Chishona (kanaChistandadhi Shona,Chivanhu),mutauro (uyeboka remitauro) weChibantu inowanikwa kuChamhembe che Afurika munyika dzinosanganisaZimbabwe kwairi mutauro wechihofisi uye wo,Mozambiki,Zambia,Afurika Chamhembe neBhotswana. Chishona chinemitauro zhinji iripedyo nayo uye nimtauro nyina inosanganisaChindau,Chikorekore,Chikaranga,Chimanyika,Chibuja (Chibudya),Chitewe,Chitawara (Chitavara). Zvakadaro zvakafanira kuti tionesane kuti kune vamwe vatauri vasingafare kuti vanzi vari muboka remutauro weChishona - ivava vanoona mitauro yavo semitauro yakazvimirira yoga isiri pasi peChishona.
Chishona chinehukama huri pedyo neChikalanga,Chivhenda neChinambya nokuda kwokuti mitauro yaitarwa ne vanhu vaive (uye vachiine) hukama huri pedyo.
N'wadhi renganonyorwa rekutanga rakanyorwa mugore ra1957 naSolomon Mutswairo rinonziFeso.
Vanhu vakaronga kuti Chishona chive chinonyoreka ndiClement Doke naGeorge Glynn Fortune.
Kune kusa wirirana kwemanyorerwo emutauro weChishona zvichibva pakuti vatauri vazhinji vari kutadza kubvuma kuvake kwemashoko madiki akaita sekunge anotevera aya: ku, pa, ma, va, aka, zvichingo daro. Zvakafanana nekuvapo kwemashoko anengeI, of, is, for paChirungu. Semuenzaniso, ndima yechipiri kubva kumusoro yaifanira kunyorwa ichiti, "Zvakadaro zvava kufanira kuti tiwonesane kuti kune vamwe vatauri".
Tika kwanisa kunyora tichidai zvinoitanyore kunevanodaka kunyora zvose nekusikamapurogiramu kanasvofutiwari[C 1] kana maAphu[C 2] ekuturukira mutauro wedu weChishona.
Bumbiro remabhi eChishona (kana Chivanhu) rine mapoka maviri ezvinyoreswa,Zvinzvovera kanaMavaramwana (nge.vowels) neZvinzvanyira kanaMavaramai (nge.consonants). Mubumbiro remabhi eChishona mune zvinzvovera zvishanu (5) ne zvinzvovera zvikumimasere-nembiri (82), pasingasanganiswimatarabhi[C 3].
Somuenzaniso, 「Dh-」 inzvanyira rakazvimirira, asi 「Dhw-」 itarabhi rinovumbwa kubva pana 「Dh-」. Nokudaro, panoverengerwa 「Dh-」 sechinzvanyira, 「Dhw-」 hariverengerwe nekuti harisi nzvanyia rakazvimirira rineruzha rwaro pacharo, nokuti rinosanganisa zvinzvanyira zva 「Dh-」 na 「W-」uye rinogona kuumbwa nedzimwe nzira).
Zvinzvovera zve Chishona zvishanu basi, mukunyorwa pachitodzwaUmbamukeruro[C 4] ichatsanangurwa pachikamu che zvinzvanyira, pane zvirakidzo zvinoshandiswa kurakidza zvinzvovera. Panonyorwa zvinzvovera kaviri panechirakidzo chinozivisa munyori nemuverengi kuti nzvovera ranyorwa richaverengwa kaviri, chiratidzo ichi chakapuwa zita rokutiibhidurika. Semuenzaniso, 「-e-」 inzvovera rakazvimirira, pakunyorwa muChishona zvinzvovera hazvishanduriki kunyangwe zvikanyorwa zvichitevedzerana, senge「-ee-」 . Sokudaro, panonyorwa ne Umbamukeruro yakasikirwa Chishona panoshandiswa chiturikwa chinoiswa kurakidza kuti nzvovera ririkurebeswa / kutaurwa kaviri:ë =ee.
| Zvinzovera: | A | E | I | O | U |
|---|
| Zvinzvovera zviri: | aa | ee | ii | oo | uu |
| Muenzaniso: | ä | ë | i: | ö | ṳ |
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Tafura yepazasi iyi inotovedzeraUmbamukeruro ye Chivanhu yakagadzirwa asi isiri yechihofisi, umbamukeruro irikutevedzerwa inopatsanura Chivanhu ne zvinzvovera uye nezvinzvanyira zvayo sezvinogaro itwa. Asi, inosiyana nekeruro ye Chiratini inoshandiswa pakuti yakadzidza Chivanhu nokuronga keruro yekunyoresa inonanganisana nemabhii anonzwiwa muChivanhu sezvakaita mimwe mitauro yepasirose. Keruro iyi, inoronga zvinzvanyira kutevedzera manzwi anotoodzerana senge 「Ch-」na 「J-」zvichidaro, manzwi iwayo anodanwa sokunzimabhiihwaro[C 5], nokuti zvimwe zvivarwa zvemabhii anoumbwa achisanganisa mabhihwaro nemabhiidurika[C 6], sengekuti 「Ch- 」na 「W-」zvinovumba 「Chw- 」. Apa Ch- ibhihwaro, W- ibhidurika, chakakosha kuranganira kuti Mabhihwaro ne Mabhidurika zvinzvanyira, asi zvimwe zvinonyorwa sechivarwa chizere zvimwe zvichiwedzerwa sechiturikwa senge kudai:ph = p̄. P ibhihwaro -h ndibhidurika, bhihwaro rinonyorwa, asi bhidurika rinoratidzwa nechivara chekuturika. Patafura yepazasi, zvose mabhihwaro ne mabhidurika acharatidzwa nokuti pano parikungotaura nezvekeruro yamazuvaose yeChivanhu asi ichinyorwa kutodza mutandira weumbamukeruro yatsanangurwa pamusoro.
| Mabhihwaro | Mabhidurika | | Mabhihwaro | Mabhidurika |
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| +H | +W (-ua) | +Y (ia) | | | +H | +W (-ua) | +Y (ia) |
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| B | | Bw | | | P | | Pw | |
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| BH | | Bhw | | PH | | Phw | |
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| BV | Bvh | Bvw | | PF | Pfh | Pfw | |
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| BZV(Chimanyika) | | Bzvw | | PSV(Chimanyika) | | Psvw | |
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| BG, (BẊ, BKĠ) | | Bgw | | PẊ (PKĠ) | Pẋh (Pkġh) | Pẋw (Pkġw) | |
|---|
| C(Ndau ne Karanga) | Ch = "Cc" | Cw | | X(Ndau ne Karanga) | Xh | Xhw, Xw | |
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| CH | Chh | Chhw, Chw | | J | Jh | Jhw, jw | Jy |
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| D | Dh = "Dd" | Dw | | Q(Ndau ne Karanga) | Qh | Qhw, Qw | |
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| DH | | Dhw | Dhy | T | Th | Thw, Tw | Thy |
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| DHL(Ndau ne Karanga) | | Dhlw | | THL(Ndau ne Karanga) | | Thlw | |
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| DY | Dyh | Dyhw, Dyw | | TY | Tyh | Tyhw, Tyw | |
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| DZ | Dzh | Dzhw, Dzw | | TS | Tsh | Tshw, Tsw | |
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| DZV | Dzvh | Dzvhw, Dzvw | | TSV | Tsvh | Tsvhw, Tsvw | |
|---|
| DV | | Dvw | | TV | | Tvw | |
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| F | Fh | Fw | | VH | | Vhw | |
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| W | | | | V | | Vw | |
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| H | Hh | Hhw, Hw | Hy | Ẋ / KĠ | Ẋh / Kġh | Pẋw / Kġw | |
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| G | Gh | Ghw, Gw | Gy | K | Kh | Khw, Kw | Ky |
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| [KL] | Klh | Klw | | [KR] | Krh | Krw | |
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| Y | Yh | | | N' | N'h | N'hw, N'w | N'y |
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| M | Mh | Mhw, Mw | | N | Nh | Nhw, Nw | |
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| MB | Mbh | Mbhw, Mbw | |
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| MV | Mvh | Mvw |
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| MN' | Mn'h | Mn'w | | | NYN' | Nyn'h | Nyn'w | |
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| NY | Nyh | Nyhw, Nyw | |
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| NJ | Njh | Njhw, Njw | Njy | | NZV | Nzvh | Nzvhw, Nzvw | |
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| ND | Ndh | Ndhw, Ndw, Ndyw | Ndy | NTH(kubva kuChindau) | | Nthw | |
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| NDHL(Ndau ne Karanga) | | Ndhlw | | NTHL(kubva kuChindau) | | Nthlw | |
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| NG | Ngh | Nghw, Ngw | | NKH(kubva kuChindau) | | Nkhw | |
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| NS | | Nsw | | NZ | Nzh | Nzhw, Nzw | |
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| NC(Chindau) | Nch = "Ncc" | Nccw, Nccw | | N'C(Chindau) | N'ch = "N'cc" | N'ccw, N'cw | |
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| NX(Chindau) | Nxh | Nxhw, Nxw | | N'X(Chindau) | N'xh | N'xhw, N'xw | |
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| NQ(Chindau) | Nqh | Nqhw, Nqw | | N'Q(Chindau) | N'qh | N'qhw, N'qw | |
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| GC(Chindau) | Gch = "Gcc" | Gccw, Gcw | | GX(Chindau) | Gxh | Gxhw, Gxw | |
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| GQ(Chindau) | Gqh | Gqhw, Gqw | | QX(Chindau) | Qxh | Qxw | |
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| L | Lh | Lw | | R | Rh | Rhw, Rw, Ryw | Ryw |
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| S | Sh = "Ss" | Ssw, Sw | | Z | Zh = "Zz" | Zzw, Zw | |
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| SH | Shh | Shhw, Shw | | ZH | Zhh | Zhhw, Zhw | |
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| SK | Skh | Skhw, Skw | |
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| SP | Sph | Spw |
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| ST | Sth | Stw |
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| SV | Svh | Svhw, Svw | | | ZV | Zvh | Zvhw, Zvw | |
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| SVC(kubva kuChikaranga) | Svcc | Svcw | | ZVC(kubva kuChikaranga) | Zvcc | Zvcw | |
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| HL | | Hlw | | TẊ, TKĠ) | | Tẋw / Tkġw | |
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Pamusoro peizvo, mamwe mabhi anonyorwa nezvirakidzo, senge mabhi anoridzwa senge zv-, sv-, dzv- zvichidaro, anezvirakidzo zvinowedzerwa kurakidzwa kuti mabhi ekuridza.
Mabhii eRatini akagadziridzwa kuStandadhi Shona anoratidzaka se zviri pazasi:
Mabhii eChiShona| A | B | BH | CH | D | DH | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | M | N | N' | O | P | R | Rh | S | T | U | V | VH | W | Y | Z | Zh |
|---|
Standadhi Shona hayinaC,L,XneQ,nekuti yakaumbwa nemabhi echiZezuru.C,X uye Q mumitauro ye Bhandu inozivikanwa semabhii e Kudzvanya, uye muStandadhi Shona kudzvanya kunoonekera zvakareuruka muzvinzvanyira zvakaita saD. Zvakadaro, rangarirai kuti kunyangwe hazvo zvinzvanyirwa zvataugwa nezvazvo zvisingawanikwe muStandadhi Shona zvirimo mumimwe mitauro ye Shona, senge chiNdau, Chikorekore uye Chikaranga. Chimanyika uye Chizezuru ndiwo mitauro viri yeChishona isina zvinzvanyira C, X na Q.
MukunyoraChindau,Chikaranga neChikorekore chinoshandisa mabhi anoshandiswa ku Standadhi Shona kunyangwe achinzwika zvakasiyana. Chishona chese chinodaro futi, pakazhinji mataurirwo eshoko anogona kusiyana nemanyorerwo aro nekuti hapana nzira yekusiyanisa. Muenzano, zvinzvanyira zvakaita sa:
- b na bh, d na dh, m na mh, mb na mbh, n' na n'h, ny na ny'
ne mamwe wo anokwanisa kusiyanaswa, asi
- h na hh, nd na ndh, ng na ngh, k na kh, p na ph, t na th, r na rh (dzimwe nguva)
haakwanise kusiyaniswa kunyangwe pakutauro inzwi dzakasiyaniswa.
Tarisai peji re:Vandau uyeChindau
Mandau vanhu veChishona, vane hukama huri pedyo ne Samanyika uye Vakaranga, munhoorondo yavo zvinozivikanwa kuti Vandau vakasvikirwa ne MaGaza Nguni, vamwe vaka tandanidzwa vamwe vakagarisana navo. Pakugarisana Vandau vapedzisira vane mazita eChinguni, nekuda kweizvi mabhi anengeL,C,X na Q anowanikwa muChindau zvishoma mugirama asi pakazhinji anowanikwa mumazita avo.[1] Muchindau munhu anonzimunthu kanamundu.
Mabhi anowanikwa muChindau asiri muChistandadhi shona:
- kh khw, gq ngq, h hh, ch chh, nt, nth, rh rhy, q qh, x xh, hl hlw, nhl, nx nc nq ndhl, dhl, mhl mp ml,
Mumitauronyina ye Chikaranga L anowanikwa uye anoshandiswa achipesaniswa na R. Senge kurima/kulima kana kulisa/kurisa.
Uyezve hl, dhl na tl vanoshandiswa zve.
- Kutyisa mumimwe mitauronyinsa anotaurwa sakutlisa,
- Kudya kunonzikudhla
Mazwi anowanikwa muChikaranga ne mitauro nyina asingawanikwe muChistandadhi shona:
- l lw, hl hlw, dhl, tl, ndl, mbg bg, nt ndy ndyw, mp
Shona yakamboshandisa Keruro yeChiarabhu.[2]
Rangarirai kuti Shona haicha shandisi Keruro yeChiarabhu, yaishandiswa kudhara uye zvaisava kwenguva yakareba.[2]
Chishona chakafanana neChiswahiri saka mabhii acho aka fanana, uye mamwe mashoko acho akafanana (Vaswahiri vanoting'ombe uye Isu tinotin'ombe tese tichirevacow). Nekuti mabhii emitauro iyi akafanana mabhii eSwahiri eChiarabhu anogona kushandiswa semuenzaniso wemabhii eChishona muChiarabhu.
Kubva muna 1931 kusvika 1955, Chishona chakabatanidzwa yakanyorwa iine mabhii akagadzirwa na muzvinafundo Purofesa/Pwafesa Clement Martyn Doke. Izvi zvaisanganisira tsamba dzinotevera:
- ɓ (b ane haka),
- ɗ (d ane haka),
- ŋ (n ane gumbo),
- ȿ (s ane muskwe weswashi),
- ʋ (v ane haka),
- ɀ (z ane muskwe weswashi).
Mabhii eChishona| Mabhii anhasi | A | B | BH | CH | D | DH | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | M | N | | N' | O | P | R | Rh | S | T | U | V | VH | W | Y | Z |
|---|
| Mabhii ekare | | ɓ | b | c | ɗ | d | | f | g | h | | j | k | m | n | nn | ng' | | p | l | r | s | t | | ʋ | v | w | y | z |
|---|
Mabhii eChishona| Mabhii anhasi | A | BH | BV | BW | CHW | DH | DY | DZ | E | GW | HW | HY | I | KW | MB | MH | MV | MW | ND | NG | NH | NJ | NW | NY | NZ |
|---|
| Mabhii ekare | | b | | bg | cw | d | dy | dz | | gg | hw | | | kw | mb | mh | | mŋ | nd | ŋg | nh | nj | | ny | |
|---|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Mabhii anhasi | O | PW | PF | PY | RW | RY | SH | SV | SW | TS | TW | TY | U | VH | ZH | ZV | ZW | | N'W | | | | | | |
|---|
| Mabhii ekare | | px | pf | | rw | | sh | ȿ | sw | ts | | ty | | | zh | ɀ | | | | | | | | nny | |
|---|
Mabhii eChishona| Mabhii anhasi | A | DZV | DZW | E | MBH | MBW | NDY | | NDW | NGW | NHW | NJW | NYW | NZV | NZW | ZHW | TSV | TSW | O | ZHW |
|---|
| Mabhii ekare | | dɀ | dzw | | mbh | mbg | ndy | nndy | | ŋgw | nhw | | | nɀ | nzw | zhw | tȿ | tsw | | zhw |
|---|
- MaZulu vanotiintshonalanga (n. The west. Lit. where the sun sets.Shona + Ilanga).
- ↑MacGonagle, Elizabeth. “Living with a Tyrant: Ndau Memories and Identities in the Shadow of Ngungunyana.”The International Journal of African Historical Studies, vol. 41, no. 1, 2008, pp. 29–53.JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40282455. Yakatariswa 10 Chivabvu 2021.
- ↑2.02.1owlapps, n.d,'Arabic script',Former Use: Africa; Shona Zimbabwe Yakatariswa: 5 Chikumi 2021
- ↑software., kurevasvofutiwari
- ↑App., Application., kurevaAphu, Aphurikesheni
- ↑digraph.,
- ↑constructed script..,
- ↑base letters; base sounds., base consonant letters or sounds...,
- ↑added consonant; added letter...,
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