Ubelgiji(kwaKiholanzi België, kwaKifaransa Belgique na kwaKijerumani Belgien ), rasmi kamaUfalme wa Ubelgiji, ni nchi katikaUlaya ya Magharibi, inayopakana naUholanzi kaskazini,Ujerumani mashariki,Luxembourg kusini-mashariki,Ufaransa kusini, na Bahari ya Kaskazini magharibi. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 11.7, ikiwa ya 81 duniani. Jiji lake kubwa zaidi niBrussels, ambalo pia ni mji mkuu. Ubelgiji imegawanyika katika majimbo 3—Flanders,Wallonia, naBrussels eneo Ubelgiji ina makao makuu yaUmoja wa Ulaya na NATO.
Baada yaMkutano wa Vienna wa mwaka1815 Ubelgiji iliunganishwa pamoja naUholanzi kuwa sehemu ya Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na hapo ilikuwa sehemu yakusini yaufalme huo. Tofauti na sehemu za kaskazini, zilizokuwa naWaprotestanti wengi, mikoa ya Ubelgiji ilikaliwa na Wakatoliki. Tena, wenyeji wa mikoa ya kusini kabisa waliongea Kifaransa, na pia katika sehemu nyingine, ambako watu waliongea Kiholanzi,lugha ya Kifaransa ilikuwa lugha iliyopendwa na matabaka ya juu na wasomi.
Tofauti hizo za kiutamaduni zilichangia kati ya watu wa kusinihisia ya kubaguliwa na katikamapinduzi ya 1830 mikoa yao ilijitenga na Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na kuanzisha ufalme mpya wa Ubelgiji.
↑Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ (18 Januari 2007)."Belgique • België • Belgien—Région de Bruxelles-Capitale • Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest".L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (kwa French). Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ),Université Laval, Quebec. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 9 Juni 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo18 Juni 2007.C'est une région officiellement bilingue formant au centre du pays une enclave dans la province du Brabant flamand (Vlaams Brabant){{cite web}}:Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) *"About Belgium". Belgian Federal Public Service (ministry) / Embassy of Belgium in the Republic of Korea. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 2008-10-02. Iliwekwa mnamo21 Juni 2007.the Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave of 162km2 within the Flemish region.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) *"Flanders (administrative region)".Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft. 2007. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 2009-10-31. Iliwekwa mnamo21 Juni 2007.The capital of Belgium, Brussels, is an enclave within Flanders.{{cite web}}:Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help);Unknown parameter|https://www.webcitation.org/5kwPxLurr?url= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) *Van de Walle, Steven, lecturer at University of Birmingham Institute of Local Government Studies, School of Public Policy."Language Facilities in the Brussels Periphery".KULeuven—Leuvens Universitair Dienstencentrum voor Informatica en Telematica. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo(PDF) mnamo 2009-10-31. Iliwekwa mnamo21 Juni 2007.Brussels is a kind of enclave within Flanders—it has no direct link with Wallonia.{{cite web}}:|author= has generic name (help);External link in|author= (help);Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑"The German-speaking Community". The German-speaking Community. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 30 Mei 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo5 Mei 2007.{{cite web}}:Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) The (original)version in German language (already) mentions 73,000 instead of 71,500 inhabitants.
↑Petermann, Simon, Professor at the University of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium—at colloquiumIXe Sommet de la francophonie—Initiatives 2001—Ethique et nouvelles technologies, session 6 Cultures et langues, la place des minorités,Bayreuth (25 Septemba 2001)."Langues majoritaires, langues minoritaires, dialectes et NTIC" (kwa French). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 2013-11-02. Iliwekwa mnamo4 Mei 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
"Country Portal – Europe—Belgium". Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy—Directorate-general Statistics Belgium. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 1 Julai 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo7 Juni 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
"History of Belgium".World History at KMLA. Korean Minjok Leadership Academy (KMLA). 30 Mei 2007. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 6 Julai 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo2 Juni 2007.{{cite web}}:Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ (2006)."Belgique • België • Belgien".L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (kwa French). Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ),Université Laval, Quebec. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 8 Juni 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo2 Juni 2007.{{cite web}}:Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Mnookin, Robert, Professor atHLS; Verbeke, Alain (20 Desemba 2006)."Bye bye Belgium?". International Herald Tribune, republished byHarvard Law School. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutokachanzo mnamo 21 Machi 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo1 Juni 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)—Reflections on nations and nation-state developments regarding Belgium
Vitabu
Arblaster, Paul (23 Desemba 2005).A History of the Low Countries. Palgrave Essential Histories (tol.laHardcover 312pp). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.ISBN1-4039-4827-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Blom, J. C. H., Dutch State Institute for War Documentation, ed.; Lamberts, Emiel, Professor in Modern HistoryKULeuven, ed.; Kennedy, James C., translator (Mei 1999).History of the Low Countries (tol.laHardcover 503pp). Berghahn Books, Oxford/New York.ISBN1-57181-084-6.{{cite book}}:|author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
de Kavanagh Boulger, Demetrius C. (28 Juni 2001) [1902].The History of Belgium: Part 1. Cæsar to Waterloo. Elibron Classics (tol.laPaperback 493pp). Adamant Media (Delaware corporation), Boston, Massachusetts, United States.ISBN1-4021-6714-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Facsimile reprint of a 1902 edition by the author, London Ib. (Juni 2001) [1909].Ib. Part 2. 1815–1865. Waterloo to the Death of LeopoldI. Ib. (tol.laPaperback 462pp). Ib.ISBN1-4021-6713-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Facsimile reprint of a 1909 edition by the author, London
Fitzmaurice, John (1996).The Politics of Belgium: A Unique Federalism. Nations of the modern world (tol.laPaperback 284pp). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.ISBN0-8133-2386-X.OCLC30112536.
Kossmann-Putto, Johanna A.;Kossmann Ernst H.; Deleu Jozef H. M., ed.; Fenoulhet Jane, translator (from: (1987)).De Lage Landen: geschiedenis van de Noordelijke en Zuidelijke Nederlanden. Vlaams-Nederlandse StichtingOns Erfdeel,Rekkem (Januari 1993) [1987].The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands (tol.la3rd Rev. edition Paperback 64pp). Flemish-Netherlands Foundation "Stichting Ons Erfdeel", Rekkem, Belgium.ISBN90-70831-20-1.{{cite book}}:|author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (Several editions in English, incl. (1997) 7th ed.)
Makala hii kuhusu maeneo yaUlaya bado nimbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusuUbelgiji kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.
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