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Ukristo katika karne za kwanza

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Uenezi wa Ukristo hadi mwaka 325 Uenezi wa Ukristo hadi mwaka 600

Ukristo
Sehemu ya mfululizo kuhusu

Yesu Yesu katika Ukristo Yesu kuzaliwa na Bikira Utume wa Yesu Kifo Ufufuko Kristo
Biblia ya Kikristo Historia ya wokovu Kanuni ya Biblia Agano la Kale Agano Jipya Injili
Teolojia Mungu Baba Mwana Roho Mtakatifu Utatu Mtakatifu Kanisa Katoliki Ufunuo Mapokeo ya Mitume Kanuni ya Imani Historia ya teolojia Umisionari Utetezi wa Ukristo Kifodini Wokovu Sakramenti Ubatizo Kipaimara Ekaristi Kitubio Mpako wa wagonjwa Daraja takatifu Ndoa
Historia ya Kanisa Bikira Maria Mitume wa Yesu Mtume Petro Mtume Paulo Mababu wa Kanisa Walimu wa Kanisa Papa Ukristo katika karne za kwanza Umonaki Konstantino Mkuu Mitaguso ya kiekumene Agostino wa Hippo Farakano la mwaka 1054 Vita vya msalaba Fransisko wa Asizi Dominiko Guzman Thoma wa Akwino Martin Luther Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti Urekebisho wa Kikatoliki Wajesuiti Upietisti Ekumeni
Mada nyingine Liturujia Mwaka wa Kanisa Muziki wa Kikristo Sala Sanaa ya Kikristo Ukristo na dini nyingine
Madhehebu Mashariki Waasiria Wakatoliki wa Mashariki Waorthodoksi Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki Magharibi Waadventisti Waanabaptisti Waanglikana Wabaptisti Wakalvini Wakatoliki Wakatoliki wa Kale Walutheri Wamethodisti Wamoraviani Wapentekoste Waprotestanti Wasiosadiki Utatu Mashahidi wa Yehova Wamormoni
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Ukristo katika karne za kwanza ni sehemu yahistoria ya Kanisa hadimwaka 325 BK, ulipofanyikamtaguso mkuu wa kwanza huko Nisea, leo nchiniUturuki.

Kwa kawaidakarne hizotatu zinagawiwa pandembili: wakati waMitume wa Yesu (hadi mwaka100 hivi) na baada yakifo chao wote.

Wakati wa Mitume

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Habari kuu za kipindi cha kwanza, kama ile yasiku yaPentekoste Roho Mtakatifu kuwashukia wafuasi waYesu, zinapatikana hasa katikaMatendo ya Mitume,kitabu kilichoandikwa namwinjili Luka kwenyemiaka ya 80. Humo unasimuliwa hasauenezi waUkristo katika maeneo ya upande wakaskazini waBahari ya Kati.

Tukio lingine muhimu linalosimuliwa na Luka niuongofu waMtume Paulo, mwenezi mkuu wa Ukristo namfafanuzi bora waimani hiyo mpya.^[1]

Pamoja na uenezi, linajitokeza badiliko kubwa laWakristo: awali walikuwa woteWayahudi ama kwa kuzaliwa ama kwa kuongoka,^[2] nao wanaitwaWakristo wa Kiyahudi. Lakini katikakarne ya 1 tayariidadi yao ilizidiwa na ile ya Wakristo wamataifa mengine.

Sambamba na hilolugha ya kimataifa yaKigiriki ilizidi kutumika badala yaKiaramu,lugha mama ya Yesu na mitume wake.^[3] Ndiyo sababuAgano Jipya limeandikwa lote kwa Kigiriki. Vitabu 27 vinavyoliunda vilianza kulinganishwa na vile vyaAgano la Kale kama vitakatifu.

TenaYerusalemu, uliokuwamji mkuu waWayahudi na waWakristo wa kwanza, ulizidi kukosa umuhimu, hasa baada yaMtume Petro na wenzake kuuhama au kuuawa. Wakati wavita vya kwanza vya Kiyahudi hata waumini wa kawaida walihama, na waliporudi hakukuwa tena nahekalu, kwa kuwa lilibomolewa mwaka70. Mbali ya hayo, uhusiano na Wayahudi ulizidi kuharibika, na hatimaye Wakristo walikatazwa wasishiriki tena ibadasinagogini.

Jumuia yaRoma,makao makuu yadola, ilizidi kuwa muhimu, hasa baada ya kufikiwa na Petro na Paulo, ambao walimalizia hukokazi yao kwakufia dini katikadhuluma ambayo ilianzishwa naKaisari Nero mwaka64 na kuendelea kwakwikwi hadi mwaka313.

Wakati wa watetezi wa imani

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Bila kujalidhuluma hiyo ya nyingine, Ukristo ulizidi kuenea ndani na nje yaDola la Roma.

Ushujaa waumati wawafiadini naupendo kati ya Wakristo vinafikiriwa kuwa sababu kuu ya uenezi. Kutoka kwenyemiji, imani ilizidi kueneavijijini pia.

Pamoja na hayo, walianza kujitokezawaandishi mbalimbalikutetea Kanisa mbele yaserikali, na wengine kuchambuaimani dhidi yauzushi uliozidi kupata nguvu hasa kwa namna yaGnosis. Waandishi hao ni kati ya wale wanaoitwa mababu wa Kanisa au walau waandishi wa Kikanisa.

Wakati huohuo matumizi ya vitabu vya Agano Jipya katika ibada yalizidi kujadiliwa na kutungiwaorodha rasmi (Kanuni ya Biblia).

Tanbihi

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↑Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church ed. F.L. Lucas (Oxford) entry on Paul
↑Catholic Encyclopedia: Proselyte: "The English term "proselyte" occurs only in the New Testament where it signifies a convert to the Jewish religion (Matthew 23:15; Acts 2:11; Acts 6:5; etc.), though the same Greek word is commonly used in theSeptuagint to designate a foreign sojourner in Palestine. Thus the term seems to have passed from an original local and chiefly political sense, in which it was used as early as 300 B.C., to a technical and religious meaning in the Judaism of theNew Testament epoch."
↑Ehrman, Bart D. (2012).Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth. HarperCollins, pp 87- 90.

Marejeo

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Vidmar, John (2005).The Catholic Church Through the Ages: A History (kwa Kiingereza) (tol. la Illustrated, annotated).Paulist Press.ISBN 978-0-8091-4234-7.
Bond, Helen K. (2012).The Historical Jesus: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic.ISBN 978-0-567-12510-1.
Chadwick, Henry (1993).The Early Church. The Penguin History of the Church. Juz. la 1 (tol. la revised). Penguin Books.ISBN 978-0-14-023199-1.
Dunn, James D.G.Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, AD 70 to 135. pp 33–34. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999).ISBN 978-0-8028-4498-9.
Fredriksen, Paula (1999).Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews: A Jewish Life and the Emergence of Christianity. Vintage Books.ISBN 978-0-679-76746-6.
Freeman, Charles (2011).A New History of Early Christianity. Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0-300-17083-2.
González, Justo L. (1987).A History of Christian Thought. Juz. la 1: From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon (tol. la revised). Abingdon Press.ISBN 978-0-687-17182-8.
González, Justo L. (2010).The Story of Christianity. Juz. la 1 The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation (tol. la revised and updated). HarperCollins.ISBN 978-0-06-185588-7.
Hopkins, Keith (1998). "Christian Number and Its Implications".Journal of Early Christian Studies.6 (2).Johns Hopkins University Press: 185–226.doi:10.1353/earl.1998.0035.ISSN 1086-3184.S2CID 170769034.Kigezo:Project MUSE.
Klutz, Todd (2000). "Paul and the Development of Gentile Christianity". KatikaEsler, Philip F. (mhr.).The Early Christian World. Routledge Worlds. Routledge. ku. 178–190.ISBN 978-1-032-19934-4.
MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2010).Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years. Penguin Books.ISBN 978-1-101-18999-3.
Marcus, Joel (2006). "Jewish Christianity". KatikaMitchell, Margaret M.;Young, Frances M. (whr.).The Cambridge History of Christianity. Juz. la 1: Origins to Constantine. Cambridge University Press. ku. 87–102.doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521812399.ISBN 978-1-139-05483-6.
McGrath, Alister (2013).Christian History: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.ISBN 978-1-118-33780-6.
Mitchell, Margaret M. (2006). "Gentile Christianity". Katika Mitchell, Margaret M.;Young, Frances M. (whr.).The Cambridge History of Christianity. Juz. la 1: Origins to Constantine. Cambridge University Press. ku. 103–124.doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521812399.ISBN 978-1-139-05483-6.
Schnelle, Udo (2020).The First One Hundred Years of Christianity: An Introduction to Its History, Literature, and Development. Ilitafsiriwa na Thompson, James W. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic.ISBN 978-1-4934-2242-5.
Seifrid, Mark A. (1992).Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme.Novum Testamentum, Supplements.Leiden:Brill Publishers.ISBN 978-90-04-09521-2.ISSN 0167-9732.
Wilken, Robert Louis (2012).The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0-300-11884-1.

Marejeo mengine

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Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan (1975).The Christian Tradition: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.ISBN 978-0-226-65371-6.
Stark, Rodney (1997).The Rise of Christianity. New York: HarperCollins.ISBN 978-0-06-067701-5.
Taylor, Joan E. (1993).Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian Origins. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-814785-5.
Thiede, Carsten Peter (2003).The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Jewish Origins of Christianity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN 978-1-4039-6143-3.

Viungo vya nje

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Early Christian Sources English translations of the surviving writings of the early Christians.
Early Christians (archived 1 September 2014)
PBS Frontline: The First Christians
First Christians and Rome
Cave in Jordan Said to Have Been Used by Early Christians Biblical Archaeology Review (archived 7 January 2010)

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