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Russian Empire

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Russian Empire
Россійская Имперія
Российская Империя
Rossiyskaya Imperiya
1721–1917
Motto: "Съ нами Богъ!"
S' nami Bog! ("God is with us!")
Anthem: "Боже, Царя храни!"
Bozhe Tsarya khrani! (1833–1917)
("God Save the Tsar!")
     Russia in 1914     Lost in 1856–1914
     Spheres of influence     Protectorates[a]
Show globe
The Russian Empire on the eve of the First World WarShow map of Europe
Show all controlled
territories (1866)
CapitalSaint Petersburg[b]
(1721–1728; 1730–1917)
Moscow
(1728–1730)[2]
Largest citySaint Petersburg
Official languagesRussian French (widely used among the upper classes until the 19th century)[3]
Recognised languagesPolish,German (inBaltic provinces),Finnish,Swedish,Chinese (inDalian)
Religion
(1897)
Demonym(s)Russian
GovernmentUnitaryabsolute monarchy
(1721–1906)
Unitaryparliamentarysemi-constitutional monarchy[5]
(1906–1917)
Emperor 
 1721–1725 (first)
Peter I
 1894–1917 (last)
Nicholas II
 
 1810–1812 (first)
Nikolai Rumyantsev[c]
 1917 (last)
Nikolai Golitsyn[d]
LegislatureGoverning Senate[6]
State Council
(1810–1917)
State Duma
(1905–1917)
History 
10 September 1721
 Proclaimed
2 November 1721
4 February 1722
26 December 1825
3 March 1861
18 October 1867
Jan 1905 – Jul 1907
30 October 1905
 Constitution adopted
6 May 1906
8–16 March 1917
 Proclamation of theRepublic
14 September 1917
Area
1866[7][8]22,800,000 km2 (8,800,000 sq mi)
Population
 1897
125,640,021
CurrencyRussian ruble
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Tsardom of
Russia
Provisional Government
Russian Republic
1914 flag for private uses

TheRussian Empire, also known as theTsarist Russia,Tsarist Empire orImperial Russia, and sometimes simply asRussia,[e][f] was a country in Europe and Asia from November 1721 until its collapse in March 1917. It later became theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, orRussian SFSR, as part of theSoviet Union. By the late 19th century, it covered about22,800,000 km2 (8,800,000 sq mi), making it the third-largest empire in history.[source?]

Notes

[change |change source]
  1. Principalities ofMoldavia andWallachia in 1829–1856.
  2. In 1914, the city was renamedPetrograd to reflect anti-German sentiments of Russia duringWorld War I.[1]
  3. As Chairman of theCommittee of Ministers.
  4. As Prime Minister.
  5. Russian:Россійская Имперія,tr.Rossiyskaya Imperiya,IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə ɪmˈpʲerʲɪjə](listen);Российская Империя inmodern Russian spelling.
  6. Historiographically known asImperial Russia,Tsarist Russia,pre-revolutionary Russia, or simplyRussia.

References

[change |change source]
  1. "St. Petersburg through the Ages".St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved6 August 2022.
  2. "18th Century in the Russian History", Rusmania.Archived 19 March 2022 at theWayback Machine.
  3. The French Language in Russia(PDF). Amsterdam University Press. RetrievedApril 19, 2024.
  4. J. Coleman, Heather (2014).Orthodox Christianity in Imperial Russia: A Source Book on Lived Religion. Indiana University Press. p. 4.ISBN 9780253013187.After all, Orthodoxy was both the majority faith in the Russian Empire – approximately 70 percent subscribed to this faith in the 1897 census–and the state religion.
  5. Williams, Beryl (1 December 1994). "The concept of the first Duma: Russia 1905–1906".Parliaments, Estates and Representation.14 (2):149–158.doi:10.1080/02606755.1994.9525857.
  6. "The Sovereign Emperor exercises legislative power in conjunction with the State Council and State Duma".Fundamental Laws,"Chapter One On the Essence of Supreme Sovereign Power Article 7."Archived 8 June 2019 at theWayback Machine
  7. Rein Taagepera (September 1997)."Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia".International Studies Quarterly.41 (3):475–504.doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053.JSTOR 2600793.Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved28 June 2019.
  8. Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006)."East-West Orientation of Historical Empires".Journal of World-Systems Research.12 (2): 223.ISSN 1076-156X.Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved11 September 2016.
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