Vavhenda (Chivhenda:Vhavenda)Wavhenda kanaVangona vanhu vanotauraChivhenda uye vanowanikwa kuChamhembe che Afurika, kunyanya kuChamhembe Afurika ne kuZimbabwe.
Nhoroondo ye Vavhenda inotangira kubva kuhumambo hwe Mapungubwe (zanagore rechi-9) ukoMambo Shiriyadenga aive mambo wekutanga weVhenda neMapungubwe[1]. Humambo hwe Mapungubwe hwakatambanuka kubva kuSoutpansberg kumaodzanyemba, kuyambukaRwizi Rimupopo kusvika kuMatombo kuchamhembe. Humambo hwakaramba kubva muna1240, uye simba rakaenda kuchamhembe kuUmambo we Zimbabwe. Kugara kwekutanga kweVavhenda muSoutpansberg kwaive kwemukuru ane mukurumbira Thoho-ya-Ndou (Sororezhou). Danga rake ramambo raidaidzwa kuti D'zata, zvisaririra zveizvi zvakaziviswa National Monument. Muunganidzwa waMapungubwe muunganidzwa wemyuziyamu inowanikwa panzvimbo yezvinocherwa mumatongo uye unochengeterwa muChikuvamazuro che Mapungubwe[C 1] muPiritori. Vavhenda vanogovana dzinza neValobedu neVakalanga, pamusoro pezvo vane hukama nemapoka eSotho-Tswana uyeVashona
Hameno kuti zita rechiVhenda rakabva kupi. Imwe shanduro inoti Vasenzi paakagara munyika ye Vangona vakadanana nemamiriro ekunze uye nharaunda ndokudaidza nzvimbo iyi kuti Vhenda zvichireva kuti pakanaka nzvimbo. Imwe vhezheni inoti vaVangona vaireva dzinza rose reKaranga-Rozvi rakagara munyika yavo kutiVhavannda (outsiders). Izvi zvakazoshatiswa kuVavhenda, uye nzvimbo yavaigara yakanzi Vhenda. Rondedzero yechitatu inoti Vhenda raive zita ramambo Vangona uye kuti vanhu vake vaizivikanwa sevaVavhenda (vaVhenda).
Vavhenda vanhasi vazvarwa vemapoka mazhinji aiveheterogeneous uyemasinga akaita senge:
MuChivhenda
| MuChivanhu |
Rusinga rwe Vavhenda rwekutanga kugara muVhenda waive Vangona, pamusoro pezvo ndivo vanotendwa seVavhenda chaivo. Zvinofungirwa kuti vakagara muVhenda pakati pe 1000MK (AD) ne kupera kwe 1200MK (AD). Pasi peutongi hwaMahosi (madzishe) Raphulu (sn.Rapulu), Tshidziwelele (sn.Chidziwerere), Mudau (sn.Mudhau), uye Dewasi (sn.Dhewasi), Vhangona (sn.Vangona) vagari veruwa rinobvaMount Songowi kumadokero kusvika kuMount Tshitumbe kuma kumabvazuva.[2] Seboka rekutanga kugara muVhenda, Vangona ndivovakatumidza mazita enzvimbo, makomo, nzizi, zvikomo, nezvimwewo.
Rusinga rweVavhenda rwakatevera kunogara muVhenda raiveVanyai (ava vanogona kuva vamwechete neVanyai kana "Wanyai" weVashona ne Vakalanga "Banyai"). Vanyai vakagara mumabvazuva ese eVhenda.Mahosi makuru weVanyai waive Makahane, Nelombe uye Tshilowa.
Rusinga rechitatu reVavhenda rakagara muVhenda raive Vambedzi vakagara kuTshulu (Ha-Makuya), Mianzwi, Tshilavulu uye Makonde.Khosi mukuru wavo aive Luvhimbi aive nembiri nekuda kwemasimba ekukonzera kunaya.
Rusinga rwechina uye rukuru rweVavhenda kugara muVhenda raive reVatavatsindi (Vhe.Vhatavhatsindi) waive nemapoka aisanganisa Vhakwevho (sn.Vakwevo) ne Vhafamadi (sn.Vafamadhi). Vakwevo vakagara muLwandili, Luonde ne Luvhola, asi Vafamadhi vakagara mu Ha-Mashau.Mahosi mukuru weVatavatsindi waive Matidze, Nethengwe uye Manenzhe.
Rusinga rwechishanu raive Vhalea (sn. Valea) ne Vhatwamamba kana Vhatwanamba (sn.Vatwamamba/Vatwanamba), vakagara muMusina, Mapungubwe uye Ha-Tshivhula.Khosi mukuru waso aive Tshivhula.
Boka rekupedzisira kugara muVhenda raive Vhasenzi (kar. Vasenzi) ava vaive vedzinza reMakaranga uye vaisanganisa Masingo neVhalaudzi (Valaudzi) ne Vhandalamo (Vandalamo). Vakange vakabatanidzana neVaremba vainziMajudha particularlyVashemu (kana Vasemiti) (kureva vanhu vedzinza raShemu mwanakomana waNoa munhoroondo).
Vangona, Vanyai, Vambedzi, Vatavatsindi, Valea uye Vatwamamba vainge vakazvimirira kusvikira pavakazokundzwa pasi paDyambeu weVasenzi kugadzira dhidhizha rimwechete rakanziVavhenda.Mambo Dyambeu ndiye anonzitateguru weMavhenda uye anonziMambo wekutanga weVavhenda. Izvi zvinorevawo kuti Vavhenda vane hukama neVakaranga pakati poVashona vose.
Vasenzi nemamwe masinga akagara muVhenda pakufamba penguva vakapedzisira sanganiswa neVangona, tsika dzawo uye mitauro dzavo dzakashanduka nenguba kufanana neChingona (Chivhenda). Hunhu, tsika uye maitiro evana veVasenzi hwakaita seveVangona ne Vambedzi zvikuru. Zvinotendwa kuti huwandu hwunosvika 85% hwemashoko eChivhenda chanyamusi hwunobva kuChingona chokudhara, asi Vasenzi vakapamaitiro avo echiKaranga akawanda.
Zvichindera nenhoroondo ye Vavhenda yokurevwa, Madzimambo eVasingo (Vakaranga zve) waive nengoma yeupipi yainziNgomalungundu (kana Ngoma inotinhira). Yaive ngoma yakakosha kakuru yaMwari, uyo Mwari Mukuru weVasenzi. Ngomalungundu yaivepfumo nenhoo ye Vasenzi. Mambo wavo aitendwa kunzi aita mashave nengoma iyi uye kuti aive ne upipi uye masimba ekuuraya. Nekutya Ngomarungundu, mamwe mapoka akasarenda kana kutiza masimba ekuuraya eVasingo.
Vangona (Vavhenda chaivo) vakatya ngoma iyi; vaitenda kuti yaive Izwi raMwari Mukuru wavo, Raluvhimba. Dumidzo remutungo kana Mambo weVangona ainziThovhele (kurevaTovera), asi Vasenzi seVakakaranga vaidana vatongi vawo kutiMambo (kusvika nhasi Makaranga vachiri kushandisa izwi rokuti Mambo). Matumidzo aya aipesaniswa pakushandiswa, asi rakararama ndi Thovhele.
Vasingo vakaramba vane rimwe dumidzo ravoChangamire, raishandiswa kududza mutongizve, we Chikurawadyembeuwu, ikashandurwa kunzi Vele-la-mbeu. Vakashandura chidao chaMwari, Sororezhou kuriitadumidzo, Thohoyandou.
Nhasi zvakaoma kuwana munhu anoda kubvuma kuti muzvarwa weVangona. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa nekuti vakundi vaizvidza Vangona vachivati varoyi. Saka zvakatonyadzisa kuti munhu atore nhaka you uNgona, zvekuti munhu wese akabva atanga kuzviti maMuvhenda. Asi ruzhinji rwevaVavhenda ndiVangona. Vanhu vazhinji vane nhaka ye Vangona vanokwanisa kuzivikanwa nemazita edzinza ravo nemazita emhuri ayo anotanga ne chivakamberi “Ne” (sekuti Nevondo, Nenzhelele, Nedzanani, Nevhutalu, Nemadzivhanani, Neluvhola, Neluonde, Netshitenzhe, Nengwekhulu, nezvimwewo). Chivakamberi chokuti “Ne” chinongoreva mutongi/ muridzi we. Semuenzaniso, Neluvhola zvinoreva mutongi/muridzi weLuvhola. Mazita mazhinji echiVhenda anotanga na“Ne”.
Vechivanhu vekwaVangona vakatambira vakundi nekuvapa ruremekedzo. Vatungamiri vechivanhu vakasiyana veVangona vakaramba vaine masimba munzvimbo dzavanotonga. Ivo, zvakadaro, ikozvino varipa mutero kuna Mambo weVasingo.
Pane ma vhezheni akasiyana eNhoroondo yeVasenzi, mamwe mavhezheni anoenderana neNhoroondo ye Vakaranga (nevanhu vemadzinza echiShona).