaimed at raising the educational quality and associating training withemployment in service of the socio-economic development and supplementingfinancial resources for the school;

c/ To use revenues from economic activities toinvest in building material bases of the school, expand production and businessand pay for educational activities according to provisions of law.

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The colleges and universities are given theright to autonomy and self assumption of responsibility as prescribed by lawand according to the statute of the school in the following jobs:

1. Working out the programs, curricula, teachingand learning plans for the branches and trades of which training is allowed.

2. Recruiting students according to the targetsof the Ministry of Education and Training, organizing the process of training,recognizing graduation and issuing diplomas according to their competence.

3. Organizing the apparatus of the school;

4. Mobilizing, managing and using the variousfunds aimed at achieving the objective of education;

5. Cooperating with economic, educational,cultural, physical training and sport, medical, scientific research organizationsin the country and abroad as prescribed by the Government.

SECTION 3. TYPES OF SPECIALSCHOOLS

Article 56.-Boardinggeneral schools for ethnic minorities, semi-boarding general schools for ethnicminorities, pre-university schools

1. The State shall set up boarding generalschools for ethnic minorities, semi-boarding general schools for ethnicminorities and pre-university schools for children of ethnic minorities,children of families of ethnic minorities in areas with exceptionally difficulteconomic and social conditions aimed at contributing to creating sources oftraining public servants for these areas.

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Article 57.-Specialized and special aptitude schools

1. Specialized schools are founded at thegeneral secondary education level for those students who achieve outstandingresults in studies aimed at developing their aptitude in a number of subjectson the basis of assuring all-round general education.

2. Aptitude schools in arts, physical trainingand sports are founded to develop talents of the students in these domains.

3. The State gives priority in the assignment ofteachers, material bases, equipment and budget to the specialized schools andaptitude schools. The Ministry of Education and Training shall cooperate withthe related branches and ministries in deciding to issue educational programsand organizational statutes for these schools.

Article 58.- Schoolsand classes reserved for the disabled

The State sets up and encourages organizationsand individuals to set up schools and classes reserved for the disabled aimedat helping the latter recover their functions improve their cultural standard,learn jobs and integrate into the community.

Article 59.-Re-educationschools

1. Re-education schools have the duty to educatedelinquent minors so that the latter can train and develop soundly and becomehonest people likely to reintegrate into social life.

2. The Ministry of Public Security has the dutyto coordinate with the Ministry of Education and Training and the Ministry ofLabor, War Invalids and Social Affairs to provide for the educational programfor this type of school.

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Article 60.-Other educational establishments

Basing itself on the provisions of this Law, theGovernment shall make concrete provisions on the founding, organization andactivities of other educational establishments.

Chapter IV

TEACHERS

SECTION 1. TASKS AND RIGHTSOF TEACHERS

Article 61.-Teachers

1. A teacher is a person entrusted with the taskof teaching and educating at the school or other educational establishments.

2. The teacher must have the following criteria:

a/ Good moral qualities, ethics and ideology;

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c/ Physically fit as required by the profession;

d/ A clear personal history.

3. Teachers at infant educationalestablishments, general education and vocational establishments are calledteachers. At the university and post university establishments they are calledlecturers.

Article 62.- Professorsand associate professors

Professors and associate professors are titlesof teachers who are teaching and training university and post-universitydegrees.

The Government shall provide for the criteriaand procedures of appointing and dismissing the titles of professor andassociate professor.

Article 63.-Tasksof teachers

Teachers have the following tasks:

1. To educate and teach according to theobjective, principles and programs of education;

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3. To preserve the quality, prestige and honorof the teacher, respect the dignity of the learners, to behave justly withlearners, and protect their legitimate rights and interests;

4. To constantly study and train in order toraise their quality, ethics, professional and specialty standard and set goodexamples to the learners.

5. The other duties as prescribed by law.

Article 64.-Rights of teachers

Teachers have the following rights:

1. To teach according to the specialty in whichthey are trained;

2. To get training to raise their standard andto be fostered in specialty;

3. To sign contracts on auditioning and carryingout scientific research at other schools, educational and research institutionson conditions of fully carrying out the programs and plans assigned by theschool;

4. To take summer vacation, enjoy the Tetholiday (lunar New Year festival), to take a leave between two semesters asstipulated by the Ministry of Education and Training;

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Article 65.-Auditioning

1. The school and other educationalestablishments are entitled to invite persons who meet the criteria stipulatedat Item 2, Article 61 of this Law to come and teach.

2. The person who is invited to audition mustcarry out the tasks defined at Article 63 of this Law.

3. If they are government officials or publicservants, the auditioning person must assure fulfillment of their tasks attheir place of work.

Article 66.- VietnamTeachers Day

The 20th of November each year is the VietnamTeachers Day.

SECTION 2. TRAINING ANDFOSTERING TEACHERS

Article 67.-Standardlevel of training for teachers

1. The standard level of training for teachersis prescribed as follows:

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b/ Diploma of teacher’scollege education for teachers of basic secondary education;

c/ Diploma of teacher’suniversity education for teachers of general secondary education;

d/ Diploma of teacher’scollege or other college education for teachers teaching general subjects,technique and jobs, diploma or job teaching school, artisans, technicians,skilled technical workers for teachers guiding practice at job training schools;

e/ Diploma of teacher’suniversity or other university diplomas for teachers of vocational secondaryschools;

f/ Diploma of university education and higherfor teachers teaching at colleges or universities; diploma of master’s degree for teachers teachingor training master of arts, doctorate for teachers training doctors.

2. The Ministry of Education and Training shallprovide for the recruitment, fostering and employment of teachers who have notreached the standard level.

Article 68.- Teachers schools

1. Teachers’schools are founded by the State to train and foster teachers and othereducational workers.

2. Teachers’schools are given priority in the recruitment of teachers, assignment ofmanagerial officials, in investment in building material bases and in theallotment of training cost.

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Article 69.-Trainingteachers for colleges and universities

The training of teachers for colleges anduniversities is done according to the mode of preferential recruitment ofgraduates from universities in the above-average and good categories with goodquality and persons having university or post- university level, experienced inpractical activities, and who wish to become teachers to continue training inpedagogical specialty and career.

SECTION 3. POLICIES TOWARDTEACHERS

Article 70.- Fosteringin specialization and profession

The State adopts policies to foster teachers inspecialization and profession to raise their level and stardardize them.

Teachers can be sent to training courses toraise their standard, fostered in specialization and profession and areentitled to receive salary and allowances as prescribed by the Government.

Article 71.-Salary

1. The salary scale and grades of teachers isone of the highest in the system of salary scales and grades of theadministrative and non business sector of the State.

2. Teachers receive professional allowances andother allowances as prescribed by the Government.

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1. Teachers and educational management workersworking at specialized schools, special aptitude schools, general boardingschools and semi-boarding general schools for ethnic minorities, pre-universityschools, schools reserved for the disabled, re-education schools and otherspecial schools shall enjoy the regime of allowances and other preferentialtreatment policies as provided for by the Government.

2. Teachers and educational management officialsworking in areas with exceptionally difficult socio-economic conditions shallenjoy lodging conditions created by the People’sCommittees of various levels and enjoy the regime of allowances and otherpreferential policies provided for by the Government.

3. The State adopts policies of rotatingteachers working in areas with exceptionally difficult socio-economicconditions, encourages teachers and give preferences to teachers in areas withadvantageous conditions to go and work in areas with exceptionally difficultsocio-economic conditions, creating conditions for teachers in these areas tofeel reassured in their work.

Chapter V

LEARNERS

SECTION 1. TASKS AND RIGHTSOF LEARNERS

Article 73.- Learners

1. Learners are persons currently learning atschool or other educational establishments of the national educational system.Learners comprise:

a/ Children of the infant educationestablishments;

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c/ Students of colleges and universities;

d/ Learners of masters training establishments;

e/ Post graduates of doctors trainingestablishments;

f/ Learners under non-formal educationalprograms.

2. The stipulations in this Chapter shall applyonly to learners mentioned in Points b, c, d, e and f of Item 1 of thisArticle.

3. Basing itself on the provisions of this Law,the Government shall provide for the rights and policies toward children at theinfant educational establishments.

Article 74.-Tasks of learners

Learners have the following tasks:

1. To carry out the task of learning andtraining according to the educational program and plan of the school or othereducational establishments.

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3. To take part in labor and social activitiessuited to their age group, health and capacities;

4. To preserve and protect properties of theschool or other educational establishments;

5. To contribute to the building, protection anddevelopment of the tradition of the school or other educational establishments.

Article 75.-Rights of learners

Learners have the following rights:

1. To be respected and treated equally by theschool or other educational establishments, to be fully informed about theirstudies.

2. To learn before age, to skip classes, tolearn in shorter periods than prescribed by the program, to repeat classes asprescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training;

3.To take part in activities of the massorganizations and social organizations in the school or other educationalestablishments as prescribed by law.

4. To use equipment and means in service ofeducational, cultural, physical training and sport activities of the school orother educational establishments;

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6. To enjoy preferential policies of the Statein the recruitment to State agencies if they graduate with excellent marks anddisplay good ethics.

Article 76.-Obligations of learners at State-run colleges and universities

1. Graduates of State-run colleges anduniversities, persons who are sent to follow university and post-universityprograms abroad and who receive State-supplied scholarships or are funded byforeign countries under agreements signed with the State have to obey theassignment of the State to work for given periods. In case of failure to complythey have to pay back the scholarships and training cost.

2. The Government shall make concrete provisionsfor the time of work under assignment by the competent State authority, thetime to wait for job allocation and the level of repayment of scholarships andtraining cost defined in Item 1 of this Article.

SECTION 2. POLICIES TOWARDLEARNERS

Article 77.-Scholarships, social allowances

1. The State adopts policies of issuingscholarships to encourage studies to learners with results in studies andtraining from the above-average category at the vocational educational establishments,university education, post university education; issuing policy scholarships tostudents of the appointment recruitment system, students of the pre-universityschools, general boarding schools for ethnic minorities, job training schoolsreserved for war invalids and disabled persons.

2. The State adopts policies of subsidizing andexempting or reducing tuitions for learners beneficiaries of the socialpolicies, members of ethnic minorities in areas with exceptionally difficultsocio-economic conditions, orphans and helpless people, invalids meeting witheconomic difficulties, persons with exceptionally difficult conditions whoovercome difficulties and pursue learning.

3. Pupils and students of the teachers trainingservice, learners at teachers training courses exempt from tuition, shall begiven priority in considering the granting of scholarships and/or socialallowances stipulated in Items 1 and 2 of this Article.

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Article 78.-Appointment recruitment system

1. The State recruits students into universitiesand vocational secondary schools according to the appointment-recruitmentsystem with regard to children of ethnic minorities in areas with exceptionallydifficult socio-economic conditions in order to train officials and publicservants for those areas.

2. Learners in the appointment recruitment systemmust after graduation obey the bidding of the competent State agency which hassent them to studies. The minimum period of work in the locality shall beprescribed by the People’sCommittee of provincial level which sends the learner to the school or course.Failing to obey the bidding and allocation of work, the learners shall have toreimburse the scholarships and training cost as prescribed by the Government.

3. The agency which sends persons to a school orcourse and the agency receiving the learners according to theappointment-recruitment system must send and receive the learners according tothe prescribed criteria. The sending agency has the duty to receive and assignwork to the learners after graduation.

Article 79.-Educational credit

Learners at the vocational educationalestablishments, university and post university establishments who meet economicdifficulties shall receive loans from the Educational Credit Fund of the Bankto carry out their studies.

Article 80.- Exemptionand reduction of public service fees for pupils and students

Pupils and students enjoy the regime ofexemption or reduction of fees when using public services in medical care,transport, entertainment, visiting museums, historical relics and culturalmonuments as provided by the Government.

Chapter VI

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Article 81.-Responsibilityof the school

The school has the responsibility to take theinitiative in coordinating with the family and society to achieve the objectiveand principles of education.

Article 82.-Responsibility of the family

1. Parents or tutor have the responsibility toraise, care for and create conditions for their children or the tutored personto study, train and take part in activities of the school.

2. All members of the family have theresponsibility to build a cultured family, create a favorable environment forall-round development, ethical, intellectual, physical, aesthetic of children.Adults have the responsibility to educate and set example for children andtogether with the school raise the quality and efficiency of education.

Article 83.-Rights of parents or tutor of pupils

Parents or tutors of the pupils have thefollowing rights:

1. To ask the school to inform them of theresult of studies and training of their children or the tutored persons.

2. To take part in educational activitiesaccording to the plan of the school; to take part in the activities of parentsand tutors of pupils organized by the school;

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Article 84.-Responsibility of society

1. State agencies, political organizations,socio-political organizations, social organizations, socio-professionalorganizations, economic organizations, people’sarmed forces units and all citizens have the responsibility :

a/ To help the school organize educationalactivities and scientific research activities and create conditions for teachersand learners to make visits, practice tours and conduct scientific research;

b/ To help build a movement of learning and asound educational environment, to prevent activities that badly affect theyouth, youngsters and children;

c/ To create conditions for learners toentertain themselves, conduct healthy cultural, physical training and sportactivities;

d/ To contribute human, financial and materialresources to the educational work according to their capacity.

2. The Vietnam Fatherland Front, member organizationsof the Front have the responsibility to urge the entire people to care for theeducational cause.

3. The Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union has theresponsibility to coordinate with the school in educating the youth, youngstersand children, urging its members and the other youth to be exemplary instudies, training and taking part in the development of educational work.

Article 85.-Education promotion fund, education support fund

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Chapter VII

STATE MANAGEMENT OFEDUCATION

SECTION 1. TENURE OF STATEMANAGEMENT AND THE AGENCY EXERCISING STATE MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION

Article 86.-Tenure of State management of education

The tenure of State management of educationcomprises:

1.To build and direct the execution ofthe strategy, planning, plans and policy of educational development;

2. To issue and organize the execution of thestatutory legal documents on education; to issue the Statute of the school; toissue the regulations on the organization and activities of the othereducational establishments;

3. To stipulate the objective, program andcontent of education, criteria of teachers, criteria of the material bases andequipment of the school; the compilation, publication, printing anddistribution of text books and teaching curriculum, the regulations onexaminations and the granting of diplomas;

4. Organizing the managerial apparatus ofeducation;

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6. To mobilize, manage and use of variousresources to develop education;

7. To organize, and manage scientific andtechnology research in the educational service;

8. To organize and manage the internationalrelations work in education;

9. To provide for the conferment of honor titlesto persons with meritorious services to the education cause;

10. To supervise or inspect the observance of legislationon education; to settle complaints and denunciations and handle law-breakingacts in education.

Article 87.-State management agency in education

1. The Government exercises unified Statemanagement over education

The Government shall submit to the NationalAssembly draft proposals before deciding major undertakings that affect thelearning rights and obligations of citizens in the whole country, undertakingson reforms of contents of the program of a whole degree or level of education;each year it shall report to the National Assembly on educational activitiesand the implementation of the educational budget.

2. The Ministry of Education and Training isanswerable to the Government for the implementation of State management ofeducation.

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The Government shall make concrete provisionsfor the responsibility of the ministries, ministerial-level agencies andagencies attached to the Government in coordinating with the Ministry ofEducation and Training to carry out unified State management of education

4. The People’sCommittees at various levels shall conduct State management of education in thelocalities as prescribed by the Government.

SECTION 2. INVESTMENT INEDUCATION

Article 88.- Financialsources to invest in education

Financial sources to invest in educationcomprise:

1. State budget;

2. School fees; contributions to the building ofschools and classrooms; revenue from consultant activities, technologytransfer, production business and service of the educational establishments;other funding from organizations and individuals in the country and abroad asprescribed by law.

Article 89.-State budget to finance education

1. The State gives first priority to theallocation of the budget for education, ensures an increasing proportion of theState budget for education as required by the development of the educationalcause.

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3. The financial agency has the responsibilityto allocate full, timely educational expenditures conformable with the progressof the school year. The educational management agency has the responsibility tomanage and effectively use the educational budget allocated to it and othersources of revenue as prescribed by law.

Article 90.-Priority investment in building schools

The ministries, the ministerial-level agencies,the agencies attached to the Government, People’sCouncils and People’sCommittees at various levels have the responsibility to incorporate thebuilding of schools, and the constructions of physical training, sport, cultureand art in service of education into the planning and plan of using land, theplan for capital construction, and to give priority of investment in thebuilding of schools and boarding houses in their plans of socio-economicdevelopment.

Article 91.-Encouragement to invest in education

1. The state encourages and creates conditionsfor organization and individuals to contribute to and fund education. Thecontributions and funding from enterprises for education shall be accountedinto the reasonable expenditures of the enterprises; the contributions of enterprisesand individuals shall not be accounted into taxable income as prescribed by theGovernment.

2. The expenditures of economic organizations toopen schools and courses for training at the establishments, coordinating intraining with the schools and scientific research institutes, sending personsfor training and receiving new technology in service of the needs of their ownunits shall be incorporated into production, business and service expenditures.

3. The school and other educational establishmentsshall enjoy priority treatment in the land use right, credit and tax exemptionor reduction as prescribed by the Government.

4. Organizations and individuals investing inthe building of constructions catering to education, that donate money or materialsin kind to develop education shall be considered for recognition in appropriateforms.

Article 92.-School fees, recruitment fee, contribution to building schools

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The Government shall provide for the school feeframe and the mechanism of collecting and using school fees for all types ofschool and other educational establishments on the principle of nonegalitarianism, exemption and reduction of school fees for the beneficiaries ofsocial policies and poor people.

The People’sCouncils at provincial level shall base themselves on the school fee frame ofthe Government to decide the level of collection of school fee and recruitmentfee for the schools and other educational establishments in the province on thebasis of the proposal of the People’sCommittee of the same level.

The Ministry of Education and Training, and theMinistry of Finance shall base themselves on the prescriptions of theGovernment on school fees to direct the collection and use of school fees andrecruitment fees at the schools and other educational establishments directlyunder the Central Government.

2. The People’sCouncils at various levels shall base themselves on the need of educationaldevelopment, the economic situation and the ability of contribution of thelocal population to decide the level of contribution to the building of schoolsand classrooms on the basis of consulting the people and the proposal of thePeople’s Committee of thesame level.

Article 93.-Preferential taxation in publication of textbooks and production of teachingaids and toys

The State shall adopt preferential tax policiesin the publication of textbooks, curricula and teaching materials; productionand supply of teaching aids, children toys, in the import of books, newspapers,materials, teaching aids and research equipment used in the school and othereducational establishments.

SECTION 3. INTERNATIONALRELATIONS IN EDUCATION

Article 94.-International relations in education

The State shall expand and develop theinternational relations in education on the principle of respect for thenational independence and sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit.

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1. The State encourages and creates conditionsfor the schools and other educational establishments of Vietnam to cooperatewith foreign organizations and individuals and Vietnamese residents abroad toteach, study and conduct scientific research.

2. The State encourages and creates conditionsfor Vietnamese citizens to go abroad to study, teach and conduct research andacademic exchanges either by self funding or with funding from organizations orindividuals in the country or with funding from foreign organizations andindividuals.

3. The State shall use its budget to sendpersons qualified in quality and ethics and standard to study and conductresearch abroad in key trades and domains in service of the building anddefense of the Fatherland.

Article 96.-Encouragementto cooperation in education with Vietnam

1. Foreign organizations and individuals, internationalorganizations, Vietnamese residents abroad are encouraged by the VietnameseState which shall create conditions for them to teach, study, invest, fund,cooperate, apply scientific advances, transfer technology in education inVietnam; they have their legitimate rights and interests protected according toVietnamese law and the international conventions which the Socialist Republicof Vietnam has signed or acceded to.

2. The cooperation in training, opening schoolsand other educational establishments by Vietnamese residents abroad, or byforeign organizations and individuals and international organizations onVietnamese territory shall be prescribed by the Government.

Article 97.-Recognition of foreign diplomas

1. The recognition of diplomas of Vietnameseissued by foreign countries shall conform with the prescriptions of theMinistry of Education and Training and the international conventions which theSocialist Republic of Vietnam has signed or acceded to.

2. The Minister of Education and Training takesresponsibility for signing agreements on correspondence of diplomas or mutualrecognitions of diplomas with other countries and international organizations.

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Article 98.-Educational inspection

Educational inspection is specialized inspectionin education.

The organization and operation of theEducational Inspectorate shall be prescribed by the Government.

Article 99. -Taskof Educational Inspectorate

The Educational Inspectorate has the followingtasks:

1. To inspect the observance of legislation oneducation;

2. To inspect the realization of the objective,plan, program, contents and method of education, the technical statute, theexaminations regulations, the issuing of diplomas and certificates, therealization of the prescriptions on the necessary conditions to ensure theeducational quality at the educational establishments;

3. To certify, conclude and make recommendationson the settlement of the complaints and denunciations concerning educationalactivities; to propose to the competent State agencies to handle violations ofthe law on education;

4. To propose measures to ensure enforcement ofthe law on education; to propose amendments and supplements to policies andregulations of the State on education.

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When conducting inspection, the EducationalInspectorate has the following powers:

1. To request the concerned persons and relatedparties to supply documents and evidences and answer necessary questionsdirectly related to the inspection;

2. To draw the inspection report, to proposemeasures of settlement with regard to the wrong doings;

3. To take measures to prevent and handleviolations as prescribed by law.

Article 101.-Responsibility of the Educational Inspector

When conducting an inspection, the EducationalInspector has the following responsibilities:

1. To produce the inspection decision and theInspector Card;

2. To observe the order and procedures ofinspection, to refrain from causing nuisances or hindrances to normaleducational activities or cause damage to the legitimate interests of theteachers and learners;

3. To report to the competent agency on theresult of inspection and propose measures of settlement;

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Article 102.-Rights of the inspected

When the Educational Inspector conducts theinspection, the inspected has the following rights:

1. To request the Inspector to produce theinspection decision, the Inspector Card and strictly observe legislation oninspection;

2. To appeal denounce and file suits to thecompetent State agency about the inspection decision, the acts of the Inspectorand the conclusion on inspection which he/she has the ground to believe notright;

3. To ask for compensation for damage caused bythe measures of settlement at variance with law of the Inspection Team or theInspector.

Article 103.-Responsibility of the inspected

When the Educational Inspector conducts theinspection, the inspected has the following responsibilities:

1. To carry out the request of the InspectionTeam or the Inspector;

2. To create conditions for the Inspector tocarry out his/her task;

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Chapter VIII

REWARD AND HANDLING OFVIOLATIONS

Article 104.- Awardingthe honor title of People’sTeacher and Merit Teacher

Teachers, educational management officials,educational researchers who are qualified as prescribed by law shall be awardedthe honor title of People’sTeacher or Merit Teacher by the State.

Article 105.- Awardingorganizations and individuals with good records in education

Organizations and individuals with goodcontributions to the educational cause shall be awarded as prescribed by law.

Article 106.- Awardingthe learners

Learners with good records in studies andtraining shall be awarded by the school, another educational establishment oran educational management agency. In case of especially outstanding records itshall be rewarded according to provisions of law.

Article 107.-Awarding the title Honor Doctor

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Article 108.- Handlingviolations

Anyone taking one of the following acts shallbe, depending on the nature and extent of the violation, be subject todiscipline, administrative sanction or examined for penal liabilities. If itcauses damage he/she has to pay compensation as prescribed by law:

1. To illegally set up an educationalestablishment;

2. To violate regulations on organization andactivities of the school or other educational establishments;

3. To add or omit on its own initiative subjectsand contents of teaching already included in the educational program; distortthe educational contents;

4. To publish, print and distribute textbooksillegally;

5. To make fake dossier, to violate the statuteson recruitment, examinations and the issue of diplomas and certificates;

6. To infringe upon the dignity and body of theteachers; maltreat and persecute the learners;

7 To cause disorder and loss of security andorder in the school or other educational establishments;

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9. To cause damage to the material bases of theschool or other educational establishments;

10. Other violations of the education law.

Chapter IX

IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS

Article 109.-Implementation effect

This Law takes effect from the 1st of June,1999.

All earlier regulations contrary to this Law arenow annulled.

Article 110.- Guidancefor implementation

The Government shall provide detailed guidancefor the implementation of this Law.

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THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY




Nong Duc Manh