West Virginia is astate in theAppalachian region of theUnited States. Itscapital and largest city isCharleston. It is often abbreviatedW. Va. or simplyWV. About 1,800,000 people live in the state.
West Virginia is bordered byPennsylvania to the north, byOhio to the north and west, byKentucky to the west, byMaryland to the north and east, and byVirginia to the east and south. TheOhio andPotomacRivers form parts of the boundaries.
Before theAmerican Civil War, the western part of Virginia practicedslavery as part of the state of Virginia. Slaves, at firstNative American but increasingly brought fromAfrica in theslave trade, were forced to growtobacco, minecoal, and be personalservants. Many slaves were rented from owners in other parts of the state to work in the mines. With land that was poor for growingcotton, slavery was less important than in other parts of Virginia. In the 19th century, white people kept slaves in order to earn money by selling them to Deep South states likeTexas,Louisiana, andGeorgia.[6]
West Virginia was admitted into the union as a slave state in 1863. Slavery was abolished after the war, andConfederate veterans voted out the politicians who passed the laws.[6]
West Virginia was once a part of Virginia. At the beginning of the American Civil War, Virginia and the other southern statesseceded from the United States, which means they chose to not be a part of it anymore.[7] Slaves were fewer in the west than in other parts, and those in West Virginia who were against slavery were not objecting onmoral grounds.[7] They saw it as bad for free labor.[7] While slavery was an issue in other parts of Virginia, in the western counties the issues weretaxation and being governed from a state capital that was far away.[7] The people in Western Virginia had far more in common with their neighboring states ofPennsylvania andOhio than with theCommonwealth of Virginia.[7] So this was an area ofUnion support.[7]
On June 20, 1863, West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state of the United States.[8] But it was not an easy process. There had been some discussion of the area becoming a state since the early 1800s.[9] It took three conventions atWheeling from 1861 to 1863.[9] The process divided friends and communities.[9]
Statehood was not universally accepted in West Virginia. While there were no large scale battles, there was a good deal ofguerilla warfare in attempts toundermine the new government.[9] Confederates raided into West Virginia trying to terrorize the citizens. Despite Confederate efforts to topple the state government, Washington provided both economic and political support. Union military successes outside the state helped keep the state government in power. After the war there were bitter resentments between those for and against statehood.[9] Virginia even tried to force West Virginia back into becoming a part of Virginia again in 1871.[source?] But West Virginia remained asovereign state despite the efforts.[9]
West Virginia is often called the "Mountain State" because it is entirely within the Appalachian Mountain Range, and there are many hills and mountains throughout the state. The highest one is Spruce Knob, which is 4,863 feet above sea level. There are many rivers, including the Ohio, the Potomac, the Kanawha, and the Monongahela.
