TheWright brothers,Orville Wright (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) andWilbur Wright (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), designed, built, and flew the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-airairplane on December 17, 1903.[1] They had been experimenting for many years with gliders and other vehicles before their first poweredflight. They are also known for making the first way to steer an airplane. They designed theaircraft in Dayton, Ohio, and their first test flight was inKitty Hawk, North Carolina.
The Wrights grew up inDayton, Ohio. They were sons of aminister.[2] There were many books in their house, and they were encouraged to ask questions and discover whatever they thought was interesting. Sometimes their father would ask them to argue for a topic, then switch sides and argue for the opposite point of view.
They went to high school, but did not go to college; they started anewspaper instead.[3] After that, they started a shop to build and repairbicycles.[4]
“By the 1890s, the Wrights were interested in flight, especially thegliders ofOtto Lilienthal. They started working on making airplanes in their bicycle shop.[5] They thought controlling a plane was one of the big problems of flight. Lilienthal and others had been killed when they could not control theiraircraft. The Wright brothers fixed the problem by inventing control surfaces, such as arudder that would work in the air. They built wings that could be twisted a little[6] and moved up and down slightly, to control flight. They called this steering systemwing-warping.
From 1900 to 1902, they built gliders in Dayton and tested them in Kitty Hawk, where there were strong and steady winds. They also made small versions of the wings and built a wind tunnel formodel airplanes to test how well different wing shapes would lift an airplane.”
In 1903, they built a powered airplane that hadpropellers and a small engine. TheWright Flyer airplane first flew successfully onDecember 17,1903, nearKitty Hawk, North Carolina.[2] This was the first time people ever flew a powered airplane they could control. Before that, people flew in balloons or gliders or, for a very short time, in planes they could not control. The two brothers continued to make changes to their design and had a very good plane by 1905.
Picture of the first flight with Orville Wright at the controls and Wilbur Wright running beside it.
The Wright Brothers kept their discovery largely secret for a couple of years, until they showed it to the world in 1908[7] (They had filed a patent on their steering system March 23, 1903.)[8]
After that, they started a company to build airplanes. They had a patent war withGlenn Curtiss, filing lawsuits against each other over who really invented the airplane steering system. The Wrights believed that Curtiss'aileron system was too similar to their own steering system and that he had copied them. During the patent war, Wilbur died. Orville continued working to keep his reputation as the first man to fly. Later he sold the airplane company and became an elder statesman of aviation. He died in 1948.
