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A Door Into Hindi: Lesson 18

1. Expressing opinions, disagreeing

2. Hopes, fears, beliefs, feelings

3. Past subjunctive / past conditional

4. More postpositions

5. Past participles as adjectives

7. Birth and death

Culture Notes

Quiz

Supplemental Materials

Devanagari Writing System

Digital Dictionaries

Other Resources

18.4	More Postpositions

Learnthese new postpositions:

X से पहले	before X
X के बाद	after X
X के बिना	without X
X के बग़ैर	without X
X के अलावा	besides X
X के बजाए	instead of X
Xके ख़िलाफ़	against X

Mostof these can be used with verbs as well as nouns and pronouns:

सोने से पहले	before sleeping
जाने के बाद	after going
सोचने के बिना	without thinking
मिलने के बग़ैर	without meeting
फ़िल्म देखने के अलावा	besides seeing a film
बाहर खाने के बजाए	instead of eating out

Notealso the following special use ofबिना andबग़ैर with verbs:

तुम्हें देखे बिना मैं नहीं रह सकता।	I can’t live without seeing you.
मुझसे मिले बग़ैर मत जाओ।	Don’t leave without meeting me.

Theseconstructions use the perfect form of the verb in itsoblique form.

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