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Yosefina Bakhita

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Yosefina Bakhita

Amezaliwa1869, Algozney, Darfur, Sudan
Anaheshimiwa naKanisa Katoliki
Feast{{{feast_day}}}

Yosefina Margaret Bakhita,F.D.C.C., (Algozney,Darfur[1]1869 hivi -Schio,Veneto,Italia,8 Februari1947) alikuwamtumwa kutokaDarfur, wakabila laWadaju[2][3] nchiniSudan ambaye kisha kuletwa Italia akawa huru,akabatizwa, akajiunga nashirika laWakanosa, akaishi na kufanya kazi huko kwa miaka 45[4].

Papa Yohane Paulo II alimtangazamwenye heri tarehe17 Mei1992 namtakatifu tarehe1 Oktoba2000.

Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa katika tarehe yakifo chake[5].

Maisha

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Katikafamilia yake aliishi kwafuraha[6] pamoja nandugu zake sita (watatuwa kiume na watatuwa kike) hadi alipotekwa naWaarabu waliofanyabiashara ya utumwa akiwa naumri wa miaka 7/9, mnamoFebruari1877, kama ilivyomtokeadada yake miaka miwili ya nyuma.

Baada ya kulazimishwa kusafiri miguu mitupukilometer 960 (mi 600) hadiEl Obeid; njiani aliuzwa na kununuliwa mara mbili tayari. Katika miaka 12 iliyofuata (1877–1889) aliuzwa tena mara tatu.

Inasemekana kwambauchungu wa matukio hayo ulimfanya asahaujina lake, akaanza kutumia lile alilopewa na mabwana wake,Bakhita, kwaKiarabuMwenyebahati.[7][8]

Piaalisilimishwa.[9]

Huko El Obeid, Bakhita alinunuliwa na Mwarabutajiri sana aliyemtumia kuhudumia mabinti wake wawili waliompenda na kumtendea vema. Lakinikaka yao alimpiga kikatili hivi kwamba alishinda kusimama tena zaidi ya mwezi mzima.

Baadaye alinunuliwa najeneraliMturuki ili kuhudumiamama mkwe namke wake ambao wote walikuwa wakatili kwa watumwa. Bakhita alisema: "Katika miaka mitatu niliyokaa katika nyumba hiyo, sikumbuki siku iliyopita bila majeraha ya viboko. Jeraha lilipotaka kupona, viboko vingine vilinipata.[10]

Pia alisema kuwa kumbukumbu ya kutisha zaidi ya wakati ule ni ile ya kuchanjwa (kama watumwa wengine) kwa ukatili mkubwa kifuani, tumboni na mkononi.[11][12][13]

Mwishoni mwa mwaka1882, El Obeid ilitaka kushambuliwa wa askari waDola la Mahdi,[14] hivyo jenerali aliuza watumwa wake wote isipokuwa 10 aliokwenda kuwauzaKhartoum.

Huko mwaka1883 Bakhita alinunuliwa nabalozi mdogo wa Italia, Callisto Legnani, aliyekuwa mwema sana, hivyo hatimaye Bakhita aliweza kutulia.

Karibu miaka miwili baadaye, Legnani alipotakiwa kurudi Italia, Bakhita alimuomba aende naye. Mwishoni mwa mwaka1884 walifaulu kukimbia Khartoum iliyozingirwa wakiwa na rafiki yao, Augusto Michieli. Kisha kusafiri katika hatari kubwa kilometa 650 (maili 400) wamepandangamia hadiSuakin,bandari kuu ya Sudan.

Mnamo Machi1885 waliondoka Suakin wakafikia bandari yaGenova, Italia mnamo Aprili. Huko Callisto Legnani alimtoa Bakhita kwa Turina Michieli, mke wa Augusto, kama "zawadi".

Mabwana wapya wa Bakhita walikwenda naye Zianigo, karibuMirano Veneto, kilometa 25 (maili 16)magharibi kwaVenice.[11] Huko aliishi miaka mitatu akawayaya wa Alice Michieli, ambaye aliitwa piaMimmina, na aliyezaliwa mnamo Februari1886.

Wongofu na uhuru

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Tarehe29 Novemba1888, Turina Michieli aliwaacha Bakhita na Alice kwamasista Wakanosa huko Venice ili amfuatemumewe Sudan. Aliporudi kuwachukua aende nao Suakin, Bakhita alikataa katakata, ingawa bibi Turina alimshinikiza siku tatu mfululizo.

Kesi ilipopelekwamahakamani, tarehe 29 November1889 uamuzi ukawa kwamba Bakhita hajawahi kuwa mtumwa kisheria, kwa sababu huko Sudan utumwa ulikatazwa kabla hajazaliwa, tena Italia hakuna kabisa.

Hivyo kwa mara ya kwanza Bakhita alijikuta ana maamuzi yote juu ya maisha yake. Akachagua kubaki na Wakanosa.[15]

Tarehe9 Januari1890 Bakhita alibatizwa kwa jina la Yosefina MargaretFortunata (ndiyo tafsiri yaBakhita). Siku hiyohiyo alipatakipaimara na kupokeaekaristi kwa mikono yakardinali Giuseppe Sarto, ambaye baadaye akawaPapa Pius X akatangazwamtakatifu.[16]

Tarehe7 Desemba1893 Bakhita aliingiaunovisi na tarehe8 Desemba1896 aliwekanadhiri zake.

Mwaka1902 alipangwa kwenyekonventi yaSchio,Vicenza, alipoishi miaka yote hadi kifo chake, isipokuwa miaka1935-1939 alipoishiVimercate (Milan pamoja na kutembelea jumuia nyingine za Wakanosa ili kutimiza agizo la kushirikisha mang'amuzi yake na kuandaa masista vijana kwendaAfrika kamawamisionari.[16] Inasemekana "akili yake ilikuwa daima kwa Mungu, na moyo wake huko Afrika".[17]

Huko Schio, Bakhita alifanya kazi kamampishi,mtunzasakristia nabawabu. Hasa katika kazi hiyo alikuja kujulikana na wenyeji kwaupole,utulivu natabasamu yake.Kitabu cha kwanza juu yake (Storia Meravigliosa, kazi ya Ida Zanolini) mwaka1931 kilimfanya ajulikane na wengi nchini kote.[2][18]

Wakati waVita vikuu vya pili (19391945) wakazi wa Schio walitegemea ulinzi wake, na kweli mabomu mengi yaliyorushwa kijijini hayakuua mtu yeyote.

Miaka ya mwisho alisumbuliwa na maradhi na maumivu mengi, akitumia baiskeli ya magurudumu matatu, lakini hakupotewa na tabasamu yake. Alipoulizwa anajisikiaje, jibu lilikuwa, "Bwana anavyotaka".

Saa za mwisho akili yake ilirudia mateso ya utumwani akalia, "Minyororo inanibana mno, muilegeze kidogo, tafadhali!". Alipozinduka, aliulizwa: "U hali gani? Leo niJumamosi". "Ndiyo, nina furaha iliyoje: Bibi yetu... Bibi yetu!". Ndiyo maneno yake ya mwisho.[19]

Bakhita alifariki saa 2:10usiku tarehe 8 February 1947. Siku tatu mfululizo watu waliandamana kuheshimu masalia yake kabla hajazikwa.

Ujumbe

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Alipoulizwa namwanafunzi: "Kama ungekutana na waliokuteka, ungefanya nini?", akajibu bila kusita: "Kama ningekutana na walioniteka, na hata walionitesa, ningepiga magoti na kubusu mikono yao. Kwa sababu, kama mambo hayo yasingetokea, leo singekuwa Mkristo wala mtawa."[20][21][9][22]

Papa Benedikto XVI, mwanzoni mwa hati "Spe Salvi" ("Tumeokolewa katika tumaini") ya tarehe30 Novemba2007, alisimulia kifupi maisha yake kama kielelezo chatumaini la Kikristo.[23]

Tazama pia

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Tanbihi

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  1. Dagnino, p.10. The map of Sudan here shows the village ofOlgossa (Algozney in the Daju tongue)slightly west of the 3,042 m (9,980 feet)Jebel Marrah and of the 785 mJebel Agilerei.Though on p. 37 she seems to place Olgossa about 40 km north-east of Nyala.
  2. 12Davis, Cyprian (1986)."Black Catholic Theology: A Historical Perspective",Theological Studies61 (2000), pp. 656–671.
  3. Dagnino, pp. 23-25.
  4. https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40025
  5. Martyrologium Romanum
  6. "I lived a very happy and carefree life, without knowing what suffering".Bakhita in Dagnino, p. 37
  7. O'Malley, p. 32.
  8. Dagnino, pp. 29-32. Kila mtumwa alikuwa anapewa jina jipya, ingawa mwenyewe hakusimulia hilo.
  9. 12Hutchison, p. 7
  10. Bakhita in Dagnino, p. 49.
  11. 12Burns and Butler, p. 53.
  12. As her mistress was watching her with a whip in her hand, a dish of white flour, a dish of salt and a razor were brought by a woman. She used the flour to draw patterns on her skin and then she cut deeply along the lines before filling the wounds with salt to ensure permanent scarring. A total of 114 intricate patterns were cut into her breasts, belly, and into her right arm. Dagnino, pp. 52-53
  13. African Online News, 2000 October 14
  14. Mahdist Revolution (1881-1898), was an Islamic revolt against the Ottoman-Egyptian rule of Sudan, begun by Islamic fundamentalist clericMuhammad Ahmad.El Obeid fell on 19 January 1883,Khartoum on 26 January 1885.TheMahdi Ahmad himself died on 1885 June 22.
  15. O'Malley, pp. 33-34.
  16. 12Burns and Butler, p. 54.
  17. Dagnino, p. 99
  18. O'Malley, p. 34.
  19. Dagnino, p. 104
  20. Dagnino, p. 113.
  21. African Online News.
  22. On 10 February 1993, facing all risks, surrounded by an immense crowd in the huge Green Square of the capital of Sudan, Pope John Paul II solemnly honoured Bakhita on her own soil."Rejoice, all of Africa! Bakhita has come back to you. The daughter of Sudan sold into slavery as a living piece of merchandise and yet still free. Free with the freedom of the saints."John Paul II,Homily at the Eucharistic Concelebration in honour of Josephine Bakhita, Khartoum, 10 February 1993.
  23. Benedict XVI,Encyclical "Spe salvi", November 30, 2007

Marejeo ya Kiswahili

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  • Pd. Leandry Kimario,O.F.M.Cap. - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 40-42

Marejeo ya lugha nyingine

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Bakhita: From Slave to Saint(2009)

Viungo vya nje

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Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
Makala hii bado nimbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Mkristo huyu, kama wasifu wake, habari za maisha au kazi yake?
Je, unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuiongezea habari.
Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yosefina_Bakhita&oldid=1423131"
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