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Template:Cite book

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Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See alsoSpecific-source templates
Wrapper templates

ThisCitation Style 1 template is used to createcitations for books. When citing an article in a periodical, use{{cite journal}} or{{cite magazine}}. For conference papers, use{{cite conference}}. For edited collections, use{{cite encyclopedia}}. For theses, use{{cite thesis}}.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as|isbn= have upper-case aliases like|ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, thenpurge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
To cite a book with a credited author
{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}
To cite a book with no credited author
{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}
To cite an online book that has been archived
{{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date=}}
To cite a book written in a foreign language
{{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn=}}
To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language book re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
{{cite book |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |url-access= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote=}}


Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= <!-- or pages= --> |isbn=}}


Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editor-last3= |editor-first3= |editor-link3= |editor-last4= |editor-first4= |editor-link4= |editor-last5= |editor-first5= |editor-link5= |display-editors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |editor-mask3= |editor-mask4= |editor-mask5= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |translator-last3= |translator-first3= |translator-link3= |translator-last4= |translator-first4= |translator-link4= |translator-last5= |translator-first5= |translator-link5= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |translator-mask3= |translator-mask4= |translator-mask5= |others= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access= |chapter-format= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |title-link= |url= |url-status= |url-access= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |edition= |publication-place= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |hdl-access= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmc-embargo-date= |pmid= |rfc= |sbn= |ssrn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |mode= |postscript= |ref=}}

Full parameter set in vertical format
ParametersPrerequisitesBrief instructions / notesVertical list
last1Author's last name or single name author. Don't link.
{{cite book |last1                = |first1               = |author-link1         = |last2                = |first2               = |author-link2         = |last3                = |first3               = |author-link3         = |last4                = |first4               = |author-link4         = |last5                = |first5               = |author-link5         = |display-authors      = |author-mask1         = |author-mask2         = |author-mask3         = |author-mask4         = |author-mask5         = |editor-last1         = |editor-first1        = |editor-link1         = |editor-last2         = |editor-first2        = |editor-link2         = |editor-last3         = |editor-first3        = |editor-link3         = |editor-last4         = |editor-first4        = |editor-link4         = |editor-last5         = |editor-first5        = |editor-link5         = |display-editors      = |editor-mask1         = |editor-mask2         = |editor-mask3         = |editor-mask4         = |editor-mask5         = |translator-last1     = |translator-first1    = |translator-link1     = |translator-last2     = |translator-first2    = |translator-link2     = |translator-last3     = |translator-first3    = |translator-link3     = |translator-last4     = |translator-first4    = |translator-link4     = |translator-last5     = |translator-first5    = |translator-link5     = |display-translators  = |translator-mask1     = |translator-mask2     = |translator-mask3     = |translator-mask4     = |translator-mask5     = |others               = |name-list-style      = |date                 = |year                 = |orig-date            = |chapter              = |script-chapter       = |trans-chapter        = |chapter-url          = |chapter-url-access   = |chapter-format       = |title                = |script-title         = |trans-title          = |title-link           = |url                  = |url-status           = |url-access           = |format               = |type                 = |series               = |language             = |volume               = |edition              = |publication-place    = |location             = |publisher            = |publication-date     = |page                 = |pages                = |at                   = |no-pp                = |arxiv                = |asin                 = |asin-tld             = |bibcode              = |bibcode-access       = |biorxiv              = |citeseerx            = |doi                  = |doi-access           = |doi-broken-date      = |eissn                = |hdl                  = |hdl-access           = |isbn                 = |ismn                 = |issn                 = |jfm                  = |jstor                = |jstor-access         = |lccn                 = |mr                   = |oclc                 = |ol                   = |ol-access            = |osti                 = |osti-access          = |pmc                  = |pmc-embargo-date     = |pmid                 = |rfc                  = |sbn                  = |ssrn                 = |s2cid                = |s2cid-access         = |zbl                  = |id                   = |archive-url          = |archive-date         = |access-date          = |via                  = |quote                = |script-quote         = |trans-quote          = |quote-page           = |quote-pages          = |mode                 = |postscript           = |ref                  =}}
first1last1Author's first name. Don't link.
author-link1last1Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link.
last2last1Likelast1, but for 2nd author.
first2last2Likefirst1, but for 2nd author.
author-link2last2Likeauthor-link1, but for 2nd author.
last3last2Likelast1, but for 3rd author.
first3last3Likefirst1, but for 3rd author.
author-link3last3Likeauthor-link1, but for 3rd author.
last4last3Likelast1, but for 4th author.
first4last4Likefirst1, but for 4th author.
author-link4last4Likeauthor-link1, but for 4th author.
last5last4Likelast1, but for 5th author. Similar: last6, etc.
first5last5Likefirst1, but for 5th author. Similar: first6, etc.
author-link5last5Likeauthor-link1, but for 5th author. Similar: author-link6, etc.
display-authorslast1Number (number of authors displayed) oretal (more authors)
author-mask1last1SeeDisplay options below; not for lists of cited works
author-mask2last2
author-mask3last3
author-mask4last4
author-mask5last5
editor-last1may also use "editor-last"
editor-first1editor-last1may also use 'editor-first"
editor-link1editor-last1may also use "editor-link"
editor-mask1editor-last1
display-editors
translator-last1Likelast1, but for translator
translator-first1translator-last1Likefirst1, but for translator
translator-link1translator-last1Likeauthor-link1, but for translator
translator-last2translator-last1Likelast1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-last3, etc.
translator-first2translator-last2Likefirst1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-first3, etc.
translator-link2translator-last2Likeauthor-link1, but for 2nd transl. Similar: translator-link3, ...
display-translatorstranslator-last1Likedisplay-authors, but for translators
translator-mask1translator-last1SeeDisplay options below; not for lists of cited works
translator-mask2translator-last2
name-list-stylelast2Set toamp orampersand to separate the last author with" &"; set toand to separate with" and"
others
date
year
orig-datedate or year
chapterThis should be the title of the chapter cited. Do not wikilink "chapter" if "chapter-url" is provided
script-chapter
trans-chapterchapter or script-chapter
chapter-urlchapter or script-chapter
chapter-formatchapter-url
title
script-title
trans-titletitle or script-title
title-link
urltitle or script-title
url-statusarchive-url
url-accessurl
formaturl
type
series
language
volume
editionOrdinal number
publication-placepublisher
locationpublishercan be used for written-at location when "publication-place" is used for publication place
publisher
publication-date
pagechoose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
pageschoose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text.
atchoose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
no-pppage or pagesset no-pp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers
arxiv
asin
asin-tldasin
bibcode
biorxiv
citeseerx
doi
doi-broken-datedoi
eissn
hdl
isbnalways include ISBN, if one has been assigned
issn
ismn
jfm
jstor
lccn
mr
oclc
ol
osti
pmc
pmc-embargo-datepmc
pmid
rfc
sbn
ssrn
s2cid
zbl
id
archive-urlarchive-date, url
archive-datearchive-url
access-dateurl
via
quote
script-quote
trans-quote
quote-pagechoose one: "quote-page", "quote-pages"
quote-pageschoose one: "quote-page", "quote-pages". Use when quote contains contents from multiple pages.
modecs1 orcs2
postscript
ref
If a field name is listed in thePrerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

Title

  • {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book}}
Mysterious Book.

Title and year

  • {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book |date=1901}}
Mysterious Book. 1901.

Basic usage (single author)

  • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}
Bloggs, Joe (1974).Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage (two authors)

  • {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Bloggs |first2=Fred |author-link2=Fred Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}
Bloggs, Joe;Bloggs, Fred (1974).Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage with url (and access-date) and edition

  • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs |edition=1st |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}
Bloggs, Joe (1974).Book of Bloggs (1st ed.). RetrievedFebruary 17, 2006.

Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor

  • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |date=January 1, 2001 |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors |publisher=Book Publishers |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family |isbn=}}
Bloggs, Fred (January 1, 2001). "Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family". In Doe, John (ed.).Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110.

Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor

  • {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |last2=Egg |first2=Fred |date=January 1, 2001 |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |orig-date=1st pub. 1986 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There |chapter-url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn= |name-list-style=amp}}
Bloggs, Joe & Egg, Fred (January 1, 2001) [1st pub. 1986]."Chapter 6: Getting There". In Doe, John (ed.).Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110.

Three authors, title with a piped wikilink, edition

  • {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Smith |first2=John |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |title=[[A Thousand Acres|1000 Acres]] |edition=2nd}}
Bloggs, Joe; Smith, John; Smythe, Jim.1000 Acres (2nd ed.).

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (without volume and lastauthoramp)

  • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2007 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3}}
Playfair, I. S. O.; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E. (2007) [1st pub.HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press.ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (with volume and lastauthoramp)

  • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2007 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East |volume=I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |name-list-style=amp}}
Playfair, I. S. O.; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2007) [1st pub.HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).Mediterranean and Middle East. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press.ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Date without day, wikilinked title, publisher, pages, edition, location

  • {{cite book |last1=Cordell |first1=Bruce R. |last2=Grubb |first2=Jeff |last3=Noonan |first3=David |date=September 2001 |title=[[Manual of the Planes]] |edition=3rd |publisher=Wizards of the Coast |location=Renton, Washington |isbn=0-7869-1850-0 |pages=134–137}}
Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001).Manual of the Planes (3rd ed.). Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 134–137.ISBN 0-7869-1850-0.

Other language

  • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Jean |date=1974 |title=Livre de Bloggs |edition=1st |language=French |trans-title=Book of Bloggs |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}
Bloggs, Jean (1974).Livre de Bloggs[Book of Bloggs] (in French) (1st ed.). RetrievedFebruary 17, 2006.

Using aDOI

  • {{cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |author-link=David Mumford |date=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X}}
Mumford, David (1999).The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag.doi:10.1007/b62130.ISBN 354063293X.

Using author-mask parameter

  • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |name-list-style=amp}}
Playfair, I. S. O.; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) [1st pub.HMSO:1954].Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press.ISBN 1-845740-65-3.
  • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F. C. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-66-1 |name-list-style=amp |author-mask=2}}
——; Flynn, F. C.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) [1st pub.HMSO:1954].Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press.ISBN 1-845740-66-1.
  • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F. C. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Gleave |first4=T. P. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Sir James |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-67-X |name-list-style=amp |author-mask=2}}
——; Flynn, F. C.; Molony, C. J. C. & Gleave, T. P. (2004) [1st pub.HMSO:1954].Butler, Sir James (ed.).The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press.ISBN 1-845740-67-X.

Using display-authors parameter

  • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |display-authors=1}}
Playfair, I. S. O.; et al. (2004) [1st pub.HMSO:1954].Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press.ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR:parent2—may be used instead ofparent
    • child—may be used withparent (and is ignored ifparent is not used)
    • OR:child2—may be used instead ofchild (and is ignored ifparent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.


COinS

This template embedsCOinS metadata in the HTML output, allowingreference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.SeeWikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use|date=27 September 2007 not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example&nbsp;,&ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

  • |periodical=,|journal=,|newspaper=,|magazine=,|work=,|website=,|encyclopedia=,|encyclopaedia=,|dictionary=
  • |chapter=,|script-chapter=,|contribution=,|script-contribution=,|entry=,|script-entry=,|article=,|script-article=,|section=,|script-section=
  • |title=,|script-title=,|book-title=
  • |publication-place=,|place=,|location=
  • |date=,|year=,|publication-date=
  • |series=,|version=
  • |volume=,|issue=,|number=
  • |page=,|pages=,|at=,|quote-page=,|quote-pages=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=,|institution=
  • |url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|section-url=
  • |author-last=,|author-last#=,|author#-last=,|author-surname=,|author-surname#=,|author#-surname=,|last=,|last#=,|surname=,|surname#=,|author=,|author#=,|subject=,|subject#=,|host=,|host#=
  • |author-first=,|author-first#=,|author#-first=,|author-given=,|author-given#=,|author#-given=,|first=,|first#=,|given=,|given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=,|bibcode=,|biorxiv=,|citeseerx=,|doi=,|eissn=,|eprint=,|hdl=,|isbn=,|issn=,|jfm=,|jstor=,|lccn=,|message-id=,|mr=,|oclc=,|osti=,|pmc=,|pmid=,|rfc=,|ssrn=,|s2cid=,|zbl=

What's new

What's new or changed recently
ParameterDescriptionDate
|author-given=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|author-first=October 2020
|author-surname=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|author-last=October 2020
|display-subjects=added alias for|display-authors= for usage with|subject=October 2020
|interviewer-given=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|interviewer-first=October 2020
|interviewer-surname=added aliases (including enumerated forms) for|interviewer-last=October 2020
|orig-date=added canonical form for alias|orig-year=October 2020
|quote-page=added single page specifier for|quote=October 2020
|quote-pages=added multiple pages specifier for|quote=October 2020
|sbn=added identifier parameter forStandard Book NumbersApril 2020
|script-quote=added non-Latin script text facility for|quote=October 2020
|subject-mask=added aliases (including enumerated forms) to|author-mask= for usage with|subject=October 2020
|s2cid=added identifier parameter forSemantic Scholar corpus IDApril 2020
|s2cid-access=added access-icon parameter for|s2cid=April 2020
|title-link=added special tokensnone/doi/pmc to override/disable auto-linking ({{cite journal}} only)October 2020
|trans-quote=added translated text facility for|quote=October 2020
accept-this-as-written-markupadded for|doi=,|eissn=,|isbn=,|issn=,|sbn=October 2020


Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
Deprecated parameterReplace withDate
none deprecated at present


Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
Removed parameterReplace withDate
|authorfirst=|author-first=October 2020
|authorfirstn=|author-firstn=October 2020
|authornfirst=|authorn-first=October 2020
|authorgiven=|author-given=October 2020
|authorgivenn=|author-givenn=October 2020
|authorngiven=|authorn-given=October 2020
|authorlast=|author-last=October 2020
|authorlastn=|author-lastn=October 2020
|authornlast=|authorn-last=October 2020
|authormask=|author-mask=January 2021
|authormaskn=|author-maskn=January 2021
|authornmask=|authorn-mask=January 2021
|authorsurname=|author-surname=October 2020
|authorsurnamen=|author-surnamen=October 2020
|authornsurname=|authorn-surname=October 2020
|booktitle=|book-title=May 2021
|chapterurl=|chapter-url=May 2021
|conferenceurl=|conference-url=April 2021
|contributionurl=|contribution-url=April 2021
|deadurl=yes|url-status=deadSeptember 2019
|dead-url=yes|url-status=deadSeptember 2019
|displayauthors=|display-authors=January 2021
|displayeditors=|display-editors=October 2020
|doi-broken=|doi-broken-date=October 2020
|doi-inactive-date=|doi-broken-date=October 2020
|editorfirst=|editor-first=October 2020
|editorfirstn=|editor-firstn=October 2020
|editornfirst=|editorn-first=October 2020
|editorgiven=|editor-given=October 2020
|editorgivenn=|editor-givenn=October 2020
|editorngiven=|editorn-given=October 2020
|editorlast=|editor-last=October 2020
|editorlastn=|editor-lastn=October 2020
|editornlast=|editorn-last=October 2020
|editorlink=|editor-link=January 2021
|editorlinkn=|editor-linkn=January 2021
|editornlink=|editorn-link=January 2021
|editors=|editor= (one editor) or|editorn= (more than one editor) or|veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting|editorn= into|editor-firstn= and|editor-lastn=, if possible. Consider|editor-maskn=, if annotation is required.January 2021
|editorsurname=|editor-surname=October 2020
|editorsurnamen=|editor-surnamen=October 2020
|editornsurname=|editorn-surname=October 2020
|editormask=|editor-mask=October 2020
|editormaskn=|editor-maskn=October 2020
|editornmask=|editorn-mask=October 2020
|embargo=|pmc-embargo-date=October 2020
|episodelink=|episode-link=May 2021
|event-format=(delete)January 2021
|eventurl=(delete)January 2021
|event-url=(delete)January 2021
|ignoreisbnerror=|isbn=((<isbn>))October 2020
|ignore-isbn-error=|isbn=((<isbn>))January 2021
|interviewerlink=|interviewer-link=October 2020
|interviewerlinkn=|interviewer-linkn=October 2020
|interviewernlink=|interviewern-link=October 2020
|interviewermask=|interviewer-mask=October 2020
|interviewermaskn=|interviewer-maskn=October 2020
|interviewernmask=|interviewern-mask=October 2020
|last-author-amp=|name-list-style=ampJanuary 2021
|lastauthoramp=|name-list-style=ampJanuary 2021
|laydate=|lay-date=April 2021
|laysource=|lay-source=April 2021
|layurl=|lay-url=April 2021
|mailinglist=|mailing-list=May 2021
|mapurl=|map-url=May 2021
|name-list-format=|name-list-style=April 2021
|nocat=|no-tracking=January 2021
|no-cat=|no-tracking=October 2020
|nopp=|no-pp=May 2021
|notracking=|no-tracking=October 2020
|publicationdate=|publication-date=May 2021
|publicationplace=|publication-place=May 2021
|registration=|url-access=registrationJanuary 2020
|sectionurl=|section-url=April 2021
|serieslink=|series-link=May 2021
|seriesno=|series-number=April 2021
|seriesnumber=|series-number=January 2021
|series-separator=(delete)October 2020
|subjectlink=|subject-link=January 2021
|subjectlinkn=|subject-linkn=January 2021
|subjectnlink=|subjectn-link=January 2021
|subscription=|url-access=subscriptionJanuary 2020
|timecaption=|time-caption=April 2021
|titlelink=|title-link=April 2021
|transcripturl=|transcript-url=May 2021

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, uselast or one of its aliases (e.g.|author=Bono). Aliases:surname,author,last1,surname1,author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orFirstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. Aliases:given,first1,given1. Requireslast; first name will not display iflast is empty.
    • OR: for multiple authors, uselast1,first1 throughlastn,firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (eachfirstn requires a correspondinglastn, but not the other way around).See thedisplay parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases:surname1,given1 throughsurnamen,givenn, orauthor1 throughauthorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use|first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:author-link1,author1-link,authorlink.
    • OR: for multiple authors, useauthor-link1 throughauthor-linkn. Aliases:author1-link throughauthorn-link.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set toamp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names indoubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link andauthor-mask may be used for the individual names in|vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias oflast.
  • contributor-last: (book cites only) surname of the author ofcontribution (which is required). Aliases:contributor-surname,contributor1,contributor1-last,contributor-last1.
    • contributor-first: Given or first names of contributor. Do not wikilink—usecontributor-link instead. Aliases:contributor-given,contributor1-first,contributor-first1.
    • OR: for multiple contributors, usecontributor-last1,contributor-first1 throughcontributor-lastn,contributor-firstn wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of contributors (eachcontributor-firstn requires a correspondingcontributor-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases:contributor1-last,contributor1-first throughcontributorn-last,contributorn-first, orcontributor1 throughcontributorn.
    • contributor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:contributor-link1,contributor1-link.
    • OR: for multiple contributors, usecontributor-link1 throughcontributor-linkn. Aliases:contributor1-link throughcontributorn-link.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-surname,translator1,translator1-last,translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-given,translator1-first,translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-last1,translator-first1 throughtranslator-lastn,translator-firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (eachtranslator-firstn requires a correspondingtranslator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases:translator1-last,translator1-first throughtranslatorn-last,translatorn-first, ortranslator1 throughtranslatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:translator-link1,translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-link1 throughtranslator-linkn. Aliases:translator1-link throughtranslatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requiresauthor,last, orvauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, writeIllustrated by John Smith.
  • Note: When usingshortened footnotes orparenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Date

  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required whenyear is used to disambiguate{{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the publisher.For acceptable date formats, seeHelp:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
For approximate year, precede with "c.", like this:|date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use|date=n.d.
Automatic date formatting:Citation Style 1 and2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in date parameters (|date=,|access-date=,|archive-date=, etc.) in the style specified by the article's{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter isdiscouraged; use the more flexible|date= parameter instead unlessboth of the following conditions are met:
    1. The|date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    2. The citation requires aCITEREFdisambiguator.
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after thedate (oryear). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:|orig-date=First published 1859 or|orig-date=Composed 1904. As|orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by|df= (or, if it exists in the article, by|cs1-dates= of a{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the|date= parameter. Alias:orig-year
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. ↑Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.SeeMOS:DATEUNIFY.

Title

(See alsoHelp:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article orurl may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. Ifscript-title is defined,title holds aRomanization of title inscript-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined intitle. May be prefixed with anISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets aftertitle; ifurl is defined, thentrans-title is included in the link. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline[]|
space&#91;&#93;{{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}}&#124; or{{pipe}} –see alsoHelp:Table § Rendering the pipe
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named intitle – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias:titlelink.
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keywordnone can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples:Thesis,Booklet,Accepted manuscript,CD liner,Press release. Alias:medium.


  • chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may usechapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes.
    • script-chapter: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined inchapter. Should be prefixed with anISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after thechapter field; ifchapter-url is defined, thentrans-chapter is included in the link. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
  • language: A comma-separated list of the languages in which the source is written, as either theISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name, e.g.|language=fr, pt-br or|language=French, Portuguese.See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory ofCategory:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, use of language codes is preferred so that languages render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of 'Spanish'. Aliases:lang

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. Thepublisher is thecompany,organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Donot use thepublisher parameter for the name of awork (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishesThe New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays aftertitle.
  • place: For news stories with adateline, that is, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias:location
  • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place; examples:The Boston Globe,The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or at the time of the source's publication. If only one ofpublication-place,place, orlocation is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; ifpublication-place andplace orlocation are defined, thenplace orlocation is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" andpublication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only ifdate (oryear) are defined and only if different, elsepublication-date is used and displayed asdate. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Followspublisher; ifwork is not defined, thenpublication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
  • via: Name of the content deliverer (ifdifferent frompublisher).via is not a replacement forpublisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g.NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.See theaccess level parameters to display access restrictions.

Edition, series, volume

  • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so|edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
  • series orversion: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
  • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after thetitle andseries fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

In-source locations

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Displays preceded byp. unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12 to|pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias:p.
  • OR:pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp. unless|no-pp=yes.
    Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use|at=, like this:|at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias:pp.
    • no-pp: Set toyes,y, ortrue to suppress thep. orpp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover or|pages=passim.
  • OR:at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by|page= or|pages=. Use only one of|page=,|pages=, or|at=.
    Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
  • For|quote-page= and|quote-pages= used in conjunction with|quote=, seehere.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named bytitle can be found. Cannot be used iftitle is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.#ixzz2rBr3aO94 or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=....For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, seeWP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such asAmazon; use|isbn= or|oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to byurl was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requiresurl; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1]Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example,access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; seeWP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note thataccess-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Can behidden or styled by registered editors. Alias:accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of anarchived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such asInternet Archive(seeWikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine),WebCite(seeHelp:Using WebCite) andarchive.today(seeHelp:Using archive.today); requiresarchive-date andurl. By default (overridden by|url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Alias:archivedate.
      • url-status: this optional parameter is ignored ifarchive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is|url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set|url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set|url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting|url-status=unfit or|url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but|url= and|archive-url= are still required).
      • archive-format: File format of the work referred to byarchive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using|format=|Using|format=]]
    • url-access:SeeAccess indicators for url-holding parameters
  • format: File format of the work referred to byurl; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses aftertitle. (For media format, usetype.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using|format=|Using|format=]]

URLs must begin with a supportedURI scheme.http:// andhttps:// will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://,gopher://,irc://,ircs://,mailto: andnews: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs incitation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to bepercent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by%20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Characterspace"'<>[]{|}
Encoding%20%22%27%3C%3E%5B%5D%7B%7C%7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. 12Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.SeeMOS:DATEUNIFY.

Chapter URL

  • chapter-url: URL of an individual chapter of online source. Should be at the same site asurl, if any. Ifchapter-url is used,url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site.chapter may be wikilinked orchapter-url used, but not both. Aliases:chapterurl,contribution-url,section-url.
  • chapter-format: Format of the work referred to bychapter-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses afterchapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

Anchor

  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,|ref=ID generates an anchor with the givenID (theid= attribute in the citation's<citeid="ID"> HTML tag). Setting|ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allowswikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations likeshortened notes andparenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{{sfn}} and{{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting shouldnot be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none. Aliases: none.SeeTemplate:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

  • id: Aunique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use anexternal link template as applicable. For example,|id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={{NCJ|122967}} to appendNCJ122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.|rfc=822 or|pmc=345678.

  • arxiv:arXividentifier; for example:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:eprint.
  • asin:Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character ofasin value is a digit, useisbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example|asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases:ASIN.
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:ae,au,br,ca,cn,de,es,fr,in,it,jp,mx,nl,pl,sa,se,sg,tr,uk. Aliases: none.
  • bibcode:bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
  • biorxiv:bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g.10.1101/078733 forhttp://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 orhttps://doi.org/10.1101/078733;10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 forhttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
  • citeseerx:CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.10.1.1.176.341 forhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
  • doi:Digital object identifier; for example:10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases:DOI.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid DOIs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
    • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive athttps://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
  • eissn:International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|eissn=1557-2986. Aliases:EISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid eISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • hdl:Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example|hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases:HDL.
  • isbn:International Standard Book Number; for example:978-0-8126-9593-9.(SeeWikipedia:ISBN andISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, usesbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid ISBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • ismn:International Standard Music Number; for example:979-0-9016791-7-7.Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISMN.
  • issn:International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|issn=2049-3630. Aliases:ISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid ISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • jfm:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example|jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases:JFM.
  • jstor:JSTOR reference number; for example:|jstor=3793107. Aliases:JSTOR.
  • lccn:Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example|lccn=79-57364 or|lccn=2004042477 or|lccn=e09001178. Aliases:LCCN.
  • mr:Mathematical Reviews; example|mr=630583. Aliases:MR.
  • oclc:OCLC Number for looking up publications in theWorldCatunion catalog; example|oclc=9355469. Aliases:OCLC.
  • ol:Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example|ol=7030731M. Aliases:OL.
  • osti:Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example|osti=4367507. Aliases:OSTI.
  • pmc:PubMed Central; use article number foropen repository full-text of a journal article, e.g.|pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value.See also thepmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMC.
    • pmc-embargo-date: Date thatpmc goes live; if this date is in the future, thenpmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
  • pmid:PubMed; use unique identifier; example|pmid=17322060See also thepmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMID.
  • rfc:Request for Comments; example|rfc=3143. Aliases:RFC.
  • sbn:Standard Book Number; example|sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases:SBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid SBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • ssrn:Social Science Research Network; example|ssrn=1900856. Aliases:SSRN.
  • s2cid:Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example|s2cid=37220927. Aliases:S2CID.
  • zbl:Zentralblatt MATH; example|zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02 use|jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases:ZBL.

In very rare cases,valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=,|eissn=,|isbn=,|issn=, and|sbn=) support a specialaccept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as|<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify theaccess status using the corresponding|<param>-access= parameter.

For{{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when|url= and|title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for|title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or|title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a linkidentical to a link also produced by an identifier. The|url= parameter (or|title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or aconvenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. Ifscript-quote is defined, usequote to hold aRomanization (if available) of the text inscript-quote.
    • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inquote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
  • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in|quote=. Use either|quote-page= or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in|page=,|pages= or|at=. Displays preceded byp. unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
  • OR:quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in|quote=. Use either|quote-page= or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in|pages= or|at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded bypp. unless|no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|quote-pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Editors

  • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply useeditor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases:editor-last1,editor1-last,editor-surname,editor-surname1,editor1-surname,editor,editor1.
    • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
    • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orDr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Aliases:editor-first1,editor1-first,editor-given,editor-given1,editor1-given.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-last1,editor-first1 througheditor-lastn,editor-firstn (Aliases:editorn-last,editor-surnamen oreditorn-surname;editorn-first,editor-givenn oreditorn-given;editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use|editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=....
    • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:editor-link1.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-link1 througheditor-linkn (aliaseditorn-link).
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set toamp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.
  • veditors: comma separated list of editor names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names indoubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • editor-linkn andeditor-maskn may be used for the individual names in|veditors=, as described above
  • Display:
    Usedisplay-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
    If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
    If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."


Lay summary

These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.

  • lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
    • lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
    • lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
    • lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to bylay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using|format=]]

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented inVerifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant toverifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

  • access indicator for named identifiers:
    • Freely accessiblefree: the source is free to read for anyone (from the viewpoint of the provider of the source– could still be blocked by client-side filtering or safeguarding, or distributor-based geoblocking)
  • access indicators for url-holding parameters:
    • Free registration requiredregistration: a free registration with the provider of the source is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
    • Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally requiredlimited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views, a restriction to certain day or night times, or providing the contents only to certain IP ranges/locales on behalf of the provider of the source) to freely access this source as a whole
    • Paid subscription requiredsubscription: the source as a whole is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall"), even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without subscription

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Online sources linked by|url=,|article-url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|entry-url=,|map-url=, and|section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked asfree.

URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
URLAccessAllowed keywords
|url=|url-access=registrationFree registration required
limitedFree access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required
subscriptionPaid subscription required
|article-url=|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=|entry-url-access=
|map-url=|map-url-access=
|section-url=|section-url-access=

    For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

    {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

    which renders as:

    "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.
    Access indicator for named identifiers

    Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked aslimited,registration, orsubscription.

    Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
    IdentifierAccessAllowed keywords
    |bibcode=|bibcode-access=freeFreely accessible
    |doi=|doi-access=
    |hdl=|hdl-access=
    |jstor=|jstor-access=
    |ol=|ol-access=
    |osti=|osti-access=
    |s2cid=|s2cid-access=

    Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

    • |arxiv=
    • |biorxiv=
    • |citeseerx=
    • |pmc=
    • |rfc=
    • |ssrn=

    For embargoedpmc that will become available in the future, seepmc-embargo-date.

    TemplateData

    SeeTemplate:Cite book/TemplateData.

    Citation tools

    General
    templates
    {{Cite book}}
    books
    {{Cite conference}}
    conference papers
    {{Cite encyclopedia}}
    edited collections
    {{Cite interview}}
    interviews
    {{Cite journal}}
    academic journals and papers
    {{Cite magazine}}
    magazines
    {{Cite mailing list}}
    public mailing lists
    {{Cite map}}
    maps
    {{Cite news}}
    news articles
    {{Cite newsgroup}}
    online newsgroups
    {{Cite press release}}
    press releases
    {{Cite report}}
    unpublished reports
    {{Cite sign}}
    signs, plaques
    {{Cite speech}}
    speeches
    {{Cite techreport}}
    technical reports
    {{Cite thesis}}
    theses
    {{Cite web}}
    web sources
    Preprint templates
    Audiovisual-related
    Categories
    Documentation
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    Help for beginners
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    Template documentation
    Tools
    Deprecated

    This template producesCOinS metadata; seeCOinS in Wikipedia for background information.

    The abovedocumentation istranscluded fromTemplate:Cite book/doc.(edit|history)
    Editors can experiment in this template'ssandbox(edit|diff) andtestcases(edit) pages.
    Add categories to the/doc subpage.Subpages of this template.
    TemplateData
    This is theTemplateData for this template used byTemplateWizard,VisualEditor and other tools.See a monthly parameter usage report forTemplate:Cite book in articlesbased on its TemplateData.

    TemplateData for Cite book

    This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.

    Template parameters[Edit template data]

    This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

    ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
    URLurlURL

    The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..."

    Example
    https://books.google.com/books?id=...
    		Stringoptional
    Titletitle

    The title of the book; displays in italics

    		Stringrequired
    Title linktitle-linktitlelinkepisode-linkepisodelink

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

    		Page nameoptional
    Last namelastlast1authorauthor1author1-lastauthor-lastsurname1author-last1subject1surnameauthor-lastsubject

    The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    		Stringsuggested
    First namefirstgivenauthor-firstfirst1given1author-first1author1-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    		Stringsuggested
    Vancouver style author listvauthors

    If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses

    Example
    Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
    		Stringoptional
    Last name 2last2author2surname2author-last2author2-lastsubject2

    The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    		Stringoptional
    First name 2first2given2author-first2author2-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 3last3author3surname3author-last3author3-lastsubject3

    The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 3first3given3author-first3author3-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 4last4author4surname4author-last4author4-lastsubject4

    The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 4first4given4author-first4author4-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 5last5author5surname5author-last5author5-lastsubject5

    The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 5first5given5author-first5author5-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 6last6author6surname6author-last6author6-lastsubject6

    The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 6first6given6author-first6author6-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 7last7author7surname7author-last7author7-lastsubject7

    The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 7first7given7author-first7author7-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 8last8author8surname8author-last8author8-lastsubject8

    The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 8first8given8author-first8author8-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Last name 9last9author9surname9author-last9author9-lastsubject9

    The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

    		Stringoptional
    First name 9first9given9author-first9author9-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

    		Stringoptional
    Collaborationcollaboration

    Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list.

    		Stringoptional
    Datedateair-dateairdate

    Full date of the source; do not wikilink

    		Dateoptional
    Workworkjournalwebsitenewspapermagazineencyclopediaencyclopaediadictionarymailinglist

    Name of the work in which the cited book text is found

    		Stringoptional
    Publisherpublisherdistributorinstitutionnewsgroup

    Name of the publisher; displays after title

    		Stringsuggested
    Othersothers

    Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

    		Stringoptional
    Year of publicationyear

    Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

    		Stringsuggested
    ISBNisbnISBN13isbn13ISBN

    International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

    		Stringsuggested
    Ignore ISBN Errorignore-isbn-error

    True if ISBN Errors should be ignored.If set, page will be added to a maintenance category "CS1 maint: Ignored ISBN errors".

    		Booleanoptional
    Editor last nameeditor-lasteditoreditor-surnameeditor-last1editor-surname1editor1editor1-lasteditor1-surname

    The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

    		Unknownoptional
    Editor first nameeditor-firsteditor-giveneditor-first1editor-given1editor1-firsteditor1-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

    		Unknownoptional
    Link for editoreditor-linkeditorlinkeditor-link1editor1-linkeditorlink1editor1link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Editor maskeditor-maskeditormaskeditormask1editor1-maskeditor-mask1editor1mask

    Replaces the name of the first editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Vancouver style editor listveditors

    Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses

    Example
    Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
    		Stringoptional
    Editors listeditors

    Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged

    		Unknowndeprecated
    Editionedition

    When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'

    		Stringoptional
    Series identifierseriesversion

    Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal

    		Stringoptional
    Volumevolume

    For one publication published in several volumes

    		Stringoptional
    Location of publicationlocationplace

    Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place

    		Stringsuggested
    Place of publicationpublication-placepublicationplace

    Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

    		Stringoptional
    Publication datepublication-datepublicationdate

    Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

    		Stringoptional
    Pagepagep

    The number of a single page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both

    		Stringoptional
    Page(s) citedpagespp

    A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both

    		Stringsuggested
    No ppnopp

    Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

    		Stringoptional
    Atat

    May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

    		Stringoptional
    Languagelanguagein

    The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last nametranslator-lasttranslatortranslator-last1translator1translator1-last

    The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first nametranslator-firsttranslator1-firsttranslator-first1

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.

    		Stringoptional
    Script titlescript-title

    For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

    		Stringoptional
    Translated titletrans-titletrans_title

    An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

    		Stringoptional
    Chapterchaptercontributionentryarticlesection

    The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last

    		Stringoptional
    Script Chapterscript-chapter

    Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script

    Example
    ja:東京タワー
    		Stringoptional
    Translated chaptertrans-chaptertrans_chapter

    An English language chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

    		Stringoptional
    Typetypemedium

    Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

    		Stringoptional
    Formatformat

    Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

    		Stringoptional
    arXiv identifierarxivARXIVeprint

    An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

    		Stringoptional
    arXiv Classclass

    Cite arXiv identifiers

    		Stringoptional
    ASINasinASIN

    Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

    		Stringoptional
    ASIN TLDasin-tld

    ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

    		Stringoptional
    Bibcodebibcode

    Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

    		Stringoptional
    biorXivbiorxiv

    biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

    		Lineoptional
    CiteSeerXciteseerx

    CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

    		Lineoptional
    DOIdoiDOI

    Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

    		Stringoptional
    EISSNeissnEISSN

    International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space.

    Example
    2009-0048
    		Stringoptional
    Handle System identifierhdlHDL

    Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet

    		Stringoptional
    ISMNismnISMN

    International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional.

    Example
    979-0-9016791-7-7
    		Stringoptional
    ISSNissnISSN

    International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

    		Stringoptional
    jfm codejfm

    Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

    		Stringoptional
    JSTORjstorJSTOR

    JSTOR identifier

    		Stringoptional
    LCCNlccnLCCN

    Library of Congress Control Number

    		Stringoptional
    MRmrMR

    Mathematical Reviews identifier

    		Stringoptional
    OCLCoclcOCLC

    Online Computer Library Center number

    		Stringoptional
    OLolOL

    Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" at beginning of identifier

    		Stringoptional
    OSTIostiOSTI

    Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

    		Stringoptional
    PMCpmc

    PubMed Center article number

    		Stringoptional
    PMIDpmidPMID

    PubMed Unique Identifier

    		Stringoptional
    RFCrfc

    Request for Comments number

    		Stringoptional
    SSRNssrn

    Social Science Research Network

    		Stringoptional
    Zblzbl

    Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

    		Stringoptional
    ididID

    A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

    		Stringoptional
    Quotequotequotation

    Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

    		Stringoptional
    Refref

    An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

    		Stringoptional
    Name list formatname-list-format

    Accepts the single keyword 'vanc' to emulate Vancouver Style author / editor name-lists.

    		Stringoptional
    Modemode

    Sets separator and terminal punctuation to the style named in the assigned value; allowable values are: 'cs1' or 'cs2'

    		Stringoptional
    Postscriptpostscript

    The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

    Default
    .
    		Stringoptional
    Registrationregistration

    For online sources that require registration, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); superseded by subscription if both are set

    		Stringoptional
    Subscriptionsubscription

    For online sources that require subscription, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); supersedes registration if both are set

    		Stringoptional
    Author maskauthor-maskauthormaskauthormask1author1-maskauthor-mask1author1mask

    Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 2author-mask2authormask2author2-maskauthor2mask

    Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 3author-mask3authormask3author3-maskauthor3mask

    Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 4author-mask4authormask4author4-maskauthor4mask

    Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 5author-mask5authormask5author5-maskauthor5mask

    Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 6author-mask6authormask6author6-maskauthor6mask

    Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 7author-mask7authormask7author7-maskauthor7mask

    Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 8author-mask8authormask8author8-maskauthor8mask

    Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Author mask 9author-mask9authormask9author9-maskauthor9mask

    Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Display authorsdisplay-authorsdisplayauthors

    number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used

    		Numberoptional
    Author linkauthor-linkauthorlinksubjectlinksubject-linkauthorlink1author-link1author1-linksubjectlink1author1linksubject-link1subject1-linksubject1link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 2author-link2authorlink2author2-linksubjectlink2author2linksubject-link2subject2-linksubject2link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 3author-link3authorlink3author3-linksubjectlink3author3linksubject-link3subject3-linksubject3link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 4author-link4authorlink4author4-linksubjectlink4author4linksubject-link4subject4-linksubject4link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 5author-link5authorlink5author5-linksubjectlink5author5linksubject-link5subject5-linksubject5link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 6author-link6authorlink6author6-linksubjectlink6author6linksubject-link6subject6-linksubject6link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 7author-link7authorlink7author7-linksubjectlink7author7linksubject-link7subject7-linksubject7link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 8author-link8authorlink8author8-linksubjectlink8author8linksubject-link8subject8-linksubject8link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

    		Page nameoptional
    Author link 9author-link9authorlink9author9-linksubjectlink9author9linksubject-link9subject9-linksubject9link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

    		Page nameoptional
    URL access dateaccess-dateaccessdate

    The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

    		Stringoptional
    Original yearorig-yearorigyear

    Original year of publication; provide specifics

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of second editoreditor-last2editor-surname2editor2editor2-lasteditor2-surname

    The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of second editoreditor-first2editor-given2editor2-firsteditor2-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for second editoreditor-link2editor2-linkeditorlink2editor2link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for second editoreditor-mask2editormask2editor2-maskeditor2mask

    Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of third editoreditor-last3editor-surname3editor3editor3-lasteditor3-surname

    The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of third editoreditor-first3editor-given3editor3-firsteditor3-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for third editoreditor-link3editor3-linkeditorlink3editor3link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for third editoreditor-mask3editormask3editor3-maskeditor3mask

    Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of fourth editoreditor-last4editor-surname4editor4editor4-lasteditor4-surname

    The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of fourth editoreditor-first4editor-given4editor4-firsteditor4-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for fourth editoreditor-link4editor4-linkeditorlink4editor4link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for fourth editoreditor-mask4editormask4editor4-maskeditor4mask

    Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of fifth editoreditor-last5editor-surname5editor5editor5-lasteditor5-surname

    The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of fifth editoreditor-first5editor-given5editor5-firsteditor5-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for fifth editoreditor-link5editor5-linkeditorlink5editor5link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for fifth editoreditor-mask5editormask5editor5-maskeditor5mask

    Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of sixth editoreditor-last6editor-surname6editor6editor6-lasteditor6-surname

    The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of sixth editoreditor-first6editor-given6editor6-firsteditor6-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for sixth editoreditor-link6editor6-linkeditorlink6editor6link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for sixth editoreditor-mask6editormask6editor6-maskeditor6mask

    Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of seventh editoreditor-last7editor-surname7editor7editor7-lasteditor7-surname

    The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of seventh editoreditor-first7editor-given7editor7-firsteditor7-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for seventh editoreditor-link7editor7-linkeditorlink7editor7link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for seventh editoreditor-mask7editormask7editor7-maskeditor7mask

    Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of eighth editoreditor-last8editor-surname8editor8editor8-lasteditor8-surname

    The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of eighth editoreditor-first8editor-given8editor8-firsteditor8-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for eighth editoreditor-link8editor8-linkeditorlink8editor8link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for eighth editoreditor-mask8editormask8editor8-maskeditor8mask

    Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Last name of ninth editoreditor-last9editor-surname9editor9editor9-lasteditor9-surname

    The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

    		Stringoptional
    First name of ninth editoreditor-first9editor-given9editor9-firsteditor9-given

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

    		Stringoptional
    Link for ninth editoreditor-link9editor9-linkeditorlink9editor9link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor

    		Page nameoptional
    Mask for ninth editoreditor-mask9editormask9editor9-maskeditor9mask

    Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

    		Stringoptional
    Display Editorsdisplay-editorsdisplayeditors

    Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 2translator-last2translator2translator2-last

    The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 2translator-first2translator2-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 3translator-last3translator3translator3-last

    The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 3translator-first3translator3-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 4translator-last4translator4translator4-last

    The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 4translator-first4translator4-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 5translator-last5translator5translator5-last

    The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 5translator-first5translator5-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 6translator-last6translator6translator6-last

    The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 6translator-first6translator6-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 7translator-last7translator7translator7-last

    The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 7translator-first7translator7-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 8translator-last8translator8translator8-last

    The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 8translator-first8translator8-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator last name 9translator-last9translator9translator9-last

    The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator first name 9translator-first9translator9-first

    Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

    		Stringoptional
    Translator linktranslator-linktranslator-link1translator1-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 2translator-link2translator2-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 3translator-link3translator3-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 4translator-link4translator4-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 5translator-link5translator5-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 6translator-link6translator6-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 7translator-link7translator7-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 8translator-link8translator8-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Translator link 9translator-link9translator9-link

    Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.

    		Page nameoptional
    Chapter URLchapter-urlchapterurlcontribution-urlsection-urlcontributionurlsectionurl

    The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found

    		Stringoptional
    Format of Chapter URLchapter-formatcontribution-formatsection-format

    Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified.

    Example
    PDF, DOC, or XLS
    		Stringoptional
    DOI broken datedoi-broken-datedoi_brokendate

    The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

    		Stringoptional
    URL access levelurl-access

    Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

    		Stringoptional
    Archive URLarchive-urlarchiveurl

    The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'

    		Stringoptional
    Archive Formatarchive-format

    Format of the Archive

    		Stringoptional
    Archive datearchive-datearchivedate

    Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

    		Stringoptional
    Dead URLdead-urldeadurl

    If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live

    		Stringoptional
    Lay URLlay-urllay-summarylaysummarylayurl

    URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source

    		Stringoptional
    Lay sourcelay-sourcelaysource

    Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

    		Stringoptional
    Lay datelay-datelaydate

    Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

    		Stringoptional
    Last author ampersandlast-author-amplastauthoramp

    When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'

    		Stringoptional
    viavia

    Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher. Typically used for Ebooks.

    Example
    Open Edition, JSTOR
    		Stringoptional
    Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

    If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

    		Stringoptional
    DOI access leveldoi-access

    If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

    		Stringoptional
    HDL access levelhdl-access

    If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

    		Stringoptional
    Jstor access leveljstor-access

    If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

    		Stringoptional
    OpenLibrary access levelol-access

    If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

    		Stringoptional
    OSTI access levelosti-access

    If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

    		Stringoptional
    Issueissuenumber

    Issue number. This parameter is not supported by and should generally not be used with cite book. Consider that a different cite template may be more appropriate, such as cite magazine or cite journal. See Help:Citation_Style_1#Pages.

    		Stringoptional
    Coauthorcoauthor

    Coauthor

    		Stringdeprecated
    Coauthorscoauthors

    Coauthors

    		Stringdeprecated
    Authors listauthorspeoplehostcredits

    List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used.

    		Stringoptional
    City of Publicationcity

    Where published

    		Stringdeprecated
    Agencyagency

    Unusual in cite book. Use if an agency is needed in addition to publisher, etc.

    		Stringoptional
    Departmentdepartment

    Unusual in cite book.

    		Unknownoptional
    Date formatdf

    Sets rendered dates to the specified format

    		Stringoptional
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