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2024DeveloperSurvey

1 Developer Profile

What we know about the global community of developers.

1.1Education

Educational attainment

66% of developers have a BA/BS or MA/MS degree despite only 49% of developers learning to code at school.

Which of the following best describes the highest level of formal education that you’ve completed? *
All Respondentsto-doPrimary/elementary school1.9%Secondary school9.5%Some college/uni study w/o ear…12.6%Associate degree2.9%Bachelor’s degree41%Master’s degree25.6%Pro. degree4.9%Something else1.5%
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Responses:60,192(92%)

1.2Learning to code

Learning to code

Online resources are the top choice for developers to learn code according to 82% of responses.

Respondents 18 - 24 years old are most likely to learn code at traditional schools of all the age groups, and consistently so for the last three years.

How do you learn to code? Select all that apply.
All Respondentsto-doOther online resources82.1%Books / Physical media50.3%E-courses or Certification50%School49.1%On the job training45.1%Colleague23.6%Coding Bootcamp10.7%Friend or family member10.6%
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Responses:59,912(91.6%)
Under 18 years oldUnder 18 years oldNo descriptionOther online resources90.4%School32.2%E-courses or Certification37.7%Books / Physical media35.8%Friend or family member19.3%Coding Bootcamp9.6%On the job training7.5%Colleague4.8%18-24 years old18-24 years oldNo descriptionOther online resources85.2%School61.7%E-courses or Certification47.5%Books / Physical media37.7%Friend or family member13.4%Coding Bootcamp12.1%On the job training32.3%Colleague18.1%25-34 years old25-34 years oldNo descriptionOther online resources82%School53.9%E-courses or Certification52.9%Books / Physical media46.4%Friend or family member10.7%Coding Bootcamp11.8%On the job training49.5%Colleague26.4%35-44 years old35-44 years oldNo descriptionOther online resources82.2%School43.3%E-courses or Certification52.3%Books / Physical media58.6%Friend or family member9.2%Coding Bootcamp9.8%On the job training52%Colleague27.5%45-54 years old45-54 years oldNo descriptionOther online resources82.6%School36.5%E-courses or Certification49.7%Books / Physical media68.2%Friend or family member7.1%Coding Bootcamp8.6%On the job training52.7%Colleague25.6%55-64 years old55-64 years oldNo descriptionOther online resources78.6%School35.9%E-courses or Certification49.8%Books / Physical media73.2%Friend or family member5.5%Coding Bootcamp8%On the job training55.8%Colleague22.4%65 years or older65 years or olderNo descriptionOther online resources67.5%School39%E-courses or Certification38.4%Books / Physical media73.9%Friend or family member5%Coding Bootcamp8.3%On the job training48.1%Colleague16.9%

Online resources to learn how to code

Technical documentation (84%) and Stack Overflow (80%) continue to be the top online resources to learn code. 37% of responses indicate AI is helping them learn, too.

What online resources do you use to learn to code? Select all that apply.
All Respondentsto-doTechnical documentation83.9%Stack Overflow80.3%Written Tutorials68.4%Blogs61.4%How-to videos54.2%Video-based E-courses49.9%Online books46.5%Social Media41.2%AI37%Written-based E-courses33.6%Interactive tutorial29.3%Online challenges22.9%Coding sessions22.1%Certification videos14.5%Auditory material8%Games that teach pgrm.6.1%
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Responses:48,822(74.6%)

Technical documentation preferences to learn how to code

API and SDK documents are the documentation source of choice for 90% of developers.

What is the source of the technical documentation you use most often to learn to code? Select all that apply.
All Respondentsto-doAPI document and/or SDK docume…90.3%User guides or README files fo…77.5%Traditional public search engi…71.7%First-party knowledge base37.5%AI-powered search/dev tool30%AI-powered search/dev tool13.4%
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Responses:40,602(62%)

1.3Experience

Years coding

More than 1 in 3 developers that took the survey this year have been coding as long as or longer than Stack Overflow existed. 38% of respondents have been coding for 15 years or more.

Including any education, how many years have you been coding in total?
All Respondentsto-doLess than 1 year0.9%1 to 4 years13.6%5 to 9 years27.1%10 to 14 years20.1%15 to 19 years11.8%20 to 24 years9.2%25 to 29 years6%30 to 34 years4.1%35 to 39 years2.7%40 to 44 years3%45 to 49 years0.9%More than 50 years0.6%
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Responses:59,349(90.7%)

Years coding professionally

1 in 3 developers have been coding professionally for four years or less.

NOT including education, how many years have you coded professionally (as a part of your work)?
All Respondentsto-doLess than 1 year5.5%1 to 4 years27.3%5 to 9 years25.1%10 to 14 years16.6%15 to 19 years9.3%20 to 24 years6.8%25 to 29 years4.5%30 to 34 years2.5%35 to 39 years1.4%40 to 44 years0.7%45 to 49 years0.2%More than 50 years0.1%
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Responses:51,159(78.2%)

Years of professional coding experience by developer type

People managers such as executives and engineering managers are reporting the highest average years of coding this year with more than 15 years of experience, while popular developer roles such as back-end and full-stack developers are reporting 10-11 years experience on average.

NOT including education, how many years have you coded professionally (as a part of your work)?
All Respondentsto-doSenior Executive17.38Manager15.85Dev Advocate15.42Product manager15.29DB admin15.1Edu14.02PM13.93Ent.13.8Designer13.69Research & Dev role12.83Embed12.07Dev Experience12.04SRE11.92Sci.11.71Cloud infra. engineer11.52Sys11.1Back-end10.71DevOps specialist10.6Full-stack10.58Data engineer10.46Marketing or sales pro.9.98Security pro.9.97Hardware9.64Mobile9.44Blockchain8.9Games8.76Academic researcher8.68Data sci. or ML specialist8.31QA8.19Dev, AI8.14Data/Biz8.1Front-end7.92Student2.89
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Responses:51,159(78.2%)

1.4Developer roles

Developer type

Full-stack, back-end, and front-end developers were the top three roles reported by developers for the last three years; however, front-end developers have decreased from 6.6% to 5.6% since last year. This year, more developers identify as students than as front-end employees and we saw a slight increase in developers who have an embedded applications role or are academic researchers.

Which of the following describes your current job, the one you do most of the time? Please select only one.
All Respondentsto-doFull-stack30.7%Back-end16.7%Student8.6%Front-end5.6%Ent.4.2%Mobile3.4%Embed2.7%Manager2.1%Academic researcher2.1%Data engineer1.9%Data sci. or ML specialist1.7%DevOps specialist1.7%Research & Dev role1.6%Senior Executive1.4%Games1.2%Cloud infra. engineer1.1%Sys0.9%Dev, AI0.9%QA0.9%Data/Biz0.9%PM0.7%Edu0.6%Security pro.0.6%Sci.0.6%SRE0.5%Product manager0.5%Blockchain0.4%Dev Experience0.4%Hardware0.3%Designer0.3%DB admin0.3%Dev Advocate0.2%Marketing or sales pro.0.2%
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Responses:58,950(90.1%)

1.5Key territories

Geography

52% of respondents shared their country in this year's survey. The top 10 countries account for 60% of those that were given, and Europe accounts for most of the top-responding countries.

Where do you live?*
Top 10 Countriesto-do🇺🇸 USA18.9%🇩🇪 Germany8.4%🇮🇳 India7.2%🇬🇧 UK5.5%🇺🇦 Ukraine4.6%🇨🇦 Canada3.6%🇫🇷 France3.6%🇵🇱 Poland2.6%🇳🇱 Netherlands2.5%🇧🇷 Brazil2.3%
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Responses:34,554(52.8%)
ResponsePercentageResponses
United States of America18.9%11,027
Germany8.4%4,928
India7.2%4,194
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland5.5%3,214
Ukraine4.6%2,668
Canada3.6%2,097
France3.6%2,094
Poland2.6%1,528
Netherlands2.5%1,441
Brazil2.3%1,363
Italy2.3%1,333
Australia2.1%1,255
Spain1.9%1,112
Sweden1.7%1,010
Russian Federation1.6%920
Switzerland1.5%873
Austria1.4%787
Czech Republic1.2%710
Israel1%600
Turkey0.9%539
Belgium0.9%522
Denmark0.9%502
Portugal0.8%468
Norway0.8%444
Romania0.8%436
Iran, Islamic Republic of...0.7%409
Pakistan0.7%408
China0.7%402
Mexico0.7%397
New Zealand0.7%396
Hungary0.7%395
Greece0.7%389
Finland0.7%382
South Africa0.6%358
Indonesia0.6%351
Argentina0.6%343
Bangladesh0.6%325
Bulgaria0.5%318
Nigeria0.5%304
Viet Nam0.5%293
Japan0.5%286
Ireland0.5%269
Taiwan0.5%268
Egypt0.4%261
Slovakia0.4%246
Serbia0.4%243
Colombia0.4%216
Philippines0.3%196
Croatia0.3%186
Lithuania0.3%181
Kenya0.3%179
Singapore0.3%175
Sri Lanka0.3%163
Malaysia0.3%160
Thailand0.3%146
South Korea0.3%144
Hong Kong (S.A.R.)0.2%142
Slovenia0.2%141
Nepal0.2%139
Chile0.2%133
United Arab Emirates0.2%129
Latvia0.2%127
Estonia0.2%109
Morocco0.2%98
Belarus0.2%94
Georgia0.2%94
Uruguay0.2%94
Kazakhstan0.1%80
Algeria0.1%75
Peru0.1%75
Tunisia0.1%71
Ghana0.1%70
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of...0.1%69
Cyprus0.1%63
Bosnia and Herzegovina0.1%61
Uzbekistan0.1%61
Ethiopia0.1%60
Armenia0.1%58
Saudi Arabia0.1%56
Republic of Korea0.1%55
Costa Rica0.1%54
Ecuador0.1%54
Afghanistan0.1%53
Albania0.1%49
Dominican Republic0.1%46
Lebanon0.1%45
Kyrgyzstan0.1%44
Iraq0.1%43
Guatemala0.1%41
Luxembourg0.1%40
Jordan0.1%39
Paraguay0.1%39
Republic of Moldova0.1%38
Uganda0.1%38
Bolivia0.1%32
Cameroon0.1%30
Iceland0.1%30
Syrian Arab Republic0.1%30
Malta0.1%29
United Republic of Tanzania0.1%28
Azerbaijan0.1%27
Montenegro0.1%27
Zimbabwe0%26
Cuba0%23
Cambodia0%22
Rwanda0%22
Nicaragua0%21
Angola0%20
Myanmar0%19
El Salvador0%18
Kosovo0%18
Panama0%18
Yemen0%17
Honduras0%16
Maldives0%16
Mauritius0%15
Palestine0%15
Qatar0%15
Zambia0%15
Côte d'Ivoire0%14
Madagascar0%14
Andorra0%13
Isle of Man0%13
Malawi0%12
Bahrain0%11
Jamaica0%11
Turkmenistan0%11
Benin0%10
Mongolia0%10
Somalia0%9
Togo0%9
Congo, Republic of the...0%8
Kuwait0%8
Senegal0%8
Trinidad and Tobago0%8
Mozambique0%7
Oman0%7
Sudan0%7
Tajikistan0%7
Barbados0%6
Antigua and Barbuda0%5
Botswana0%5
Cape Verde0%5
Mauritania0%5
Namibia0%5
Suriname0%5
Bahamas0%4
Burkina Faso0%4
Fiji0%4
Gabon0%4
Lao People's Democratic Republic0%4
Liberia0%4
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya0%4
Liechtenstein0%4
Swaziland0%4
Bhutan0%3
Brunei Darussalam0%3
Burundi0%3
Democratic Republic of the Congo0%3
Guyana0%3
Monaco0%3
North Korea0%3
San Marino0%3
Sierra Leone0%3
Belize0%2
Guinea-Bissau0%2
Mali0%2
Central African Republic0%1
Chad0%1
Djibouti0%1
Dominica0%1
Equatorial Guinea0%1
Guinea0%1
Haiti0%1
Lesotho0%1
Micronesia, Federated States of...0%1
Nauru0%1
Niger0%1
Papua New Guinea0%1
Saint Kitts and Nevis0%1
Samoa0%1
Solomon Islands0%1

1.6Demographics

Age

Most developers in the survey this year report being 25 - 34 years old (37%). That number increases for professional developers to 42% and has steadily decreased in the last three years for those learning to code from 17% in 2022 to 12% this year.

What is your age?*
All Respondentsto-doUnder 18 years old3.9%18-24 years old21.4%25-34 years old36.5%35-44 years old22.9%45-54 years old9.6%55-64 years old4%65 years or older1.2%Prefer not to say0.5%
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Responses:64,287(98.2%)
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