Lightsaber

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Lightsaber

Thelightsaber, also referred to as alaser sword orspace sword by those who were unfamiliar with it, was a distinctive weapon, the very image of which was inextricably bound with the mythos of theJedi Order and their polar opposites, theSith. The lightsaber also became synonymous with the Jedi Order's values to uphold peace and justice throughoutthe galaxy. This perception endured, despite the many conflicts with lightsaber-wielding Sith andDark Jedi.

The weapon consisted of a blade of pureplasma emitted from thehilt and suspended in a force containment field. The field contained the immense heat of the plasma, protecting the wielder, and allowed the blade to keep its shape. The hilt was almost always self-fabricated by the wielder to match their specific needs, preferences and style. The hilt was also built similarly to their master's lightsaber as a mark of respect. Due to the weightlessness of plasma and the strong gyroscopic effect generated by it, lightsabers required a great deal of strength and dexterity to wield, and it was extremely difficult—and dangerous—for the untrained to attempt using. However, in the hands of an expert ofthe Force, the lightsaber was a weapon to be greatly respected and feared. To wield a lightsaber was to demonstrate incredible skill and confidence, as well as masterful dexterity and attunement to the Force.

History[]

Origins[]

TheForcesaber was a precursor created by theRakata, which would eventually evolve into the lightsaber. Users were able to channel thedark side of the Force through black laboratory-grown crystals which would create the glowing energy blades.^[7]

The first lightsabers came into being when the precursorJe'daii Order combined advanced offworld technology with aforging ritual, learning how to "freeze" a laser beam.^[8] The earliest known functional lightsabers were called theFirst Blades, built onTython and the Ryo Fortress on the planet Shikaakwa. Prior to this news, the items were created in theForce Wars by an unknownJe'daii Master with the help of the Shikaakwa people, known only as theWeapon Master.^[9] With the formation of the Jedi Order after the Force Wars, ceremonial weapons were an integral part of their order. For millennia afterwards, the Jedi continued to use bladed weapons like swords, as lightsabers had not yet been refined for regular use.^[8]

By the time of theDuinuogwuin Contention around15,500 BBY, Jedi studies and researches with "frozenblaster" technology yielded success; they developed a method to generate a focused beam of energy that arced in a circumferential path back to its source, creating a controlled energy circuit and leading to the first portable high-energy blades. However, these preliminary lightsabers were highly unstable and inefficiently guzzled energy from a belt-mounted power supply; they could only be used for a brief duration before overheating. As a consequence of these flaws, the first lightsabers were little more than ceremonial objects, seldom worn, and much less utilized.^[8][4]

Early refinements[]

The extreme lack of stability that plagued the weapons' early designs were gradually corrected through the ages, and the cumbersome and rarely used siege-weapons gave way to elegant and muchmore commonly used lightsabers. However, while these archaic lightsabers were far more stable than their ungainly predecessors, they still suffered from energy consumption issues, requiring the belt-worn power pack of previous generations.^[8] The power-cable tended to restrict the wielder's movements in battle and prevented the usage ofForce-powered and long-range telekinetic saber combat. However, despite the shortcomings, the highly stable blades granted them a superior advantage in hand-to-hand combat against heavily-armored foes, and saw a great deal of use during the period of theHundred-Year Darkness.

Sith developments and usage[]

It seems the Dark Lords of theSith Empire were ultimately responsible for the advancement of lightsabers, replacing the belt-mounted power pack with apower cell within the hilt. An internal superconductor was introduced, which transferred the returning looped energy from the negative-charged flux aperture back into an internal power cell. With this modification, the power cell would only expend power when the energy loop was broken, such as when the lightsaber cut something, solving the power supply problem. According to theTedryn Holocron, the Sith also created the schematics for the firstdouble-bladed lightsabers.^[4][10] Wielders of these original modern lightsabers includeKarness Muur, a Dark Jedi who had wielded an archaic lightsaber, but later switched to a curve-hilted modern lightsaber.^[11]. The Sith crew of theOmen were also equipped with modern lightsabers.^[12]

Muur also appears to have been one of the Sith Lords to establish the tradition of wielding lightsabers withsynthetic lightsaber crystals, which was maintained until its resurgence in3653 BBY. However, this tradition was disregarded byExar Kun during his reign, as he and his followers opted instead to continue using their Jedi lightsabers in combat, though at least one follower used a lightsaber with a red crystal. However, this tradition was reestablished by the Sith acolyteHaazen and the Dark LordsRevan andMalak. After Revan and Malak, the tradition continued to be observed by virtually every noteworthy Sith Lord.

Despite the advancements in lightsaber technology apparently pioneered by the Sith, most Dark Lords of the era spurned the use of lightsabers in favor ofSith swords.^[10]

Adoption by the Jedi[]

WithNaga Sadow's invasion of the Republic in5000 BBY and the subsequent start of theGreat Hyperspace War,^[10] the technological innovations pioneered by the Sith Empire were brought to the Republic and the Jedi. However, the majority of Sith forces held to the use of Sith swords, while the Jedi continued to use the protosabers, as they had not yet had time to adapt and implement these new designs. With the Sith defeat at the end of the war, modern lightsabers were adopted by the Jedi Order. By4800 BBY, they were almost universally utilized by Jedi.^[8]

During theGreat Sith War, Jedi converts who flocked to Exar Kun continued using their Jedi lightsabers, disregarding the tradition laid down by the original Sith Empire. However, other innovations entered their ranks, with Kun modifying his lightsaber into a double-bladed lightsaber, using schematics from a Sith holocron.^[4]

Jedi Civil War[]

TheJedi Civil War was a conflict started by former Jedi Revan and Malak in the aftermath of theMandalorian Wars. During their conflict against the Mandalorians, Revan and Malak were turned to the dark side and invaded the Republic, at the head of their ownSith Empire. Revan waged war against the Republic for several years, attracting numerous rogue and Dark Jedi to his cause. When he founded his own branch of Sith, Revan observed the tradition of using red-hued blades laid out by the original Sith. Many of his followers followed suit, and red lightsabers became recognized as the mark of a darksider. Double-bladed lightsabers also saw common usage among the Dark Jedi and Sith Lords.^[14] The usage of red lightsabers continued among the surviving darksiders after the fall of Revan's Empire.^[15]

This era saw a surge in the usage of personal energy shields by armed forces, rendering blasters partly obsolete. As blaster usage experienced partial decline due to the shields, melee weapons such as swords became more common. In order to make the weapons more durable, almost all weapons of the era were created using cortosis woven into the blade, allowing them to stand up against lightsabers.^[14]

Great Galactic War[]

In3681 BBY, theresurgent Sith Empire invaded the Galactic Republic. The conflict culminated in theSacking of Coruscant in3653 BBY. This forced the Republic to sign theTreaty of Coruscant that led to theCold War.^[17] During the years of these two conflicts, the Sith Empire'swarriors andinquisitors almost uniformly wielded lightsabers instead of Sith swords.^[9] As with the Sith of Revan's Empire^[14] and theEmpire of the Sith Triumvirate,^[15] red blades were customary for Sith to wield, solidifying the red lightsaber as emblematic of the Sith. Another typical design feature on Sith weapons was the usage of dual-blade guards.^[18] The Jedi continued to wield lightsabers, and some Jedi adopted the dual-bladed design as well.^[19]

Aftermath and Sith rebirth[]

Eventually, the Republic managed to reclaim its lost territory. During this period, lightsaber usage and technology remained largely unchanged, although it should be noted that the usage of naturally formed crystals fromIlum became almost universal among Jedi, causing the variety of lightsaber colors to drop, as the vast majority of crystals that formed on Ilum took on either a blue or green hue.^[4]

It is notable that during the reign ofKaan, Sith apprentices were provided with stock lightsabers rather than having to create their own.^[20] After the institution of the Rule of Two, this policy was reversed, and apprentices had to create their own lightsabers, although synthetic crystals were often provided.^[21] However, a notable exception to this rule wasDarth Maul, who self-fabricated the four synth-crystals required for his saberstaff after several days of nonstop work. Maul considered the creation of the crystals he used as a mark of Sith superiority over Jedi.

When theClone Wars began, Jedi lightsabers experienced a change in focus. Rather than being created as a meditative exercise, heavy-duty lightsabers built to stand up to the rigors of war became the norm.^[22] Also, the war saw the reemergence of a rare lightsaber long thought lost; theDarksaber. Stolen from the Jedi Temple by the Mandalorians several millennia prior, the weapon had been passed down the line among the warriors, eventually coming into the possession ofPre Vizsla. Vizsla wielded the weapon againstObi-Wan Kenobi in a brief duel.^[23] At least one lightsaber was sold at a storefront for 500,000credits atPons Ora during the Clone Wars.^[24]

Jedi Purge and reformation[]

With theGreat Jedi Purge, lightsabers were outlawed. To further hinder surviving Jedi,Palpatine had many of the sites where Jedi traditionally collected lightsaber crystals razed or quarantined, and placed strict sanctions on any crystals available on the market that could be used on such, such asCorusca gems.^[4][25] Jedi were forced to refrain from drawing their lightsabers during this era, as openly displaying their traditional weapon would only draw attention.^[26] Ultimately, the only individuals permitted to wield lightsabers were Palpatine's own Dark side servants, such asDarth Vader or hisShadow guardsman, to name a few.^[27] As the widespread outlawing of these weapons made an already rare artifact now almost impossible to find save in the hands of surviving Jedi,Jedi hunters would often collect the weapons as proof of kill, either turning them over to the Empire or keeping them as trophies.

Most of Palpatine's servants and disciples, such as hisHands or hisDark Side Elite, favored the simple standard lightsabers.^[28] However, other affiliates, such as the Emperor's Shadow Guard or certain members of theRoyal Guard, favored more specialized weapons, such asLightsaber pikes.^[27] One of his Hands,Lumiya, wielded alightwhip.^[4] Imperial engineers also found a way to mass-produce lightsaber components, though these weapons still had to be assembled by hand. These lightsabers were created onKamino for theImperial saber guard and theStarkiller clones, and called for the mass importing of special crystals for them. The crystals in question were likelysynthetics, due to the red coloration common to most, though the weapons supplied to most of the clones featured silver blades.^[29] Similar mass produced lightsabers were provided to theSa Cuis clones.^[30]

In15 BBY,landspeeder racerThall Joben was in possession of a lightsaber that had been left in his speeder by its previous owner.^[31]

WhenLuke Skywalker set about constructinghis lightsaber, he based the design on schematics supplied byObi-Wan Kenobi that he found in a journal. Notably, he was forced to use a synth-crystal for his weapon, as he lacked any knowledge of the sites where Jedi traditionally gathered crystals, most of which having been razed during the Purge. The resulting crystal possessed a green coloration, due to Skywalker's meditations upon it during its formation.^[32] When Skywalker'sreformed Jedi Order arose, many of the original crystal sites would be reclaimed, but early apprentices would rely on synth-crystals.^[4] Toward the end of Skywalker's brief apprenticeship to the resurrected Palpatine, he utilized a lightsaber with a red blade,^[33] while the Emperor himself wielded atrophy lightsaber with a blue coloration.^[34][28]

Dark side resurgent[]

After Palpatine's final death, there remained several dark side cults and groups either formed by surviving Dark Jedi. A notable group were theReborn. Due to the large number of Dark Jedi within the Reborn, supplied by a special cloning method that granted Force-sensitivity,Desann was forced to manufacture lightsabers for the group. This resulted in a notable innovation in lightsaber construction techniques, as beforehand lightsaber manufacturing was impossible due to the non-uniform nature of the crystals, which required painstaking, individual fine-tuning.^[4] These manufacturing processes also appeared to have been applied by theDisciples of Ragnos, a Sith cult formed by Desann's apprentice,Tavion Axmis, and surviving members of the Reborn. Also, as all the lightsabers were identical assembly line creations, they all utilized red crystals.

While the development of lightsaber-manufacturing techniques was a significant advancement in lightsaber technology, the Jedi, as well as most other Force-using traditions, kept to the old methods where lightsabers were self-fabricated by students in order to individualize the weapons, and test the abilities of the adept in question.

Many years later, as the Imperial Remnant recovered in strength, they also formed a new Force Order; theImperial Knights. The Knights were noted for their self-fabricated weapons, although they all followed the same design and used white crystals in their weapons. This helped individualize their weapons but still mark them out as Imperial Knights.

EmperorRoan Fel eventually formed an alliance with the Sith, led byDarth Krayt. While the Empire and the Sith worked together, the Sith turned on the Empire and usurped the throne, causing a civil war within the Empire.

The lightsaber construction methods of the Sith differed from the Jedi and Imperial Knights in that many of their lightsabers were apparently constructed from a material similar to theYorik coral used by theYuuzhan Vong. They also utilized synthetic crystals, in observance of tradition.

Mechanics and specifications[]

Mechanics[]

The typicallightsaber hilt consisted of a metal cylinder between twenty-four and thirty centimeters in length.^[4] However, the size of individual hilts varied drastically, as the weapon was tailored to the creator's specific needs and preferences. The hilt had apommel cap at the bottom which sometimes held a backup power cell. The lightsaber mechanisms were contained within the hilt. High levels of energy generated by a high-outputDiatiumpower cell was unleashed through a series offocusing lenses and energizers that converted the energy into plasma.^[37] The plasma was projected through a set oflightsaber crystals that lent the blade its properties and allowed for the adjustment of blade length and power output. The ideal number of crystals was three, though only one was required.^[4] Apower insulator was installed on the hilt to protect the wielder from any energy discharges.^[38] Activating the lightsaber usually required abutton of some sort.^[39] Ablade power adjustment knob was sometimes installed to allow the wielder to vary the power of the blade.^[40] Adischarge energy cell could also be installed to increase a lightsaber's power output.^[15]

Once focused by the crystals, the plasma was sent through a series of field energizers and modulation circuitry within theemitter matrix that further focused it, making it into a coherent beam of energy that was projected from theblade emitter.^[41] The blade typically extended about a meter before being arced by the blade containment field back to a negatively charged fissure ringing the emitter, where it was channeled back to the power cell by a superconductor, completing the circuit. This containment field also caused the blades to make contact with other lightsabers blades without passing through like other forms of energy. This trait is seen when lightsaber wielders can block and parry other lightsaber blades.

Cutting power[]

A lightsaber blade was a mass-less form that neither radiated heat nor expended energy, other than that emitted as visible light, until it came into contact with something solid. The power of the energy blade was so great that it could cut through almost anything, although the speed through which it cut depended on the density of the subject. One important note about lightsaber wounds is that they rarely bled profusely, even when a limb had been severed. This is because the energy blade cauterized the wound as it passed, and thus even a severe wound did not tend to bleed heavily.

When cutting through dense material, the immense electromagnetic field generated by the arc caused resistance rather than letting solid matter enter and interrupt the arc. This gave the blade a feeling of being solid when immersed in dense material. Rarely, some solid materials could actually pass through the electromagnetic field and short out the arc. Other electromagnetic energy fields and coherent energy were also repelled by lightsabers' arcs. These include most force fields, blaster bolts, and other lightsaber blades.

Lightsaber-resistant materials[]

Aside from the blade of another lightsaber, there were rare materials that could withstand a lightsaber blade, but with varying degrees of success:

• Phrik, was a rare metallic compound that could withstand a lightsaber blade, although unlike cortosis, Phrik did not possess the ability to cause the blade to short out. Phrik was most notably used in the construction of theelectrostaffs wielded byGeneralGrievous'sMagnaGuards. Other notable uses of Phrik included elements of Palpatine's lightsaber andDark trooper armor.
• Songsteelwas an extremely rare metal that, similarly to Phrik and Cortosis, had the ability to deflect lightsabers (though it did not have the ability to short out lightsabers the way Cortosis did). It was only used for the making of extremely exquisite, expensive weapons. It was incredibly tedious and hard to forge, though it was quite sought after, as not only did it deflect lightsabers effortlessly, it had other valuable properties. It was extremely lightweight, and it had an incredible, silvery shimmer to it. The only known people to use songsteel weapons wereDarrus Jeht and theMaster in Violet.

• Darkswords were an ancient type of sword made from a special material that could parry lightsabers. Unlike cortosis, this material did not possess the ability to temporarily deactivate a lightsaber blade it made contact with.
• Armorweave was a cloth said to give some resistance to lightsabers, although the protection the reinforced material afforded was limited.
• Sith alchemy was employed during the eras of the firstSith Empire to augment the properties of metals so as to counter the seemingly unstoppable lightsaber. The Sith also made use of such elements as cortosis in the forging of theirSith swords. After the original Sith Empire, the most notorious use of Sith alchemy was in the construction and reinforcement ofDarth Vader's armor.
• Mandalorian iron: A metal found on the planetMandalore—known asbeskar in theMandalorianlanguage—Mandalorian iron could be forged into several configurations to take advantage of its exceptional lightsaber-resistant qualities. Commonly used in the creation ofMandalorian armor or weapons (such as theBeskad), the metal was also used to construct the door sealingFreedon Nadd's tomb.
• Force weapon: Weapons imbued with the power of the Force could be used to parry a lightsaber's blade without harm. Anything from aquarterstaff to abladed weapon could be infused with pure Force energy, allowing them to withstand any lightsaber-strike. This art was quite rare, and was largely forgotten by the Jedi by the time of the Clone Wars. Other, less prominent Force-groups, however, still actively called upon this technique. A notable example would be theWitches of Dathomir.
• Vong technology:Vonduun Skerr Kyrric armor proved to be lightsaber resistant, andAmphistaffs were able to clash with lightsaber blades repeatedly without sustaining damage.
• Water: All lightsabers, unless specially made,^[43][39] would short out when they were submerged in water, due to rapid chain reactions and the instant overpowering of water on the blade. In rain, a lightsaber would steam up, but not short out.^[44] Some Jedi, specifically those of aquatic species, designedspecial lightsabers that could activate underwater.Luke Skywalker's lightsaber was also capable of operating underwater.^[45]

Superconductive materials (e.g.ultrachrome,Quantum-crystalline armor) deflected lightsaber strikes.^[46] The skin of theTikulini worms ofJazbina was able to withstand a lightsaber strikes.^[47] TheZillo Beasts native toMalastare also had plate-like armor resistant to lightsaber blows.^[48] The crystal scales of thelava dragons ofEol Sha were resistant by lightsaber strikes, though it was still possible to shatter them.^[49]

Variations and specializations[]

Hilt variations[]

Standard lightsaber

The standard lightsaber consisted of a straight hilt approximately 20 to 30 centimeters long. As it is the standard make, it has no defining features other than details on individual hilts, as each weapon was often self-fabricated by the wielder and customized to suit their specifications.

Protosaber

Main article:Protosaber

Before the advancement in lightsaber technology after theHundred-Year Darkness, lightsabers had significantly higher power requirements, necessitating belt-mounted power packs; these packs were connected to the hilt by a cord. While a massive advancement over the highly unstable original lightsabers, protosabers were eventually rendered obsolete by miniaturized power cells and the inclusion of the superconductor technology that allowed the energy of the blade to return to the hilt, creating an energy loop that only lost power when interrupted, such as when a lightsaber cut.^[39]

Retrosaber

Greatly resembling the original protosabers, retrosabers far exceeded their abilities. They were just as potent as modern lightsabers, but offered a few advantages along with the disadvantage of the external power pack. The primary advantage was that modern belt-mounted power packs allowed for a brief "power surge", creating a more powerful blade for a short time and therefore a temporary advantage in combat.

Double-bladed lightsaber

Main article:Double-bladed lightsaber

Also referred to as saberstaffs and Sith lightsabers, double-bladed lightsabers consisted of a single hilt that projected a blade from both ends, resulting in a deadly staff-like weapon. Most saberstaff hilts were of increased length, as they usually consisted of two separate lightsabers connected at the pommels.^[10]

According to theTedryn Holocron, saberstaffs were first invented by the Sith Lords of the old Sith Empire.^[4] The first recorded usage of the weapon was by the Sith Lord Exar Kun, who obtained the schematics for the weapon from a Sith holocron, using them to modify his existing Jedi lightsaber.

The usage of double-bladed lightsabers eventually gave rise to the use ofpaired lightsabers. As many double-bladed lightsabers were simply two separate lightsabers joined at the pommel, this was taken advantage of and the weapons were connected with a locking mechanism rather than a solid weld, allowing the two weapons to be separated forJar'Kai dual-blade combat. Many duelists used the paired function to surprise enemies in combat, wielding it as a saberstaff before separating the weapons.^[20] Other versions of the paired lightsaber had the weapons joined by afiber cord instead of a locking mechanism. Those linked by the fiber cords were held by the cord and flailed about, exchanging control for unpredictability.^[50]

Guard shoto (also referred to as "lightsaber tonfa")

Main article:Guard shoto

A variation on the standard short shoto lightsabers, guard shotos featured an elongated hilt with a secondary handle built angling 90 degrees out from the main hilt. They were built to be carried by the second handle, with the blade parallel to the forearm, allowing the weapon to be easily used for blocks. Due to the defensive nature of the weapon, it was recommended that the casing be machined out of lightsaber-resistant phrik alloy.^[39]

Crossguard lightsaber

Main article:Crossguard lightsaber

An extremely rare variant only seen in the hands of skilled duelists, crossguard lightsabers, also known as forked lightsabers, featured a specialized hilt which emitted two blades. One blade was the standard lightsaber blade, but the second was a significantly shorter and thinner blade projected by a secondary emitter next to the main at an angle. The secondary blade was used as a guard to protect the hand, and on occasion to catch attacks between it and the main blade.^[39]

Curved-hilt lightsaber

Main article:Curved-hilt lightsaber

Curved-hilt lightsabers were of a design which featured a hilt with a built in curve. This was usually done to allow the hilt to fit better into the palm, facilitating the use of one-handed fighting styles such asMakashi, or to provide variable blade angle to confuse opponents.^[20][51]

Long-handle lightsaber

Main article:Long-handle lightsaber

Built to cater to specific fighting styles, long-handle lightsabers featured a lengthened handle that provided the duelist with more surface area to place his hands, and providing more leverage for attacks.^[39] The length of long-handled lightsabers varied considerably, with some examples, such as the weapon ofWarb Null simply being double the length of standard hilts, and others, such asDarth Nihl's weapon, being staffs with a lightsaber blade on the end.^[10]

Lightsaber pike

Main article:Lightsaber pike

Resembling pole-arms in many respects, lightsaber pikes featured extremely long handles, up to two meters long, with a somewhat shorter and thicker lightsaber blade. The handle was machined from phrik alloy to prevent it from being cut in two, as the purpose of the weapon was to provide increased range in close combat.

Sabercane

Main article:Sabercane

The sabercane was a simple variation on the standard; a lightsaber concealed as the head of a cane. In combat, the handle would be detached from the body of the cane and wielded normally.Tera Sinube wielded such aweapon, as did the Sith acolyteHaazen.

War Dragon rider's saber

Main article:War Dragon rider

At some point between the start of the Clone Wars and the rise of the Galactic Empire, a warrior mounted on anUbese Thorn-Back War Dragon wielded a modified lightsaber with two hilts and three separate blades, one on each end and one connecting the weapon's two handles together.^[52]

Electrum detail

Main article:Electrum

The only difference an electrum-detailed lightsaber possessed compared to the standard was that its casing was built with the golden electrum metal. A purely cosmetic accessory, this feature was only allowed to high-ranking members of the Jedi Order, being a prestigious honor bestowed on masters who have demonstrated their strength and skill.^[39][5]

New Jedi Order hilts

By14 ABY,Jedi Praxeum students could choose from a selection of pre-made hilt models, includingAdept,Adjudicator,Arbiter,Avenger,Champion,Consul,Defender,firebrand,Guardian,Praetor,Retaliator,Sentinel,Vanquisher andVindicator.^[53]

Blade variations[]

Training lightsaber

Main article:Training lightsaber

Training lightsabers were essentially regular lightsaber, only engineered with a permanent low-power setting, rather than the adjustable setting featured on standard weapons. As their name indicates, training lightsabers were used for instructional purposes, teaching initiates how to wield a lightsaber. Due to their permanent low-power setting, training lightsabers were extremely limited in the type of damage they could cause, the most severe injuries being burns and serious bruises. In fact, the weapon was so weak that an individual could physically grab the blade and suffer no injury besides the burns and bruises.^[54]

Dual-phase lightsaber

Main article:Dual-phase lightsaber

While most lightsabers featured a built-in length adjust, dual-phase lightsabers allowed for rapid transitions between two sets of preset lengths. The dual-phase lightsaber was originally conceived early in history, being used for the purpose of lightsaber dueling. The most common usage at the time would be to switch between a standard length and one of increased length as a surprise tactic during lightsaber duels. In more contemporary times, however, it is more common to have the secondary length be shorter for precision cutting.^[4]

Known wielders of dual-phase lightsabers include Darth Vader,^[21][55]Dooku,^[51] andCorran Horn.

Shoto

Main article:Lightsaber shoto

Essentially, a shoto was a short lightsaber. Featuring a shortened blade length and diminutive handle, it was basically a miniaturized lightsaber. Shotos were usually used as the secondary weapon indual-blade combat, as their smaller blade length resulted in a less intensive gyroscopic effect, making the weapon easier to handle. Shotos were also used a primary weapons by some duelists, most who did so being of diminutive size, making a full sized lightsaber impractical, though this is not always the case. Examples of this would be duelists such asVandar Tokare,Picaroon C. Boodle orYoda.

Other duelists known to have wielded shotos in combat includeKavar,Sora Bulq,Luke Skywalker,Ahsoka Tano, and many others.

Lightclub

Main article:Lightclub

Essentially the opposite of the shoto, lightclubs were massively oversized lightsabers that projected overlong blades. They were almost universally wielded by individuals of overlarge stature to accommodate their size. An example of such a being is the mutatedGamorreanDark Jedi,Gorc.

Lightwhip

Main article:Lightwhip

Lightwhips were exotic variations on the typical lightsaber that saw only rare usage. Like a lightsaber, it emitted a coherent beam of energy, but instead of a straight meter-long blade, it was several meters in length and flexible. Most lightwhips were produced by emitters extended from the hilt. The energy field was then created around the solid emitters. Wielded in a whip-like manner, they were used to attack opponents at a range and provide an element of unpredictability in combat. However, they were significantly weaker than standard lightsabers, and their blades were ineffective defensively. Lightwhip wielders includeGithany,Lumiya,Silri.

Lightfoil

Main article:Lightfoil

Lightfoils were small and elegant energy swords based upon lightsabers. They were popular among certain nobles of theTapani sector, especially those that called themselves "saber rakes." Lightfoils were weaker than authentic lightsabers due to the poor quality focusing crystals used in their manufacture and the relatively low level of craftsmanship compared toJedi artisans. They did not require any connection to the Force to create, and were fully usable by non-Force sensitives.

Underwater

Main article:Bifurcating cyclical-ignition pulse

While most lightsabers shorted out when the blade touches water,^[39] this blade was made to operate underwater due to two crystals employed in a bifurcating cyclical-ignition pulse.^[4] Generally only Jedi from aquatic races would go to the trouble of constructing a waterproof saber, as only they had the mobility to use it effectively underwater.Nautolan Jedi MasterKit Fisto used such a modification inhis lightsaber. However, there were several other non-aquatic lightsaber wielders who modified their weapons so they were functional underwater.

Darksaber

Main article:Darksaber

This ancient lightsaber had a unique black blade that was flattened and came to a point like a traditional sword, rather than the rounded beam of more standard lightsabers.

Usage and application[]

Combat[]

Main article:Lightsaber combat

Lightsaber combat was the preferred fighting method used by lightsaber wielders, many of the forms and styles being designed to compensate for the gyroscopic effect inherent in lightsabers, and take advantage of the Force-sensitivity common in most wielders. The different styles of lightsaber dueling were initially based on ancient sword-fighting techniques. Throughout the millennia, these many combat styles were refined into the seven "classic" forms that serve as the standard, and numerous other fighting methods that call for advanced levels of skill. Lightsaber combat was difficult to master for a number of reasons, one of them being that all of the weight a lightsaber had was in its hilt, and the gyroscopic effect caused resistance to changes in motion, or built up momentum so quickly than an untrained wielder could lose control of the weapon.

Rituals[]

• Knighting ceremony

Lightsabers were an integral part of the knighting ceremonies of the Jedi Order. During the ceremony, a Padawan would have their Padawan braid ritualistically severed by the presiding Jedi Master. This event would often be witnessed by a number of fellow Jedi, who would stand in a circle around the Padawan with their lightsabers ignited.^[56]

Only three Sith "knighting" ceremonies are known; a lightsaber was only used during one of these. During the ceremony,Galen Marek was made to kneel before his master, while Darth Vader simply lowered his lightsaber next to both sides of Marek's head, formally declaring theForce Adept his apprentice.^[27]

• Concordance of Fealty

TheConcordance of Fealty was a Jedi tradition of entrusting one's lightsaber to a fellow Order member. This exchange represented a serious, even sacred bond—the establishment of a reciprocal, master-less learning relationship.

Behind the scenes[]

Early concepts[]

The usage of the lightsaber was originally inspired by many of the serials thatGeorge Lucas watched and enjoyed as a child, which featured many characters wielding swords. When he began conceivingStar Wars, he wished to include swords, creating the "lightsaber" to allow them to better mesh with the futuristic setting.^[58]

In the early incarnations of theStar Wars storyline, lightsabers were not exclusive to the Jedi and other Force-users, but were in fact very mundane. Early concept art depicts lightsabers being wielded by Rebel and Imperial soldiers alike. George Lucas later limited the lightsabers to exclusively the Jedi in order to make them feel more unique, and heighten the mystique of the Jedi.^[59] Also, in therough draft of the script, lightsabers were referred to as "lazerswords."^[60]

Crystals first appear inStar Wars simply as an embedded decoration on the hilt in theA New Hope novelization. Aside from this single instance, there are no crystals mentioned in any of the movies or their novelizations.^[6]

Prop design and effects[]

During the filming ofA New Hope, theAnakin/Luke lightsaber was made from a Graflex camera side-attach flash, while theVader lightsaber was made from a Micro Precision Products flash attachment. The handle grips were made of rubber windshield wipers, and D-rings were attached to the bottoms of the units so that they could be worn on belts. TheObi-Wan lightsaber was the most complex hilt at the time. It was assembled from parts of an Armitage Shanks Starlite model Handwheel, Browning ANM2 machine gun booster, WWI No.3 Mk.1 British Rifle Grenade and a Rolls-Royce Derwent Mk.8/Mk.9 Jet Engine Balance Pipe.

Korean animatorNelson Shin, who was working for DePatie–Freleng Enterprises at the time, was asked by his manager if he could animate the lightsaber in the live action scenes of a film. After Shin accepted the assignment, the live action footage was given to him. He drew the lightsabers with a rotoscope, an animation which was superimposed onto the footage of the physical lightsaber blade prop. Shin explained to the people from Lucasfilm that since a lightsaber is made of light, the sword should look "a little shaky" like a fluorescent tube. He suggested inserting one frame that was much lighter than the others while printing the film on an optical printer, making the light seem to vibrate. Shin also recommended adding a degausser sound on top of the other sounds for the weapon since the sound would be reminiscent of a magnetic field. The whole process took one week, surprising his company. Lucasfilm showed Shin the finished product, having followed his suggestions to use an X-Acto knife to give the lightsaber a very sharp look, and to have sound accompany the weapon's movements.^[61]

The lightsaber effects during theoriginal trilogy started out in a very complicated manner. During the filming ofA New Hope, the blade was made of a three-sided rod covered with reflective material. The rod was then rapidly spun by a compact motor in the hilt, reflecting the lights on set and creating an in-camera glowing effect. However, these props were highly limited; they were cumbersome and fragile, often breaking during fight scenes. Also, the glowing effect was not absolute, as whenever the blade moved out of the light or pointed at the camera, the glow disappeared and the actual spinning rod could be seen. In order to partially compensate for this, the blade was rotoscoped and an animated glow was added by tracing onto a blown-up copy of the frame with pen and colored ink, one frame at a time. It was at this phase that blades were given colors, as the props were simple white blades.^[58][59]

During the filming ofThe Empire Strikes Back, it was decided creating an in-camera glowing effect was more trouble than it was worth, so the spinning rods were swapped for carbon rods. While these new blades were less cumbersome than before, they were still very fragile and frequently broke. However, they continued to be used forReturn of the Jedi.^[58]

When filming began forThe Phantom Menace, the new lightsaber blades were steel and aluminum rods, which were highly durable, but frequently bent and flexed, requiring constant replacement.^[62] Despite this, these rods still saw usage during the filming ofAttack of the Clones, as they had no alternative at the time. However, for the filming ofRevenge of the Sith, the blades were replaced by carbon fiber rods laminated with glass and plastic. These new props were highly durable and didn't flex, though due to this, they were extremely hard, often causing bruising and leaving scars. While lightsaber effects were still done by rotoscoping for theprequels, they were done digitally, rather than by hand.^[59]

Colors[]

Lightsabers depicted in the first two released films,A New Hope andThe Empire Strikes Back, had blades that were colored either blue (for the Jedi) or red (for the Sith). This color difference was a decision during post-production when the lightsaber blades were being rotoscoped, as the original blades were simply white. InReturn of the Jedi, Luke Skywalker'snewly-constructed lightsaber was colored blue during the initial editing of the film, and appears so in both an early movie trailer and the official theatrical posters, but in the final film, it was ultimately colored green in order to better stand out against the blue sky of Tatooine in outdoor scenes. It also appeared as green in re-release posters.

Both green and blue became standard blade colors for Jedi lightsabers in theStar Wars prequel trilogy. Mace Windu'samethyst-bladed lightsaber, as first seen inAttack of the Clones, was a personal request from actorSamuel L. Jackson as a way to make his character stand out among other Jedi.^[63] Jackson's favorite color is purple and he frequently requests the characters he plays to use an item of the color.

Various blade colors appear inStar Wars Legends and in otherStar Wars products. The original Kenner figure of Luke Skywalker in his Tatooine costume from Star Wars was released with a yellow-bladed lightsaber. A multitude of other colors have since been used, including orange, silver, cyan, viridian, gold, bronze, and even black.

Choreography[]

While the usage of lightsabers was originally inspired by rapiers featured in the old serials George Lucas enjoyed, the final choreography inA New Hope looked nothing like fencing. As Jedi and their Sith counterparts were heavily inspired bysamurai, the fighting styles utilized were based more onkendo.^[64] The slower, more strength-oriented moves of kendo used in the duel also helped mesh with Lucas' concept that it was a battle between what were essentially two old men.^[58]

During the filming ofThe Empire Strikes Back, Lucas began ramping up the speed of the duels, making them "faster and more intense," the idea being that Luke Skywalker was becoming increasingly proficient with the lightsaber.^[58] Also, rather than utilizeDavid Prowse, the actor within the Darth Vader costume, for the duels, they instead had professional swordsmanBob Anderson perform the fights, due to Prowse's tendency to repeatedly break the fragile prop blades. Anderson continued to serve as Prowse's fighting double during the filming ofReturn of the Jedi.

When filming began forThe Phantom Menace, the new stunt coordinatorNick Gillard ramped up the speed and agility the characters demonstrated in lightsaber duels, the idea being that the prequels took place when the Jedi Order was in "full flower," at least in terms of combat techniques.^[58] Gillard was careful to avoid giving the fight scenes a choreographed look, drawing upon his extensive knowledge of martial arts to create the moves. The end result was a very fast-paced style of fighting, which he described as being like a chess game between grand masters, with every move being a check. This style of choreography was continued on throughout the prequel trilogy.^[65]

Appearances[]

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Explore all of Wookieepedia's media for this article subject: Audio · Images Tales of the Jedi – The Golden Age of the Sith 0 Tales of the Jedi – The Golden Age of the Sith 1 Tales of the Jedi – The Fall of the Sith Empire 3 Lost Tribe of the Sith: Precipice Lost Tribe of the Sith: Skyborn Tales of the Jedi – The Fall of the Sith Empire 4 Tales of the Jedi – The Fall of the Sith Empire 5 Lost Tribe of the Sith: Paragon Lost Tribe of the Sith: Savior "Jedi Protector" —Star Wars Galaxy Magazine 13 "A Tale from the Dark Side" —Tales of the Jedi Companion Tales of the Jedi 1 Tales of the Jedi 2 Tales of the Jedi 3 Tales of the Jedi 4 Tales of the Jedi 5 Tales of the Jedi – The Freedon Nadd Uprising 1 Tales of the Jedi – The Freedon Nadd Uprising 2 Tales of the Jedi – Dark Lords of the Sith 1 Tales of the Jedi – Dark Lords of the Sith 2 Tales of the Jedi – Dark Lords of the Sith 3 Tales of the Jedi – Dark Lords of the Sith 4 Tales of the Jedi – Dark Lords of the Sith 5 Tales of the Jedi – Dark Lords of the Sith 6 Tales of the Jedi – The Sith War 1 Tales of the Jedi – The Sith War 2 Tales of the Jedi – The Sith War 3 Tales of the Jedi – The Sith War 4 Tales of the Jedi – The Sith War 5 Tales of the Jedi – The Sith War 6 "Shadows and Light" — Star Wars Tales 23 Tales of the Jedi – Redemption 2 Tales of the Jedi – Redemption 3 Tales of the Jedi – Redemption 4 Tales of the Jedi – Redemption 5 "The Secret Journal of Doctor Demagol" onHyperspace(backup link) (original site is defunct) Knights of the Old Republic 1 Knights of the Old Republic 2 Knights of the Old Republic 3 Knights of the Old Republic 4 Knights of the Old Republic 5 Knights of the Old Republic 6 Knights of the Old Republic 7 Knights of the Old Republic 9 Knights of the Old Republic 10 Knights of the Old Republic 12 "Labor Pains" onHyperspace(backup link) (original site is defunct) Knights of the Old Republic 13 Knights of the Old Republic 15 Knights of the Old Republic 16 Knights of the Old Republic 17(Mentioned only) Knights of the Old Republic 19 Knights of the Old Republic 20 Knights of the Old Republic 21 Knights of the Old Republic 22 Knights of the Old Republic 23 Knights of the Old Republic 24 Knights of the Old Republic 25 Knights of the Old Republic 26 Knights of the Old Republic 27 Knights of the Old Republic 28 Knights of the Old Republic 29 Knights of the Old Republic 30 Knights of the Old Republic 31 Knights of the Old Republic 32 Knights of the Old Republic 33 Knights of the Old Republic 34 Knights of the Old Republic 35 Knights of the Old Republic 36 Knights of the Old Republic 37 Knights of the Old Republic 38 Knights of the Old Republic 42 Knights of the Old Republic 43 Knights of the Old Republic 44 Knights of the Old Republic 47 Knights of the Old Republic 48 Knights of the Old Republic 49 Knights of the Old Republic 50 Lost Tribe of the Sith: Purgatory Lost Tribe of the Sith: Sentinel Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic The Old Republic: Revan(andaudiobook) Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords "Return" onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) The Old Republic, Blood of the Empire Act 1: Shades of the Sith The Old Republic, Blood of the Empire Act 2: The Broken World The Old Republic, Blood of the Empire Act 3: Burn the Future "Hope" onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) The Old Republic, Threat of Peace Act 1: Treaty of Coruscant The Old Republic: Deceived(andaudiobook) Deceived Cinematic Trailer onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) The Old Republic, Threat of Peace Act 2: New Galactic Order The Old Republic, Threat of Peace Act 3: Uncertain Surrender Red Harvest(andaudiobook) The Old Republic: Fatal Alliance(andaudiobook) "The Sixth Line: Part Two" onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) Star Wars: The Old Republic Star Wars: The Old Republic Cartel Market The Old Republic — The Lost Suns 1 The Old Republic — The Lost Suns 2 The Old Republic — The Lost Suns 3 The Old Republic — The Lost Suns 5 "The Last Battle of Colonel Jace Malcom" —Star Wars Insider 137(reprinted inStar Wars Insider: The Fiction Collection Volume 2) The Old Republic: Annihilation(andaudiobook) Star Wars: The Old Republic: Rise of the Hutt Cartel Star Wars: The Old Republic: Galactic Strongholds Star Wars: The Old Republic: Shadow of Revan "Sacrifice" onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) Star Wars: The Old Republic: Knights of the Fallen Empire "Betrayed" onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) Star Wars: The Old Republic: Knights of the Eternal Throne Star Wars: The Old Republic: Onslaught Star Wars: The Old Republic: Legacy of the Sith "Disorder" onThe Old Republic'sofficial website(article) (backup link) Lost Tribe of the Sith: Pantheon Lost Tribe of the Sith: Secrets Lost Tribe of the Sith: Pandemonium Lost Tribe of the Sith — Spiral 1 Lost Tribe of the Sith — Spiral 2 Lost Tribe of the Sith — Spiral 3 Lost Tribe of the Sith — Spiral 4 Lost Tribe of the Sith — Spiral 5 "Prototypes" —Star Wars: Visionaries Star Wars: Knight Errant: Influx onStarWars.com(backup link) (original site is defunct) Knight Errant 0 Knight Errant 1 Knight Errant 2 Knight Errant 3 Knight Errant 4 Knight Errant 5 Knight Errant Knight Errant: Deluge 1 Knight Errant: Deluge 2 Knight Errant: Deluge 3 Knight Errant: Deluge 4 Knight Errant: Deluge 5 Knight Errant: Escape 1 Knight Errant: Escape 2 Knight Errant: Escape 3 Knight Errant: Escape 4 Knight Errant: Escape 5 Darth Bane: Path of Destruction(andaudiobook) "Darkness Shared" —Star Wars Gamer 5(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) "The Apprentice" — Star Wars Tales 17 Jedi vs. Sith 1 Jedi vs. Sith 2 Jedi vs. Sith 3 Jedi vs. Sith 4 Jedi vs. Sith 5 Jedi vs. Sith 6 Darth Bane: Rule of Two(andaudiobook) "Bane of the Sith" —Star Wars Gamer 3(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) Darth Bane: Dynasty of Evil(andaudiobook) Legacy of the Jedi Darth Plagueis(andaudiobook) Secrets of the Jedi "Reckonings" —Star Wars Gamer 7 Jedi Apprentice: The Rising Force Jedi Apprentice: The Dark Rival Jedi Apprentice: The Hidden Past Jedi Apprentice: The Mark of the Crown Jedi Apprentice: The Defenders of the Dead Jedi Apprentice: The Uncertain Path Jedi Apprentice: The Captive Temple Jedi Apprentice: The Day of Reckoning Jedi Apprentice: The Fight for Truth "Restraint" —Darth Maul: Shadow Hunter Jedi Council: Acts of War 1 Jedi Council: Acts of War 2 Jedi Council: Acts of War 3 Jedi Council: Acts of War 4 Prelude to Rebellion 0 Star Wars (1998) 1 Star Wars (1998) 2(Picture only) Star Wars (1998) 3 Star Wars (1998) 4 Star Wars (1998) 5 Star Wars (1998) 6 "Shadows of Coruscant" —Star Wars Roleplaying Game Core Rulebook Maul: Lockdown(andaudiobook) Cloak of Deception Darth Maul (2000) 1 Darth Maul (2000) 2 Darth Maul (2000) 3 Darth Maul (2000) 4 Star Wars: Obi-Wan Darth Maul: Shadow Hunter(andunabridged audiobook) Star 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Wrath of Darth Maul Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Brothers" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Revenge" Darth Maul — Death Sentence 1 Darth Maul — Death Sentence 2 Darth Maul — Death Sentence 3 Darth Maul — Death Sentence 4 Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "A War on Two Fronts" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Front Runners" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "The Soft War" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Tipping Points" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "The Gathering" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "A Test of Strength" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Bound for Rescue" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "A Necessary Bond" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Secret Weapons" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Revival" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Eminence" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Shades of Reason" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "The Lawless" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "Sabotage" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "The Jedi Who Knew Too Much" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "To Catch a Jedi" Star Wars: The Clone Wars — "The Wrong Jedi" General Grievous 1 General Grievous 2 General Grievous 3 General Grievous 4 Yoda: Dark Rendezvous(andunabridged audiobook) Star Wars: Clone Wars — "Chapter 22" Obsession 1 Obsession 2 Obsession 3 Obsession 4 Obsession 5 Order 66: A Republic Commando Novel Labyrinth of Evil Star Wars: Clone Wars — "Chapter 23" Star Wars: Clone Wars — "Chapter 24" Star Wars: Clone Wars — "Chapter 25" Star Wars: Episode IIIRevenge of the Sith Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith novelization(andunabridged audiobook) Star Wars: Episode IIIRevenge of the Sith junior novelization Star Wars: Episode IIIRevenge of the Sith video game Star Wars: Episode III — Revenge of the Sith 1 Star Wars: Episode III — Revenge of the Sith 2 Obi-Wan's Foe Star Wars: Episode III — Revenge of the Sith 3 Star Wars: Episode III — Revenge of the Sith 4 "Orders" — Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures Volume 4 Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader(andunabridged audiobook) Imperial Commando: 501st Purge Purge – Seconds to Die 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— "The White Witch" "The Final Exit" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 4(reprinted inThe Best of the Star Wars Adventure Journal, Issues 1-4;Tales from the Empire;Classic Adventures: Volume Four — The Best of the Journal;Hyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club; andSetkání v mlze) Boba Fett: Enemy of the Empire 4 Star Wars: The Force Unleashed Star Wars: The Force Unleashed novelization(andunabridged audiobook) Star Wars: The Force Unleashed graphic novel Death in the Undercity(reprinted inClassic Adventures: Volume Three) "Infiltration" —Supernova(Mentioned only) "The Evacuation of Jatee" —Supernova "The Spira Regatta" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 1(reprinted inThe Best of the Star Wars Adventure Journal, Issues 1-4)(Mentioned only) "The Prophecy" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 2 "The Battle for Gap Nine" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 7(Indirect mention only) "The Farrimmer Cafe" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 11(Mentioned only) Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II Star Wars: The Force Unleashed 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Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 29(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 30(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 31(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 32(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 33(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 34(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Vader's Quest 1 Vader's Quest 2 Vader's Quest 3 Vader's Quest 4 Star Wars (1977) 35(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 36(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) Star Wars (1977) 37(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) "Tatooine Sojourn"(colorized inClassic Star Wars: The Early Adventures 4) Jedi's Honor "The Snow Demons!" —Pizzazz 11 "The Most Dangerous Foe" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 11(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron Galaxy of Fear: Army of Terror Otherspace II: Invasion Choices of One Introductory Adventure Game Graveyard of Alderaan(reprinted inClassic Adventures: Volume Two) Galaxy of Fear: Clones "Uhl Eharl Khoehng" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 8(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) Black Ice Rescue at Glare Peak "Mountaintop Rescue" —Star Wars: Force and Destiny Beginner Game(Mentioned only) "Lure of the Lost" —Star Wars: Force and Destiny "Gambler's World"(colorized inClassic Star Wars: The Early Adventures 1–3) Star Wars (1977) 38(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 2: Dark Encounters) "Dark Knight's Devilry" —The Empire Strikes Back Monthly 153(colorized inClassic Star Wars: Devilworlds 1) "Blind Fury!" —Star Wars Monthly 159(colorized inClassic Star Wars: Devilworlds 1) Star Wars Missions 13: Prisoner of the Nikto Pirates Star Wars Missions 14: The Monsters of Dweem Rebel Heist 4 Scavenger Hunt Domain of Evil(reprinted inClassic Adventures: Volume Two) Planet of the Mists "The Quality of Mercy" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 1 "Agent Nallok Is Missing" —Instant Adventures(Picture only) Star Wars: Assault Team Operation: Elrood "Walking the Path That's Given" — Star Wars Tales 21 "The Breath of Gelgelar" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 14(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club)("T'laerean Larn" capsule) The Jewel of Yavin Star Wars Galaxies: The Ruins of Dantooine Splinter of the Mind's Eye Splinter of the Mind's Eye 1 Splinter of the Mind's Eye 2 Splinter of the Mind's Eye 3 Splinter of the Mind's Eye 4 The Bounty Hunter "Combat Moon" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 9(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club)(Mentioned only) "Idol Intentions" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 12 "The Last Hand" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 13 Battle for the Golden Sun(Mentioned only) "Uninvited Guests" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 1 Star Wars: Episode VThe Empire Strikes Back Star Wars: Episode VThe Empire Strikes Back junior novelization Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back novelization(andunabridged audiobook) Star Wars (1977) 39(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil andStar Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back) Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back The Empire Strikes Back radio drama — "Freedom's Winter" The Empire Strikes Back radio drama — "The Coming Storm" Star Wars (1977) 40(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil andStar Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back)(Cover only) The Empire Strikes Back radio drama — "Fire and Ice" Star Wars (1977) 41(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil andStar Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back) The Empire Strikes Back radio drama — "Way of the Jedi" Star Wars (1977) 42(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil andStar Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back) Star Wars Adventures: Luke Skywalker and the Treasure of the Dragonsnakes "Moment of Doubt" — Star Wars Tales 4 "Slippery Slope" — Star Wars Tales 15 Star Wars (1977) 43(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil andStar Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back) The Empire Strikes Back radio drama — "Gambler's Choice" Star Wars (1977) 44(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil andStar Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back) The Empire Strikes Back radio drama — "The Clash of Lightsabers" "Jedi Heirlooms" —Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game(Mentioned only) Star Wars (1977) 45(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil) Star Wars (1977) 48(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil) Star Wars (1977) 49(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil) Star Wars (1977) 50(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil)(Vision to Luke Skywalker) Star Wars (1977) 51(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 3: Resurrection of Evil) Star Wars (1977) 64(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void)(Mentioned only) Star Wars (1977) 59(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void) Star Wars (1977) 60(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void) Star Wars (1977) 62(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void) Star Wars (1977) 63(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void) Star Wars (1977) 66(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void) Star Wars (1977) 67(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 4: Screams in the Void) Star Wars Adventures: The Will of Darth Vader "The Emperor's Trophy" —Star Wars Galaxy Magazine 11 "Slaying Dragons" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 9(reprinted inTales from the Empire andHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club)(Mentioned only) Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire Galoob minicomic Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire novel Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire abridged audiobook Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire junior novelization Shadows of the Empire 2 The Life and Legend of Obi-Wan Kenobi Shadows of the Empire 3 Shadows of the Empire 4 "Hand-Off" —Shadows of the Empire Sourcebook(Mentioned only) Shadows of the Empire 5 Shadows of the Empire 6 Star Wars (1977) 70(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty)(In flashback(s)) Star Wars (1977) 71(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) Star Wars (1977) 72(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) Star Wars (1977) 74(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) Star Wars (1977) 75(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) Star Wars (1977) 80(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) Star Wars Annual (1977) 3(colorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader Return of the Jedi radio drama — "Tatooine Haunts" Star Wars: Episode VIReturn of the Jedi Star Wars: Return of the Jedi novelization(andunabridged audiobook) Star Wars: Episode VIReturn of the Jedi junior novelization Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi Return of the Jedi 1(colorized inStar Wars: Episode VI — Return of the Jedi) "A Time to Mourn, a Time to Dance: Oola's Tale" —Tales from Jabba's Palace(In flashback(s)) "Goatgrass: The Tale of Ree-Yees" —Tales from Jabba's Palace Return of the Jedi radio drama — "Fast Friends" Star Wars Journal: Hero for Hire(Mentioned only) "Sleight of Hand: The Tale of Mara Jade" —Tales from Jabba's Palace "The Great God Quay: The Tale of Barada and the Weequays" —Tales from Jabba's Palace Mara Jade – By the Emperor's Hand 1 Return of the Jedi 2(colorized inStar Wars: Episode VI — Return of the Jedi) Return of the Jedi radio drama — "Prophecies and Destinies" "A Barve Like That: The Tale of Boba Fett" —Tales from Jabba's Palace(Mentioned only) Mara Jade – By the Emperor's Hand 2 Return of the Jedi 3(colorized inStar Wars: Episode VI — Return of the Jedi) Return of the Jedi radio drama — "Pattern and Web" "One Last Night in the Mos Eisley Cantina: The Tale of the Wolfman and the Lamproid" —Tales from the Mos Eisley Cantina Return of the Jedi radio drama — "So Turns a Galaxy, So Turns a Wheel" Return of the Jedi 4(colorized inStar Wars: Episode VI — Return of the Jedi) Return of the Jedi radio drama — "Blood of a Jedi" The Truce at Bakura Star Wars (1977) 81(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 5: Fool's Bounty) Star Wars (1977) 82(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 6: Wookiee World) Star Wars (1977) 87(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 6: Wookiee World) Star Wars (1977) 90(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 6: Wookiee World) X-Wing: Rogue Leader 1 X-Wing: Rogue Leader 2 X-Wing: Rogue Leader 3 Star Wars (1977) 89(recolorized inStar Wars: A Long Time Ago... Volume 6: Wookiee World) X-Wing Rogue Squadron 5(Appears in hologram) X-Wing Rogue Squadron 7(Appears in hologram) X-Wing Rogue Squadron 8(Appears in hologram) A New Hope: The Life of Luke Skywalker(andaudiobook) Mara Jade – By the Emperor's Hand 3 Mara Jade – By the Emperor's Hand 4 Mara Jade – By the Emperor's Hand 5 Mara Jade – By the Emperor's Hand 6 "Black Curs Blues" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 8(Mentioned only) X-Wing Rogue Squadron 29(Appears in hologram) Star Wars (1977) 108(Cover only) Luke Skywalker and the Shadows of Mindor The Lost City of the Jedi Zorba the Hutt's Revenge Mission from Mount Yoda Prophets of the Dark Side "The Kaal Connection" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 7(reprinted inClassic Adventures: Volume Four — The Best of the Journal) X-Wing: The Krytos Trap(andunabridged audiobook) X-Wing: The Bacta War(andunabridged audiobook) "Shintel Downtime" — The DarkStryder Campaign (Reprinted and collected inThe DarkStryder Campaign, Deluxe) "Endgame" — Endgame (Reprinted and collected inThe DarkStryder Campaign, Deluxe) The Courtship of Princess Leia(andunabridged audiobook) Heir to the Empire(andunabridged audiobook) Dark Force Rising(andunabridged audiobook) The Last Command(andunabridged audiobook) "Relic" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 6(reprinted inClassic Adventures: Volume Four — The Best of the Journal) "Rendezvous with Destiny" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 6(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) "Betrayal by Knight" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 12(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) Dark Empire 1 Boba Fett: Agent of Doom "Firestorm" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 15 Dark Apprentice I, Jedi(andunabridged audiobook) Jedi Academy: Leviathan 1 Jedi Academy: Leviathan 2 Jedi Academy: Leviathan 3 Jedi Academy: Leviathan 4 Star Wars: Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast Rebel Jedi onWizards.com(backup link) (original site is defunct) Nightsaber onWizards.com(backup link) (original site is defunct) "Murder in Slushtime" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 14(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) Planet of Twilight The Crystal Star Star Wars: Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy Before the Storm The New Rebellion "Two for One" —Star Wars Adventure Journal 15(Mentioned only) Boba Fett: A Practical Man The New Jedi Order: Vector Prime Invasion 1 Invasion 2 Invasion 3 Invasion 4 Invasion 5 The New Jedi Order: Dark Tide I: Onslaught The New Jedi Order: Dark Tide II: Ruin The New Jedi Order: Agents of Chaos I: Hero's Trial The New Jedi Order: Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse The New Jedi Order: Balance Point The New Jedi Order: Recovery The New Jedi Order: Edge of Victory I: Conquest "Emissary of the Void"(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) The New Jedi Order: Edge of Victory II: Rebirth The New Jedi Order: Star by Star The New Jedi Order: Dark Journey "The Apprentice" —Star Wars Gamer 8(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) The New Jedi Order: Enemy Lines I: Rebel Dream The New Jedi Order: Traitor The New Jedi Order: Destiny's Way The New Jedi Order: Ylesia The New Jedi Order: Force Heretic I: Remnant "Equals & Opposites" — Star Wars Tales 21 The New Jedi Order: Force Heretic II: Refugee "Or Die Trying" —Star Wars Insider 75(reprinted inHyperspace: The OfficialStar Wars Fan Club) The New Jedi Order: Force Heretic III: Reunion The New Jedi Order: The Final Prophecy The New Jedi Order: The Unifying Force Dark Nest I: The Joiner King Dark Nest II: The Unseen Queen Dark Nest III: The Swarm War Legacy of the Force: Betrayal Legacy of the Force: Bloodlines Legacy of the Force: Tempest Legacy of the Force: Exile Legacy of the Force: Sacrifice Legacy of the Force: Inferno Legacy of the Force: Fury Legacy of the Force: Revelation Legacy of the Force: Invincible Crosscurrent Riptide Millennium Falcon(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Outcast(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Omen(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Abyss(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Backlash(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Allies(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Vortex(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Conviction(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Ascension(andaudiobook) Fate of the Jedi: Apocalypse(andaudiobook) X-Wing: Mercy Kill(andaudiobook) Crucible(andaudiobook) Legacy (2006) 1 Legacy (2006) 8 Legacy (2006) 2 Legacy (2006) 3 Legacy (2006) 4 Legacy (2006) 5 Legacy (2006) 6 Legacy (2006) 7 Legacy (2006) 9 Legacy (2006) 10 Legacy (2006) 11 Legacy (2006) 12 Legacy (2006) 13 Legacy (2006) 14 Legacy (2006) 15 Legacy (2006) 16 Legacy (2006) 17 Legacy (2006) 18 Legacy (2006) 19 Legacy (2006) 20 Legacy (2006) 22 Legacy (2006) 23 Legacy (2006) 24 Legacy (2006) 25 Legacy (2006) 26 Legacy (2006) 27 Legacy (2006) 28 Legacy (2006) 29 Legacy (2006) 30 Legacy (2006) 31 Legacy (2006) 32 Legacy (2006) 33 Legacy (2006) 34 Legacy (2006) 35 Legacy (2006) 37 Legacy (2006) 38 Legacy (2006) 39 Legacy (2006) 40 Legacy (2006) 42 Legacy (2006) 43 Legacy (2006) 44 Legacy (2006) 45 Legacy (2006) 46 Legacy (2006) 47 Legacy (2006) 48 Legacy (2006) 49 Legacy (2006) 50 Legacy — War 1 Legacy — War 2 Legacy — War 3 Legacy — War 4 Legacy — War 5 Legacy — War 6 Legacy (2013) 1 Legacy (2013) 2 Legacy (2013) 3 Legacy (2013) 4 Legacy (2013) 5

Non-canon appearances[]

Sources[]