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IEEE Spectrum
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IEEE Spectrum is the flagship publication of the IEEE — the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences. Our articles, videos, and infographics inform our readers about developments in technology, engineering, and science.
© Copyright 2026 IEEE — All rights reserved. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

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About Us

IEEE Spectrum is an award-winning technology magazine and the flagship publication of theIEEE, the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and the applied sciences. With roots goingback to 1884, the IEEE organizes research conferences, publishes engineering journals, and is responsible for major technology standards, including most famously Ethernet and Wi-Fi.Spectrum's mission has remained the same since itsfounding in 1964: Our charter is to keep the public and over 500,000 IEEE Members informed about major trends and developments in technology, engineering, and science. Our news stories, features, special reports, podcasts, videos, and infographics engage our readers with clear explanations about emerging concepts and developments with details they can’t get elsewhere.


Interested in contributing to IEEE Spectrum? 


If you're a writer, photographer, illustrator, or videographer, please see ourGuidelines for Freelancers.


If you're a researcher who wants to write about work in your field, please see ourExpert Author Guidelines.

IEEE Spectrum Editorial Staff

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Harry Goldstein,h.goldstein@ieee.org 


EXECUTIVE EDITOR

Jean Kumagai,j.kumagai@ieee.org


MANAGING EDITOR

Elizabeth A. Bretz,e.bretz@ieee.org


CREATIVE DIRECTOR

Mark Montgomery,m.montgomery@ieee.org


DIRECTOR OF DIGITAL INNOVATION

Erico Guizzo,e.guizzo@ieee.org


EDITORIAL DIRECTOR, CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

Glenn Zorpette,g.zorpette@ieee.org


SENIOR EDITORS

Evan Ackerman (Digital),evan.ackerman@ieee.org

Lucas Laursen,l.laursen@ieee.org

Samuel K. Moore,s.k.moore@ieee.org

Eliza Strickland,e.strickland@ieee.org


NEWS MANAGER

Michael Koziol,m.koziol@ieee.org


SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Emily Waltz,e.waltz@ieee.org


ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Dina Genkina,d.genkina@ieee.org

Willie D. Jones,w.jones@ieee.org


ASSISTANT EDITOR

Gwendolyn Rak,g.rak@ieee.org 


SPECIAL PROJECTS

DIRECTOR

Stephen Cass,cass.s@ieee.org


SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Margo Anderson,m.k.anderson@ieee.org


PRODUCT AND AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT 

DIRECTOR

Tim Warder,t.warder@ieee.org


AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT MANAGER

Laura Bridgeman,l.bridgeman@ieee.org


COMMUNITY MANAGER

Kohava Mendelsohn,k.mendelsohn@ieee.org


DIGITAL PRODUCT DESIGNER 

Erik Vrielink,e.vrielink@ieee.org


ART & PRODUCTION 

DEPUTY ART DIRECTOR

Brandon Palacio,b.palacio@ieee.org


PHOTOGRAPHY DIRECTOR

Randi Klett,randi.klett@ieee.org


ASSISTANT PHOTO EDITOR

Nicole Millman,n.millman@ieee.org


PRINT PRODUCTION SPECIALIST

Sylvana Meneses, s.meneses@ieee.org


DIGITAL PRODUCTION MANAGER

Michael Spector,m.spector@ieee.org


SENIOR COPY EDITOR

Joseph N. Levine,j.levine@ieee.org


COPY EDITOR

Michele Kogon,m.kogon@ieee.org


RESEARCH COPY EDITOR

Cheryl Della Pietra,c.dellapietra@ieee.org


ADMINISTRATOR

Jose Zambrano,jose.zambrano@ieee.org


CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Rina Diane Caballar,Robert N. Charette,Charles Q. Choi,Tom Clynes,Peter Fairley,Edd Gent,W. Wayt Gibbs,Mark Harris,Allison Marsh,Julianne Pepitone,Matthew Smith,Lawrence Ulrich


THE INSTITUTE

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Kathy Pretz,k.pretz@ieee.org


ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Joanna Goodrich,j.goodrich@ieee.org


DIRECTOR, PERIODICALS PRODUCTION SERVICES

Peter Tuohy


ADVERTISING PRODUCTION MANAGER

Felicia Spagnoli,f.spagnoli@ieee.org


ADVERTISING PRODUCTION

+1 732 562 6334


EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD, IEEE SPECTRUM

Harry Goldstein,Chair; Karanveer Anand, Ella M. Atkins, Yedukondala N. Dwith Chenna, Sangyeun Cho, Hugh Durrant-Whyte, Matthew Eisler, Alissa Fitzgerald, Benjamin Gross, Carlos Gutierrez, Lawrence O. Hall, Benjamin Kroposki, Somdeb Majumdar, Khaled Mokhtar, Ramune Nagisetty, Paul Nielsen, Amit K. Singh, Christoph Stiller, Mini S. Thomas, Boon-Lock Yeo 


EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD,THE INSTITUTE

Kathy Pretz,Chair; Qusi Alqarqaz, Stamatis Dragoumanos, Madeleine Glick, Harry Goldstein, Francesca Iacopi, Meenakshi Jindal, Lawrence O. Hall, Shashi Raj Pandey, John Purvis, Chenyang Xu


MANAGING DIRECTOR, PUBLICATIONS

Steven Heffner


EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE

IEEE Spectrum

3 Park Ave., 17th Floor

New York, NY 10016-5997


EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

Tel: +1 212 419 7555 

Fax: +1 212 419 7570


ADVERTISING INQUIRIES 

Joerg Wuellner +49 152 2258 4972,jwuellner@wiley.com

Chris Darch +1 206 867 4165,cdarch@wiley.com


COPYRIGHTS AND TRADEMARKS

IEEE Spectrum is a registered trademark owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.


Responsibility for the substance of articles rests upon the authors, not IEEE, its organizational units, or its members. Articles do not represent official positions of IEEE. Readers may post comments online; comments may be excerpted for publication. IEEE reserves the right to reject any advertising.

IEEE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

PRESIDENT & CEO

Kathleen A. Kramer, president@ieee.org

+1 732 562 3928 Fax: +1 732 981 9515


PRESIDENT-ELECT

Mary Ellen Randall


TREASURER

Gerardo Barbosa


SECRETARY

Forrest D. Wright


PAST PRESIDENT

Thomas M. Coughlin


VICE PRESIDENTS

Timothy P. Kurzweg,Educational Activities; Antonio Luque,Member & Geographic Activities; W. Clem Karl,Publication Services & Products; Dalma Novak,Technical Activities; Gary R. Hoffman,President, Standards Association; Timothy T. Lee,President, IEEE-USA


DIVISION DIRECTORS

Yong Lian (I); H. Alan Mantooth (II); Stefano Bregni (III); Charles M. Jackson (IV); Christina M. Schober (V); Russell D. Meier (VI); Christopher E. Root (VII); Cecilia Metra (VIII); Aylin Yener (IX); Ravinder S. Dahiya (X)


REGION DIRECTORS

Bala S. Prasanna (1); Felicia Reinhart (2); Eric Grigorian (3); Constance A. Kelly (4); A. Matt Francis (5); Joseph C. Wei (6); Thamir F. “Tom” Murad (7); Michael G. Hinchey (8); Jenifer P. Castillo Rodriguez (9); Takako Hashimoto (10)


IEEE STAFF 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & COO

Sophia A. Muirhead +1 732 562 5400,s.muirhead@ieee.org


CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Kelly Lorne +1 732 562 6011,k.lorne@ieee.org


INTERIM GENERAL COUNSEL & CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER

Ahsaki Benion +1 212 705 8975,a.benion@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 

Mojdeh Bahar +1 732 562 3850,m.bahar@ieee.org


CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER

Karen L. Hawkins +1 732 562 3964,k.hawkins@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, PUBLICATIONS

Steven Heffner +1 212 705 8958,s.heffner@ieee.org


STAFF EXECUTIVE, CORPORATE ACTIVITIES

Donna Hourican +1 732 562 6330,d.hourican@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, CONFERENCES, EVENTS AND EXPERIENCES

Marie Hunter, + 1 732 465 5889,m.m.hunter@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, MEMBER & GEOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES

Cecelia Jankowski +1 732 562 5504,c.jankowski@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Jamie Moesch +1 732 562 5514,j.moesch@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, IEEE STANDARDS

Alpesh Shah +1 732 465 6467,alpesh.shah@ieee.org


CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Thomas R. Siegert +1 732 562 6843,t.siegert@ieee.org


CHIEF INFORMATION AND DIGITAL OFFICER

Jeff Strohstein +1 732 562 5332,j.strohstein@ieee.org


CHIEF HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER

Cheri N. Collins Wideman +1 732 562 5335,c.wideman@ieee.org


MANAGING DIRECTOR, IEEE-USA

Russell T. Harrison+1 202 530 8326,r.t.harrison@ieee.org


IEEE PUBLICATION SERVICES & PRODUCTS BOARD

W. Clem Karl,Chair; John T. Barr, Nazanin Bassiri-Gharb, Sergio Benedetto, Stephen Dukes, Stefano Galli, Charles Hansen, Athanasios Kakarountas, James Keller, Aleksandar Mastilovic, Khaled Mokhtar, Paolo Montuschi, Zorana Popovic, Mehrdad Saif, Anna Scaglione, Noor E. Karishma Shaik, Gaurav Sharma, Sarah Spurgeon, Jaideep Vaidya, Maria Elena Valcher, Patrick Wheeler, Steve Yurkovich


IEEE Spectrum’s Statement on Generative AI

As technology journalists, we see the potential of generative AI but remain cautious of its misuse. IEEE Spectrum’s readers trust us to provide accurate news and analysis filtered through the expert brains of our writers and editors, and we will always act to preserve that trust. We value human creativity, deep reporting, insightful analysis, and getting things right. We also value the creative industries and will continue to support them by hiring writers and artists to contribute to our publication.


Writing and Editing: All Spectrum articles are reported, written, edited, and fact-checked by humans. Although our writers may use AI in the ideation and research stage, whether to help find story ideas or assist in background research, a human always verifies the facts and approves the final content to ensure accuracy and editorial integrity. We may also experiment with using AI to enhance the user experience—for instance, to summarize passages or entire articles—but any such AI-generated content will be clearly labeled. Additionally, we may use AI tools for transcribing and summarizing interviews as well as suggesting headlines, SEO descriptions, and social media blurbs. All final decisions on what we publish are made by humans.


Video and Audio: Our original audio and videos will not include AI-generated or AI-modified footage or audio unless that material is explicitly labeled. AI tools may assist with video concept development or video editing, but humans oversee and approve the final product. We may also explore other ways of using AI tools. When sharing third-party videos, we will make efforts to determine and disclose any AI involvement (within the video, in the description, or by other means).


Images:IEEE Spectrum prioritizes human-created visuals and generally avoids publishing AI-generated images. Exceptions include stories directly covering AI-generated imagery and stories in which researchers used AI-generated imagery as a key part of their work; in those cases, such images will be clearly labeled. We may also use AI-image generation as a behind-the-scenes technique for concepting and brainstorming visuals. Additionally, we receive many press images for our news content, and while we make every effort to verify sources, we cannot guarantee that the provided art was not AI-generated. We stand behind our commitment to hire artists and support the real-world creative community in our image selection process.


This statement is a living document that we will update as the technology evolves, regulations change, and new uses for the technology are found that fit within our ethical and professional guidelines.

Awards

IEEE Spectrum has received numerous awards and honors for both its print and online efforts.


Spectrum has won multiple Neal Awards through the years, including five Grand Neals, the top prize at the annualJesse H. Neal Awards, one of the most prestigious awards in business journalism.


Spectrum has won aNational Magazine Award for General Excellence in the Thought Leader category. The awards are sponsored by the American Society of Magazine Editors in association with the Columbia University School of Journalism.


Spectrum has also won National Magazine Awards for reporting and special-topic issue, and has been a finalist in multiple categories, including digital media reporting, blogging, and podcast.

Advertising Inquiries

For advertising and sponsorship opportunities, please contact Joerg Wuellner and Chris Darch, and view ourmedia kit here.


Joerg Wuellner

+49 152 2258 4972

jwuellner@wiley.com


Chris Darch

+1 206 867 4165

cdarch@wiley.com

Reader Services

Subscribe or resolve common issues with your subscription.


Are you an IEEE member? Emailmember-services@ieee.org to change your mailing address, replace a missing or damaged issue, or add a print or digital subscription.


Not an IEEE member? OurSubscription Service provider Omeda will help you update your information, renew your subscription, or answer other subscriptions questions.

Reprints

For reprints and licensing requests, please contact our licensing partnerPARS International. Include the full content title, as well as issue dates, page numbers, names of authors and artists, and any other relevant information.

© Copyright 2026 IEEE — All rights reserved. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

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