new Operatorsuper Keyword? : ), )if Statementdo-while Statementwhile Statementfor Statementfor-in,for-of, andfor-await-of Statementscontinue Statementbreak Statementreturn Statementwith Statementswitch Statementthrow Statementtry Statementdebugger Statement?um/p1-90`The descriptions below in this section,
Aread-modify-write modification function is a mathematical function that is represented as an abstract closure that takes two
To aid verifying that a read-modify-write modification function's algorithm steps constitute a pure, mathematical function, the following editorial conventions are recommended:
Afixed-length ArrayBuffer is an ArrayBuffer whose byte length cannot change after creation.
Aresizable ArrayBuffer is an ArrayBuffer whose byte length may change after creation via calls to
The kind of ArrayBuffer object that is created depends on the arguments passed to
The abstract operation AllocateArrayBuffer takes argumentsconstructor (a
The abstract operation ArrayBufferByteLength takes argumentsarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or SharedArrayBuffer) andorder (
The abstract operation ArrayBufferCopyAndDetach takes argumentsarrayBuffer (an
realloc.The abstract operation IsDetachedBuffer takes argumentarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or a SharedArrayBuffer) and returns a Boolean. It performs the following steps when called:
The abstract operation DetachArrayBuffer takes argumentarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer) and optional argumentkey (anything) and returns either a
Detaching an ArrayBuffer instance disassociates the
The abstract operation CloneArrayBuffer takes argumentssrcBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or a SharedArrayBuffer),srcByteOffset (a non-negative
The abstract operation GetArrayBufferMaxByteLengthOption takes argumentoptions (an
The
The implementation of HostResizeArrayBuffer must conform to the following requirements:
The default implementation of HostResizeArrayBuffer is to return
The abstract operation IsFixedLengthArrayBuffer takes argumentarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or a SharedArrayBuffer) and returns a Boolean. It performs the following steps when called:
The abstract operation IsUnsignedElementType takes argumenttype (a
The abstract operation IsUnclampedIntegerElementType takes argumenttype (a
The abstract operation IsBigIntElementType takes argumenttype (a
The abstract operation IsNoTearConfiguration takes argumentstype (a
The abstract operation RawBytesToNumeric takes argumentstype (a
The abstract operation GetRawBytesFromSharedBlock takes argumentsblock (a
The abstract operation GetValueFromBuffer takes argumentsarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or SharedArrayBuffer),byteIndex (a non-negative
The abstract operation NumericToRawBytes takes argumentstype (a
The abstract operation SetValueInBuffer takes argumentsarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or SharedArrayBuffer),byteIndex (a non-negative
The abstract operation GetModifySetValueInBuffer takes argumentsarrayBuffer (an ArrayBuffer or a SharedArrayBuffer),byteIndex (a non-negative
The ArrayBuffer
extends clause of a class definition. Subclasssuper call to the ArrayBufferArrayBuffer.prototype built-in methods.This function performs the following steps when called:
The ArrayBuffer
This function performs the following steps when called:
The initial value ofArrayBuffer.prototype is the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
ArrayBuffer[%Symbol.species%] is an
The value of the
TheArrayBuffer prototype object:
ArrayBuffer.prototype.byteLength is an
The initial value ofArrayBuffer.prototype.constructor is
ArrayBuffer.prototype.detached is an
ArrayBuffer.prototype.maxByteLength is an
ArrayBuffer.prototype.resizable is an
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
The initial value of the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
ArrayBuffer instances inherit properties from the
ArrayBuffer instances whose[[ArrayBufferData]] is
ArrayBuffer instances whose[[ArrayBufferDetachKey]] is set to a value other than
The following are guidelines for ECMAScript programmers working with
We recommend that programs be tested in their deployment environments where possible. The amount of available physical memory differs greatly between hardware devices. Similarly, virtual memory subsystems also differ greatly between hardware devices as well as operating systems. An application that runs without out-of-memory errors on a 64-bit desktop web browser could run out of memory on a 32-bit mobile web browser.
When choosing a value for the
Please note that successfully constructing a
The following are guidelines for ECMAScript implementers implementing
If a
If a
Afixed-length SharedArrayBuffer is a SharedArrayBuffer whose byte length cannot change after creation.
Agrowable SharedArrayBuffer is a SharedArrayBuffer whose byte length may increase after creation via calls to
The kind of SharedArrayBuffer object that is created depends on the arguments passed to
The abstract operation AllocateSharedArrayBuffer takes argumentsconstructor (a
The abstract operation IsSharedArrayBuffer takes argumentobj (an ArrayBuffer or a SharedArrayBuffer) and returns a Boolean. It tests whether an object is an ArrayBuffer, a SharedArrayBuffer, or a subtype of either. It performs the following steps when called:
The
The implementation of HostGrowSharedArrayBuffer must conform to the following requirements:
SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.grow are not "lost", i.e. silently do nothing.The second requirement above is intentionally vague about how or when the current byte length ofbuffer is read. Because the byte length must be updated via an atomic read-modify-write operation on the underlying hardware, architectures that use load-link/store-conditional or load-exclusive/store-exclusive instruction pairs may wish to keep the paired instructions close in the instruction stream. As such, SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.grow itself does not perform bounds checking onnewByteLength before calling HostGrowSharedArrayBuffer, nor is there a requirement on when the current byte length is read.
This is in contrast with
The default implementation of HostGrowSharedArrayBuffer is to return
The SharedArrayBuffer
extends clause of a class definition. Subclasssuper call to the SharedArrayBufferSharedArrayBuffer.prototype built-in methods.Whenever a
Unlike anArrayBuffer, aSharedArrayBuffer cannot become detached, and its internal[[ArrayBufferData]] slot is never
This function performs the following steps when called:
The SharedArrayBuffer
The initial value ofSharedArrayBuffer.prototype is the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
SharedArrayBuffer[%Symbol.species%] is an
The value of the
TheSharedArrayBuffer prototype object:
SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.byteLength is an
The initial value ofSharedArrayBuffer.prototype.constructor is
This method performs the following steps when called:
Spurious failures of the compare-exchange to update the length are prohibited. If the bounds checking for the new length passes and the implementation is not out of memory, a
Parallel calls to SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.grow are totally ordered. For example, consider two racing calls:sab.grow(10) andsab.grow(20). One of the two calls is guaranteed to win the race. The call tosab.grow(10) will never shrinksab even ifsab.grow(20) happened first; in that case it will instead throw a RangeError.
SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.growable is an
SharedArrayBuffer.prototype.maxByteLength is an
This method performs the following steps when called:
The initial value of the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
SharedArrayBuffer instances inherit properties from the
SharedArrayBuffer instances, unlike ArrayBuffer instances, are never detached.
The following are guidelines for ECMAScript programmers working with
We recommend that programs be tested in their deployment environments where possible. The amount of available physical memory differ greatly between hardware devices. Similarly, virtual memory subsystems also differ greatly between hardware devices as well as operating systems. An application that runs without out-of-memory errors on a 64-bit desktop web browser could run out of memory on a 32-bit mobile web browser.
When choosing a value for the
Please note that successfully constructing a
Not all loads of au8[idx], are not synchronizing. In general, in the absence of explicit synchronization, one property access being in-bound does not imply a subsequent property access in the samelength andbyteLength getters on SharedArrayBuffer,
The following are guidelines for ECMAScript implementers implementing
We recommend
Because grow operations can happen in parallel with memory accesses on a
Grown memory must appear zeroed from the moment of its creation, including to any racy accesses in parallel. This can be accomplished via zero-filled-on-demand virtual memory pages, or careful synchronization if manually zeroing memory.
In practice it is difficult to implement
ADataView With Buffer Witness Record is a
DataView With Buffer Witness Records have the fields listed in
| Field Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| [[Object]] | a DataView | The DataView object whose buffer's byte length is loaded. |
| [[CachedBufferByteLength]] | a non-negative | The byte length of the object's[[ViewedArrayBuffer]] when the |
The abstract operation MakeDataViewWithBufferWitnessRecord takes argumentsobj (a DataView) andorder (
The abstract operation GetViewByteLength takes argumentviewRecord (a
The abstract operation IsViewOutOfBounds takes argumentviewRecord (a
The abstract operation GetViewValue takes argumentsview (an
The abstract operation SetViewValue takes argumentsview (an
The DataView
extends clause of a class definition. Subclasssuper call to the DataViewDataView.prototype built-in methods.This function performs the following steps when called:
The DataView
The initial value ofDataView.prototype is the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
TheDataView prototype object:
DataView.prototype.buffer is an
DataView.prototype.byteLength is an
DataView.prototype.byteOffset is an
The initial value ofDataView.prototype.constructor is
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
This method performs the following steps when called:
The initial value of the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
DataView instances are
The value of the[[DataView]] internal slot is not used within this specification. The simple presence of that internal slot is used within the specification to identify objects created using the DataView
The Atomics object:
new operator.The Atomics object provides functions that operate indivisibly (atomically) on shared memory array cells as well as functions that let
For informative guidelines for programming and implementing shared memory in ECMAScript, please see the notes at the end of the
AWaiter Record is aAtomics.wait orAtomics.waitAsync.
A Waiter Record has fields listed in
| Field Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| [[AgentSignifier]] | an | TheAtomics.wait orAtomics.waitAsync. |
| [[PromiseCapability]] | a | If denoting a call toAtomics.waitAsync, the resulting promise, otherwise |
| [[TimeoutTime]] | a non-negative | The earliest time by which timeout may be triggered; computed using |
| [[Result]] | The return value of the call. |
AWaiterList Record is used to explain waiting and notification ofAtomics.wait,Atomics.waitAsync, andAtomics.notify.
A WaiterList Record has fields listed in
| Field Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| [[Waiters]] | a | The calls toAtomics.wait orAtomics.waitAsync that are waiting on the location with which this WaiterList is associated. |
| [[MostRecentLeaveEvent]] | a | The event of the most recent leaving of its |
There can be multiple
The
Each WaiterList Record has acritical section that controls exclusive access to that WaiterList Record during evaluation. Only a single
The abstract operation ValidateIntegerTypedArray takes argumentstypedArray (an
The abstract operation ValidateAtomicAccess takes argumentstaRecord (a
The abstract operation ValidateAtomicAccessOnIntegerTypedArray takes argumentstypedArray (an
The abstract operation RevalidateAtomicAccess takes argumentstypedArray (a
The abstract operation GetWaiterList takes argumentsblock (a
The abstract operation EnterCriticalSection takes argumentWL (a
EnterCriticalSection hascontention when an
The abstract operation LeaveCriticalSection takes argumentWL (a
The abstract operation AddWaiter takes argumentsWL (a
The abstract operation RemoveWaiter takes argumentsWL (a
The abstract operation RemoveWaiters takes argumentsWL (a
The abstract operation SuspendThisAgent takes argumentsWL (a
Atomics.notify).The abstract operation NotifyWaiter takes argumentsWL (a
The abstract operation EnqueueResolveInAgentJob takes argumentsagentSignifier (an
The abstract operation DoWait takes argumentsmode (
additionalTimeout allows implementations to pad timeouts as necessary, such as for reducing power consumption or coarsening timer resolution to mitigate timing attacks. This value may differ from call to call of DoWait.
The abstract operation EnqueueAtomicsWaitAsyncTimeoutJob takes argumentsWL (a
The abstract operation AtomicCompareExchangeInSharedBlock takes argumentsblock (a
The abstract operation AtomicReadModifyWrite takes argumentstypedArray (an
The abstract operation ByteListBitwiseOp takes argumentsop (&,^, or|),xBytes (a
&, then^, then|.The abstract operation ByteListEqual takes argumentsxBytes (a
This function performs the following steps when called:
This function performs the following steps when called:
&,xBytes,yBytes).This function performs the following steps when called:
This function performs the following steps when called:
This function performs the following steps when called:
This function is an optimization primitive. The intuition is that if the atomic step of an atomic primitive (compareExchange,load,store,add,sub,and,or,xor, orexchange) on a datum of sizen bytes will be performed without theAtomics.isLockFree(n) will return
Atomics.isLockFree(4) always returns
Regardless of the value returned by this function, all atomic operations are guaranteed to be atomic. For example, they will never have a visible operation take place in the middle of the operation (e.g., "tearing").
This function performs the following steps when called:
This function performs the following steps when called:
|,xBytes,yBytes).This function performs the following steps when called:
This function performs the following steps when called:
This function puts the
It performs the following steps when called:
This function returns a Promise that is resolved when the calling
It performs the following steps when called:
This function notifies some
It performs the following steps when called:
This function performs the following steps when called:
^,xBytes,yBytes).The initial value of the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]:
The JSON object:
parse andstringify, that are used to parse and construct JSON texts.new operator.The JSON Data Interchange Format is defined in ECMA-404. The JSON interchange format used in this specification is exactly that described by ECMA-404. Conforming implementations ofJSON.parse andJSON.stringify must support the exact interchange format described in the ECMA-404 specification without any deletions or extensions to the format.
This function parses a JSON text (a JSON-formatted String) and produces an
The optionalreviver parameter is a function that takes two parameters,key andvalue. It can filter and transform the results. It is called with each of thekey/value pairs produced by the parse, and its return value is used instead of the original value. If it returns what it received, the structure is not modified. If it returns
The
The abstract operation ParseJSON takes argumenttext (a String) and returns either a
It is not permitted for a conforming implementation ofJSON.parse to extend the JSON grammars. If an implementation wishes to support a modified or extended JSON interchange format it must do so by defining a different parse function.
Valid JSON text is a subset of the ECMAScript
However, because
In the case where there are duplicate name Strings within an object, lexically preceding values for the same key shall be overwritten.
The abstract operation InternalizeJSONProperty takes argumentsholder (an Object),name (a String), andreviver (a
This algorithm intentionally does not throw an exception if either[[Delete]] or
It performs the following steps when called:
This function returns a String in UTF-16 encoded JSON format representing an
It performs the following steps when called:
The
JSON structures are allowed to be nested to any depth, but they must be acyclic. Ifvalue is or contains a cyclic structure, then this function must throw a
a = [];a[0] = a;my_text =JSON.stringify(a);// This must throw a TypeError.Symbolic primitive values are rendered as follows:
String values are wrapped in QUOTATION MARK (") code units. The code units" and\ are escaped with\ prefixes. Control characters code units are replaced with escape sequences\uHHHH, or with the shorter forms,\b (BACKSPACE),\f (FORM FEED),\n (LINE FEED),\r (CARRIAGE RETURN),\t (CHARACTER TABULATION).
Values that do not have a JSON representation (such as
An object is rendered as U+007B (LEFT CURLY BRACKET) followed by zero or more properties, separated with a U+002C (COMMA), closed with a U+007D (RIGHT CURLY BRACKET). A property is a quoted String representing the
AJSON Serialization Record is a
JSON Serialization Records have the fields listed in
| Field Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| [[ReplacerFunction]] | a | A function that can supply replacement values for object properties (from JSON.stringify'sreplacer parameter). |
| [[PropertyList]] | either a | The names of properties to include when serializing a non-array object (from JSON.stringify'sreplacer parameter). |
| [[Gap]] | a String | The unit of indentation (from JSON.stringify'sspace parameter). |
| [[Stack]] | a | The set of nested objects that are in the process of being serialized. Used to detect cyclic structures. |
| [[Indent]] | a String | The current indentation. |
The abstract operation SerializeJSONProperty takes argumentsstate (a
The abstract operation QuoteJSONString takes argumentvalue (a String) and returns a String. It wrapsvalue in 0x0022 (QUOTATION MARK) code units and escapes certain other code units within it. This operation interpretsvalue as a sequence of UTF-16 encoded code points, as described in
| Code Point | Unicode Character Name | Escape Sequence |
|---|---|---|
| U+0008 | BACKSPACE | \b |
| U+0009 | CHARACTER TABULATION | \t |
| U+000A | LINE FEED (LF) | \n |
| U+000C | FORM FEED (FF) | \f |
| U+000D | CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) | \r |
| U+0022 | QUOTATION MARK | \" |
| U+005C | REVERSE SOLIDUS | \\ |
The abstract operation UnicodeEscape takes argumentC (a code unit) and returns a String. It representsC as a Unicode escape sequence. It performs the following steps when called:
The abstract operation SerializeJSONObject takes argumentsstate (a
The abstract operation SerializeJSONArray takes argumentsstate (a
The representation of arrays includes only the elements in thearray.length (exclusive). Properties whose keys are not
The initial value of the
This property has the attributes {[[Writable]]: