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Fonetiki

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru

Fonetiki (kutokaKiingereza "Phonetics") nitawi lasayansi yaisimu. Inashughulikiauchunguzi wasauti zalugha zabinadamu, pamoja na utamkaji na usikiaji wake. Kwa ujumla, fonetiki ni tawi la isimu linalochunguza jinsi sauti zinavyozalishwa, zinavyosafirishwa na zinavyomfikia msikilizaji.

Etimolojia yaneno fonetiki imebebadhana mbili: foni na etiki. Foni humaanisha sauti, ilihali etiki ni dhana pana kidogo.

Vitamkwa huandikwa kwa kutumiaalfabeti ya kifonetiki ya kimataifa (aukifupi chajina lake kwaKiingereza,International Phonetic Alphabet).

Fonetiki inagawanyika katika:

fonetiki akustika
fonetiki maabara (au fonetiki majaribio)
fonetiki masikizi
fonetiki matamshi
fonetiki tibamatamshi

Tanbihi

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Marejeo

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Ya Kiswahili

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TUKI 1990, "Kamusi Sanifu ya Isimu na Lugha",Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
Massamba, David 2004, "Kamusi ya Isimu na Falsafa ya Lugha", Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam

Mengineyo

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Abercrombie, D. (1967).Elements of General Phonetics. Edinburgh.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Catford, J. C. (2001).A Practical Introduction to Phonetics (tol. la 2nd). Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-924635-1.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
Halle, Morris (1983)."On Distinctive Features and their articulatory implementation".Natural Language and Linguistic Theory.1 (1): 91–105.{{cite journal}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
International Phonetic Association (1999).Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
Jakobson, Roman; Fant, Gunnar; Halle, Morris (1976).Preliminaries to Speech Analysis: The Distinctive Features and their Correlates. MIT Press.ISBN 0-262-60001-3.
Jones, Daniel (1948). "The London school of phonetics".Zeitschrift für Phonetik.11 (3/4): 127–135.{{cite journal}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help) (Reprinted inJones, W. E.; Laver, J., whr. (1973).Phonetics in Linguistics. Longman. ku. 180–186.)
Kingston, John (2007). "The Phonetics-Phonology Interface". Katika DeLacy, Paul (mhr.).The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-84879-2.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
Ladefoged, Peter (2005).A Course in Phonetics (tol. la 5th). Boston: Thomson/Wadsworth.ISBN 1-413-00688-4.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996).The Sounds of the World’s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
O'Connor, J.D. (1973).Phonetics. Pelican. ku. 16–17.ISBN 978-0140215601.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
O'Grady, William (2005).Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (tol. la 5th). Bedford/St. Martin's.ISBN 0-312-41936-8.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
Stearns, Peter; Adas, Michael; Schwartz, Stuart; Gilbert, Marc Jason (2001).World Civilizations (tol. la 3rd). New York: Longman.ISBN 0-321-04479-7.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)
Trask, R.L. (1996).A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. Abingdon: Routledge.ISBN 0-415-11261-3.{{cite book}}:Invalid|ref=harv (help)

Viungo vya nje

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the Web Site of the Phonetic Sciences Laboratory of the Université de Montréal.Ilihifadhiwa 23 Februari 2009 kwenyeWayback Machine.
The International Society of Phonetic Sciences (ISPhS)
A little encyclopedia of phonetics, Peter Roach. (pdf)
The sounds and sound patterns of language U Penn
Official IPA chart (International Phonetic Association)
Real-time MRI videos of the articulation of speech sounds, from the USC Speech Articulation and kNowledge (SPAN) Group Ilihifadhiwa 2 Aprili 2018 kwenyeWayback Machine.
Extensive collection of phonetics resources on the Web Ilihifadhiwa 25 Agosti 2018 kwenyeWayback Machine. (University of North Carolina)
Phonetics and Phonology Ilihifadhiwa 20 Mei 2010 kwenyeWayback Machine. (University of Osnabrück)
A note on practical phonetic training

Makala hii kuhusu mambo yalugha bado nimbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusuFonetiki kama historia yake, uenezi au maendeleo yake?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwakuihariri na kuongeza habari.

Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fonetiki&oldid=1333515"

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