TheQur'an (Arabic:القُرْآنٌ) is the centralholybook ofIslam. The Qur'an is considered byMuslims to be "The Word ofAllah (God)". This book is believed to have been revealed to theprophetMuhammad by the angelGabriel. Some Muslims call it theFinal Testament.
For Muslims, the Qur'an is Allah's last revelation, the last in a chain of many revelations such as theTawrat (Torah), theZabur (Psalms), theInjeel (Gospel), theScrolls of Abraham, and theScrolls of Moses. It has been written and read only inArabic for more than 1,400 years. But, because many Muslims around the world do not understand Arabic, the meaning of the Qur'an is also given in other languages, so that readers can understand better what the Arabic words in the Qur'an mean. These books are likedictionaries to the Qur'an - they are not read as part of the religion of Islam, to replace the Arabic Qur'an. Muslims believe that these translations are not the true Qur'an; only the Arabic copy is the true Qur'an. Although Muslims recite Qur'an and try reading itwith translation.[1][2]
For most self-identified Muslims, the Qur'an is used with thehadith to interpretSharia law (Islamic holy law). It is by far the most important and authoritative document, however, and supersedes hadiths and all earlier revelations, such as theTorah and theBible.Saudi Arabia holds that the Qur'an is the country'sconstitution, although it is supplemented by more recent documents in modern Arabic.
Discover the definitive Surah to recite on Jumu'ah and access the complete methodology for observing the blessings of the holy Friday by readingSurah Al-Kahf.
For Shi'a Muslims, the Qur'an is used together with interpretations by special imams, especially such being a descendant from Muhammad's family, theAhl al-Bayt. Others use the Islamic methodology oftafsir al-Qur'an bi-l-Kitab (Arabic:تفسير القرآن بالكتاب), which refers to interpreting the Qur'an with/through the Bible.[3] This approach adopts canonical Arabic versions of the Bible, including the Tawrat and the Injil, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslimmufassirun (commentators) of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved biblical texts together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam bin al-Isbili ofAl-Andalus and Ibrahim bin Umar bin Hasan al-Biqa'i.[3]
The first chapter of the Qur'an. This page is written in Arabic
Muslims believe the Qur'an was first revealed to Muhammad by thearchangelGabriel in acave on themountain ofHira in Mecca, and then over a period of twenty-three years until hisdeath.
The Qur'an was not written all together in book-form whileMuhammad was alive; it was kept by oral communication and brief written records. The prophet did not know how to read nor write, but according to Muslims, the prophet's cousin Ali ibn abi Talib, among others, used to write the texts down whenMuhammad was alive. After prophetMuhammad died, Omar ibn Khattab, one of the khulafa u rashidan, compiled the quran into a single book.
There are 30 parts in the Qur'an, which make 114 "suras" (chapters). Each sura has a different number ofverses.
According to the Muslim teachings[source?], 87 of these suras revealed inMecca, 27 of these suras revealed inMedina. The suras which took place inMedina are Al-Baqara, Al Imran, Al-Anfal, Al-Ahzab, Al-Ma'ida, An-Nisa, Al-Mumtahina, Az-Zalzala, Al-Hadid, Muhammad, Ar-Ra'd, Ar-Rahman, At-Talaq, Al-Bayyina, Al-Hashr, An-Nasr, An-Nur, Al-Hajj, Al-Munafiqun, Al-Mujadila, Al-Hujraat, At-Tahrim, At-Taghabun, Al-Jumua, As-Saff, Al-Fath, At-Tawba, Al-Insan.
A Copy of The Quran at Museum Of Natural History NY
The verses of the Qur'an speak about many different topics. For example, the verses of chapter 80 (Abasa) speak about the evils of ableism, also called able-bodyism or ablecentrism. Or verse 2:15 speaks about the evils of being two-faced.[4]
Read (commencing) with the Name of Allah, Who has created (everything). He created man from a hanging mass (clinging) like a leech (in the mother’s womb). Read and your Lord is Most Generous, Who taught man (reading and writing) by the pen, Who (besides that) taught man (all that) which he did not know.[5]96: 1
The last verse revealed is:
Who believe! fulfil (all) obligations. Lawful unto you (for food) are all four-footed animals. Dead meat, blood,pig, any food which has been blessed by a (false)god other thanAllah; an animal whose death resulted fromstrangulation,bludgeoning, arrows, falling, or bloodloss; an animal which was partly consumed by a wild animal or an animal which is sacrificed on a stone altar are forbidden. However, if faced withstarvation, exceptions are allowed.
Probably the world's oldestfragments of the Koran have been found in thelibrary of theUniversity of Birmingham, inEngland.[6]Radiocarbon dating showed with aprobability of more than 95%, theparchment was from between 568 and 645AD. So themanuscript is at least 1,370 years old. It is the earliest, or among the earliest, in existence. The fragments are written inink on sheep or goat skin. They are mounted on a modern paper to help preserve them.[6]
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