Mapacha aundugu pacha niwatu auwanyama waliozaliwa kwa pamoja kutokatumboni mwamama yao[1]. Kwa binadamu mara nyingi huwa wawili.
Kuna aina kuumbili za mapacha ambao ni wale wanaofanana na wale wasiofanana. Tofauti ni kwamba wa kwanza wametokana nakijiyai kimoja kilichofikiwa nambegu moja, kumbe wa pili wametokana na vijiyai viwili vilivyofikiwa na mbegu mbili. Hivyo wa kwanza wanajinsia ileile na kwa kawaida kabisaDNA ileile, kumbe wa pili DNA zao ni tofauti, ila zinafanana kiasi kama zile zandugu wote wenyebaba mmoja namama mmoja[2].
Kimataifa aina ya kwanza inatokea mara 3 katikaujauzito wawanawake 1,000[3].
Bacon, Kate.Twins in Society: Parents, Bodies, Space, and Talk (Palgrave Macmillan; 2010) 221 pages; explores the experience of child twins, adult twins, and parents of twins, with a focus on Britain.
Wenk RE, Houtz T, Brooks M, Chiafari FA (1992). "How frequent is heteropaternal superfecundation?".Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae.41 (1): 43–7.PMID1488855.
Girela, Eloy; Lorente, Jose A.; Alvarez, J. Carlos; Rodrigo, Maria D.; Lorente, Miguel; na wenz. (1997). "Indisputable double paternity in dizygous twins".Fertility and Sterility.67 (6): 1159–61.doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81456-2.PMID9176461.
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2009 May 15;151C(2):136-41. Not really identical: epigenetic differences in monozygotic twins and implications for twin studies in psychiatry. Haque FN, Gottesman II, Wong AH.
Makala hii kuhusu mambo yabiolojia bado nimbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusuMapacha kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.
