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Wookieepedia:Sourcing

This page or section is an official policy onWookieepedia.

It has wide acceptance among editors and is considered a standard that everyone must follow. Please use theConsensus track to propose changes to this policy.

This page in a nutshell

Content on Wookieepedia must beattributed to a reliable source by adding references (citations).

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Wookieepedia'sSourcing policy outlines how and when to use citations—commonly called "references" or "refs"—in articles. AsWookieepedia does not accept original ideas orfanon, all content should be based on reliable sources. TheAttribution policy mandates that all information on the wiki must be attributed to a reliable source.

Any material that is challenged and for which no source is provided may be removed by any editor.

Why sources should be cited

Relevant policy:Wookieepedia:Attribution

To credit a source for providing useful information and to avoid claims ofplagiarism.
To show that your edit is notoriginal research.
To ensure that the content of articles is credible and can beverified by any reader or editor.
To help users find additional reliable information on the topic.
To improve the overall credibility and authoritative character of Wookieepedia.
To reduce the likelihood of editorial disputes, or toresolve any that arise.

When to use references

The infobox, introduction, and article body should be completely referenced, including the "Behind the scenes" section forin-universe articles.

Although so-called "self-sourcing"—for example, citing a claim in the Behind the scenes section about a subject's appearance in aStar Wars film to said film—may seem redundant, fully sourcing an article's text removes any possible uncertainty regarding unsourced claims. Additionally, reference notes serve as navigational anchor points between the article body and the "Notes and references" section, allowing readers to quickly find all instances in an article being referenced to a particular source.
If an entire paragraph can be sourced to only one source, add the reference at the end of the paragraph. However, if there is more than one source, then reference specific sentences as necessary. Finally, if that is not enough, tag individual words as a last resort.
- Avoid repeatedly making separate references for the same information in an article body. For example, if a person's pronouns or rank can only be sourced to^[1], then that reference must be made upon the first mention of the information in the article body, but it can be spared in subsequent mentions where the rest of the sentence uses other references.
- For tables, at a minimum, each table row must be referenced. A cell that spans multiple rows references the information in the preceding cells of those rows.
Do not insert more than one reference per claim unless necessary, such as when makingexceptional claims. If more than one reference is used to cite a claim, list them in ascending order. For example,^[1][4][5], not^[4][1][5].
If something can be attributed to a source that is already referenced in the article, reuse that reference instead of adding a new one, if possible.

Exceptions

The following exceptions apply for referential need:

The infobox name field
The ISBN field in infoboxes: This field is used to populateSpecial:BookSources and should not contain references.
Auto-generated infobox fields: Infobox fields that are automatically generated by the infobox, such as thenext andprev fields for magazines and comics, do not need to be manually added in the article unless the actual value differs from the calculated value, and thus do not need to be referenced. However, this does not apply to infobox values that do not have corresponding fields, such as the chronological eras and dating system values in {{Year}}.
The article introduction: Because all information present in the introduction should also appear in the article body, the introduction should not be referenced. Articles with a body shorter than 165 words, as established by theLayout Guide, do not feature an introduction, meaning that the entire article should be referenced.
Section headings
Images: All files uploaded to Wookieepedia must be properly sourced on the file description page, as mandated by theFiles policy. As such, images and other files used in the article should not be referenced.
Image captions: Image captions should not contain references, with the exception of image captions in the {{Gallery}} template, as mandated by theLayout Guide, or the image captions inIssues andInstallments galleries on real-world media pages per theOut-of-universe Layout Guide.
Opening crawls: The content of the {{OpeningCrawl}} template used in articles onStar Wars media does not need to be referenced after the release of said media.
Excerpts: Verbatim excerpts using the {{ExcerptIU}} template box requires referencing in the attribution line only.
Contents section on media collection articles: As established by the Layout Guide, the Contents section on articles on media that collects otherStar Wars material, such as magazines and comic collections, should list the collected works, and does not need to be referenced.
Appearances: The content of the {{App}} template used in articles onStar Wars media does not need to be referenced after the release of said media.
Credits: With the exception of the theuncreditedcast anduncreditedcrew fields, the content of the {{Credits}} template used in articles onStar Wars media does not need to be referenced after the release of said media. The uncredited cast and crew must be sourced, as their information cannot be sourced directly to the original work.
Website parameter: Thewebsite parameter of the {{Person}} infobox.

How to insert references

Wookieepedia uses the built-in MediaWiki reference handling system.

We recommend you use theSource editor rather thanVisualEditor (VE) while managing references. This guide explains how to manage references using Source editor.

Inserting a reference

On the first usage of a reference, insert the following code:

<refname="Reference name">Reference content</ref>

Replace the placeholders with the appropriate content:

Reference name: When working on long articles or collaborations, users are encouraged to use full titles as reference names to prevent accidental duplicates of a reference, though this is not a requirement. This is not necessary on shorter articles, and abbreviations are acceptable.
Reference content: Replace this with the actual content of your reference.; Reference content should always be defined in the first instance of the reference, even if the MediaWiki reference handler will work when this is not the case.; For rules and guidelines regarding the formatting of reference content, please see below.

Examples:

<refname="TEA">''[[The Essential Atlas]]''</ref>

<refname="Supply Lines">{{TCW|Supply Lines}}</ref>

Reusing a reference

Individual references only need to be defined once. Upon subsequent insertations of the same reference, use the following code:

<refname="Reference name"/>

Examples:

<refname="TEA"/>

<refname="Supply Lines"/>

Automatically generated references

Some transcluded templates, like theYear infobox, automatically generate one or more references. These will automatically appear at the bottom of the page unless {{Reflist}} is used, as outlined below.

Producing the reference list

The list of references used on a page—the "reflist"—should be added in a dedicated section called "Notes and references." This is achieved by using the {{Reflist}} template:

==Notes and references=={{Reflist}}

For rules regarding the placement and formatting of the Notes and references section, refer to theLayout Guide.

Reference rules

References that require explanation

If a cited source does not explicitly portray or otherwise describe the subject of the article in which a statement or passage is being referenced, the reference should explain the logic behind using that particular source. Some common examples include:

Dating notes:Star Wars media that explicitly dates events does not necessarily mention the subject presented in an article.
- Example: We know fromStar Wars: Battles that Changed the Galaxy thatLinwodo was destroyed in the aftermath of theBattle of Kashyyyk, and we know fromStar Wars: Galactic Atlas that the battle took place in 19 BBY. However, the reference for Linwodo's death date must make that connection:
```
<refname="Death Date">''[[Star Wars: Battles that Changed the Galaxy]]'' states that Linwodo was hunted down and [[Death|destroyed]] in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Kashyyyk]], which ''[[Star Wars: Galactic Atlas]]'' dates to [[19 BBY]].</ref>
```
- To help reference dates of various media, there exists a number of pre-madedating citation templates that can be employed.
Properties that apply to a group of subjects: A source might establish a property that applies to a group of subjects, without mentioning a specific subject in that group.
- Example: We know fromStar Wars: The Essential Atlas Online Companion that theJeyell system is located in theMid Rim, but the Online Companion does not mention the planetJeyell. Therefore, the reference forJeyell's location in the Mid Rim must make that connection:
```
<refname="EAOC Jeyell">{{SW|url=news/star-wars-the-essential-atlas-online-companion|text=''Star Wars: The Essential Atlas'' Online Companion|int=Star Wars: The Essential Atlas Online Companion}}&mdash; Based on corresponding data for [[Jeyell system/Legends|Jeyell system]]</ref>
```
- Example: We know that clone troopers are clones of Jango Fett and therefore share some properties like physical characteristics and birthplace. The birthplace, gender, and height of a clone trooper could therefore be sourced like this:
```
<refname="CT DB">{{Databank|clone-troopers|Clone Troopers}}&mdash; Based on corresponding biographical and physical details for all [[clone trooper]]s</ref>
```

Formatting

References go immediately after punctuation and outside of quotation marks, with no space between the end of a sentence and a reference tag. The following exceptions apply:
- References should immediately precede dashes (seeWP:DASH).
- If a set of parentheses is cited with a single reference, place the reference immediately after the closing parenthesis. If more than one reference is used, include the references within the parentheses.
  - Example (fromLasan/Legends): "The list, which the service erroneously claims contains thirteen entries, also names three planets—Kirdo III, "Lasat," and "Ossell II"^[6] (a misspelling of the planet Ossel II)^[10] [...]"
  - Example (fromAlison Brie): "Alison Brie (bornDecember 29,^[1]1982^[2]) is anAmerican actress [...]"
References should be formatted like entries in the Appearances and Sources sections. This includes italicization where appropriate, as with book titles, etc.
Only references that constitute full sentences should receive a period (full stop).
→Wookieepedia:Mofferences/February 12, 2012
For linking purposes, all references are treated as independent entities. Therefore, all mentioned subjects must be linked upon their first mention in each reference.
→SeeForum:CT:Links within references
Articles shall cite information from comic books by individual comic issue or comic story, not by overall series, story arc, or compilation (such as trade paperbacks or hardcover collections).
→SeeWookieepedia:Mofferences/November 7, 2020
References may not cite information by individual page or chapter number, unless there is a specific referential need. This does not apply to citation templates that include page-number parameters, such as {{CSWECite}}.
→SeeWookieepedia:Mofferences/August 30, 2019
Unless a dedicated citation template exists for the purpose, references to works not covered by articles on Wookieepedia should be cited inModern Language Association (MLA) citation format. Additionally, the designation "Print" in the citation itself is not to be used.
An individual's gender must be cited to a source that explicitly mentions it or refers to the individual by gendered terms (e.g. "princess" or "boy"). Pronouns do not indicate an individual's gender, and if no source specifies the individual's gender, then it should not be assumed.
An individual's pronouns must likewise be cited to a source that explicitly mentions those pronouns. If no source specifies the individual's pronouns, the article may use non-assumptive singular "they/them" pronouns.

→SeeForum:CT:Sourcing pronouns and gender

Citation templates

Usecitation templates where available. Wookieepedia has standardized the following practices for citation template usage:

Citation templates designed for the purpose of citing multiple parameters in a single reference may not be used merely to adorn the name of a source
Example: "An Old Flame in Need..." —Shadows of the Empire Sourcebook,not Shadows of the Empire Sourcebook
Citation templates may not be used or created simply to adorn the name of a source with a logo
Available citation templates must be used in Appearances, Sources, Notes and references, External links, andindex pages whenever applicable, with the exception of {{CSWECite}}, as noted below
The optional parameters "author," "date," and "quote" may only be used in Notes and references in an article.

→SeeForum:CT:Refining the use of citation templates

CSWECite

{{CSWECite}}, including all parameters, must be used in individual citation references when applicable
{{CSWECite}} may not be used in the Sources list, with the only exception being when a subject is referenced in an entry but does not have a specific entry of its own. In that case the template must be used without specifying page numbers.
- Additionally, if a subject does not have an entry of its own and is referenced in more than one entry, the item will be formatted as such in the Sources list: *The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia(Mentioned in multiple entries) — {{CSWECite}} has a specific parameter for this purpose: {{CSWECite|multiple}}

→SeeWookieepedia:Mofferences/January 26, 2014,Forum:CT:Tense and CSWECite in MOS

Archival links

When citing an external link, a permanent archival link (also called a backup link) must be included in the reference. UseInternet Archive's Wayback Machine orarchive.today for this purpose.

Social media posts must likewise include a backup link. In the instance a social media post cannot be archived through one of the aforementioned archiving services, an accompanying screenshot of the post must alternatively be uploaded to Wookieepedia and linked in the reference itself. To prevent the screenshot from being deleted as an unused image, it should be added toWookieepedia:Social media screenshots.
The Wookieepedia community, particularly the article-reviewing panels through the article-nomination processes, may judge the validity of expired external links, including social media posts, that cannot produce a backup link or screenshot. The original URL must be provided in the reference, and the|nobackup=,|nolive=, and|oldversion= parameters, depending on the needs of the specific template, must be used to indicate the content is expired and no longer available.

→SeeWookieepedia:Mofferences/June 29, 2014,Wookieepedia:Mofferences/March 6, 2016,Forum:CT:Wookieepedia:Sourcing - Permanent archival links, andForum:CT:Sourcing policy amendment: Backup links for social media posts,Forum:CT:Deadlinks wording tweak,Forum:CT:WP:SOURCING - small update for screenshot page

Technical limitations

References cannot be placed within another reference.<ref name="Cloak of Deception">''Cloak of Deception'' Also mentioned in <ref name="Darth Maul: Shadow Hunter" /></ref> does not render correctly.
References located under a {{Reflist}} are not listed in the reflist. This is why the Layout Guide places succession box above the Notes and references.

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