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Tokugawa shogunate

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Tokugawa shogunate
徳川幕府
1603–1868
Flag of Tokugawa shogunate
Flag
Mon of Tokugawa family of Tokugawa shogunate
Mon of Tokugawa family
Location of Tokugawa shogunate
CapitalEdo
Government
• Emperor
Go-Yōzei (first)
Meiji (last)
• Shōgun
Tokugawa Ieyasu (first)
Tokugawa Yoshinobu (last)
Establishment
• Battle of Sekigahara
21 October 1600[1]
• Shogunate established byTokugawa Ieyasu
1603
3 January 1868
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Azuchi–Momoyama period
Tokugawa clan
Empire of Japan
Republic of Ezo
The Tokugawa Shogunate had its center inEdo castle.

TheTokugawa shogunate, also known as theTokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府), and theEdo bakufu (江戸幕府), was afeudalJapanese militarygovernment.[2] The heads of government were theshoguns.[3] Each was a member of theTokugawa family.[4]

These years are known as theEdo period. The period takes its name from the city where the Tokugawa shoguns lived.[5] This time is also called theTokugawa period[2] or pre-modern (Kinsei).[6]

History

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Before the Tokugawa shogun was thesengoku era. During this time, many people controlled small land areas.Oda Nobunaga began to join these small areas. After he died in 1582,Toyotomi Hideyoshi took over for him.[7] Hideyoshi died in 1598.[7] When he died, the people under him fought for control. The last battle in this was theBattle of Sekigahara whereTokugawa Ieyasu won.

Tokugawa Ieyasu needed permission from theEmperor of Japan to take control. The emperor gave him this permission, making him theShogun, in 1603. He established a military government inEdo, nowTokyo.[2] He won against his last enemies in 1615 at theBattle of Osaka Castle.[8]

The Tokugawa ruled in peace until the middle of the 1800s.[8] During this time period, much of commonJapanese culture was created. This includes highliteracy rates,kabuki theater, theJapanese tea ceremony,sumo wrestling,woodblock printing, andsushi.[8]

The Tokugawa shogunate ended with theBoshin civil war. Instead of choosing a new shogun, EmperorMeiji ruled directly. The changes he made are named theMeiji Restoration.[9]

Structure

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The Tokugawa government is sometimes known as the bakuhan system because it had two parts. The first part was the bakufu, the shogun's government. The second part was the hans. Hans were small areas of land led bydaimyo leaders. The shogun did not control minor events in hans.

List of the Tokugawa shoguns

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  1. Tokugawa Ieyasu, r. 1603–1605[10]
  2. Tokugawa Hidetada, r. 1605–1623[4]
  3. Tokugawa Iemitsu, r. 1623–1651[4]
  4. Tokugawa Ietsuna, r. 1651–1680[11]
  5. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, r. 1680–1709[12]
  6. Tokugawa Ienobu, r. 1709–1712[11]
  7. Tokugawa Ietsugu, r. 1713–1716[2]
  8. Tokugawa Yoshimune, r. 1716–1745[12]
  9. Tokugawa Ieshige, r. 1745–1760[11]
  10. Tokugawa Ieharu, r. 1760–1786[4]
  11. Tokugawa Ienari, r. 1787–1837[11]
  12. Tokugawa Ieyoshi, r. 1837–1853[2]
  13. Tokugawa Iesada, r. 1853–1858[11]
  14. Tokugawa Iemochi, r. 1858–1866[11]
  15. Tokugawa Yoshinobu, r. 1866–1867[13]

Related pages

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References

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Thehollyhocksymbol of the Tokugawa family.
  1. ↑"The Story of the Battle of Sekigahara". Retrieved2021-05-28.
  2. 12345Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 978.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  3. ↑Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. pp. 878–879.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  4. 1234Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 976.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  5. ↑Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 167.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  6. ↑Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 525.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  7. 12Huffman, James L. (2010). "Peace--And Its Benefits (1550-1850)".Japan in world history. The new Oxford world history. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-536808-6.
  8. 123Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (2021).Voices of early modern Japan: contemporary accounts of daily life during the age of the Shoguns (2nd ed.). Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge. p. xxiii.ISBN 978-0-367-42793-1.
  9. ↑Walthall, Anne; Steele, M. William (2016-12-30).Politics and Society in Japan's Meiji Restoration: A Brief History with Documents.ISBN 9781319054120.
  10. ↑Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. pp. 977–978.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  11. 123456Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 977.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  12. 12Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 979.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
  13. ↑Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. pp. 979–780.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.

Other websites

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Media related toTokugawa Shoguns at Wikimedia Commons

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