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Kifafa

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Kifafa (kwaKiingerezaEpilepsyis, kutokakitenzi chaKigiriki ἐεπιλαμβάνειν, eepilambanein,kuteka aukutesa[1]) nikundi lamaradhi ya neva yanayofanana kwadalili za matukio yakupatwa,[2] ambayo yanaweza kudumumuda mfupi sana karibu bila kugundulika hadi muda mrefu wa kutikisika kwa nguvumwili mzima.[3] Matukio hayo yanaelekea kurudiarudia bila sababu inayoeleweka kwa kila tukio[2] wakati matukio ya namna hiyo yenye sababu inayoeleweka si ya kifafa kweli.

Visababishi

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Sababu ya kesi nyingi haijulikani, ingawa baadhi ya watu wanapatwa na kifafa kutokana najeraha la ubongo,kiharusi,saratani ya ubongo na matumizi mabaya yadawa.Mabadiliko ya DNA yanahusiana moja kwa moja naasilimia ndogo za kesi zote.[4]

Matukio ya kifafa yanatokana nautendaji mkubwa mno waneva zaubongo.[5]

Ili kusema ni kifafa,daktari anapaswa kwanza kutambua hakuna sababu zinazoeleweka za dalili kama hizo, kwa mfano kuzimia.[4] Mara nyingi kifafa kinaweza kuthibitishwa naelectroencephalogram (EEG).[4]

Tiba

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Katika 70% za matukio inawezekana kuyadhibiti.[6] Isipowezekana tiba, pengineupasuaji,uchocheaji wa neva na mabadiliko ya ulaji vinatumika. Si kila mara kifafa kinadumumaisha yote: kuna watu wanaopatanafuu kiasi cha kutohitaji tena dawa.

Uenezi

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Karibu 1% ya watu wote duniani (milioni 65) wana kifafa,[7] na karibu 80% za kesi zinatokea katikanchi zinazoendelea.[3]

Mwaka2013 vilitokeavifo 116,000, ambavyo ni vingi kuliko vile 112,000 vya mwaka1990.[8]

Kifafa kinazidi kutokea kadiri watu wanavyokua.[9][10][11][12]

Tazama pia

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Tanbihi

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  1. ↑Magiorkinis E, Kalliopi S, Diamantis A (Januari 2010). "Hallmarks in the history of epilepsy: epilepsy in antiquity".Epilepsy & behavior : E&B.17 (1): 103–108.doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.10.023.PMID 19963440.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 12Chang BS, Lowenstein DH (2003)."Epilepsy".N. Engl. J. Med.349 (13): 1257–66.doi:10.1056/NEJMra022308.PMID 14507951.
  3. 12"Epilepsy". Fact Sheets.World Health Organization. Oktoba 2012. Iliwekwa mnamoJanuari 24, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. 123Longo, Dan L (2012). "369 Seizures and Epilepsy".Harrison's principles of internal medicine (tol. la 18th). McGraw-Hill. uk. 3258.ISBN 978-0-07-174887-2.
  5. ↑Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J (2005)."Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)".Epilepsia.46 (4): 470–2.doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x.PMID 15816939.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑Eadie, MJ (Desemba 2012). "Shortcomings in the current treatment of epilepsy".Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.12 (12): 1419–27.doi:10.1586/ern.12.129.PMID 23237349.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑Thurman, DJ; Beghi, E; Begley, CE; Berg, AT; Buchhalter, JR; Ding, D; Hesdorffer, DC; Hauser, WA; Kazis, L; Kobau, R; Kroner, B; Labiner, D; Liow, K; Logroscino, G; Medina, MT; Newton, CR; Parko, K; Paschal, A; Preux, PM; Sander, JW; Selassie, A; Theodore, W; Tomson, T; Wiebe, S; ILAE Commission on, Epidemiology (Septemba 2011). "Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy".Epilepsia. 52 Suppl 7: 2–26.doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x.PMID 21899536.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 Desemba 2014)."Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013".Lancet.385 (9963): 117–71.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.PMC 4340604.PMID 25530442.{{cite journal}}:|first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑Brodie, MJ; Elder, AT; Kwan, P (Novemba 2009). "Epilepsy in later life".Lancet neurology.8 (11): 1019–30.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70240-6.PMID 19800848.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. ↑Holmes, Thomas R. Browne, Gregory L. (2008).Handbook of epilepsy (tol. la 4th). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. uk. 7.ISBN 978-0-7817-7397-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑Wyllie's treatment of epilepsy : principles and practice (tol. la 5th). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.ISBN 978-1-58255-937-7.
  12. ↑Berg, AT (2008). "Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure".Epilepsia. 49 Suppl 1: 13–8.doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x.PMID 18184149.

Marejeo

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  • World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Programme for Neurological Diseases and Neuroscience; Global Campaign against Epilepsy; International League against Epilepsy (2005).Atlas, epilepsy care in the world, 2005(pdf). Geneva: Programme for Neurological Diseases and Neuroscience, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization.ISBN 92-4-156303-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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