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November 23

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

November 23 is the 327th day of the year(328th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 38 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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800–Charlemagne arrives atRome to examine the alleged crimes ofPope Leo III.
1174–Saladin entersDamascus.
1248– Spanish Reconquista: Christian troops underFerdinand III of Castile conquerSeville.
1510– First campaign of theOttoman Empire against the Kingdom of Imereti, present–day westernGeorgia.
1531– TheSecond War of Kappel results inSwitzerland'sProtestant Alliance dissolving.
1644–John Milton publishesAreopagitica, apamphlet againstcensorship.
1791– TheSnares Islands to the south ofNew Zealand are discovered.
1810–Sarah Booth has her first performance at theRoyal Opera House.
1863–American Civil War:Union forces led by GeneralUlysses S. Grant reinforce troops atChattanooga, Tennessee and counter–attackConfederate troops.
1889– The firstjukebox goes into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon inSan Francisco,California.
1890– KingWilliam III of the Netherlands dies. His death ends the sharedmonarchy between theNetherlands andLuxembourg. In the Netherlands, his daughterWilhelmina becomes Queen, withEmma of Waldeck and Pyrmont as regent. In Luxembourg, Grand DukeAdolphe becomes the nextmonarch.

1901– 2000

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1904– The1904 Olympics inSt. Louis officially end.
1910–Johan Alfred Ander becomes the last person to be executed inSweden before thedeath penalty becomes illegal there.
1914– TheUS Army retreats fromMexico.
1924–Edwin Hubble's discovery of theAndromeda Galaxy is first published in anewspaper. Previously, theMilky Way was thought to be the onlygalaxy in existence.
1936–Lifemagazine is re–published as aphotograph magazine and becomes an immediate success.
1939–World War II: GermanbattleshipsScharnhorst andGneisenau sink the Britishaid shipRawalpindi to the southeast ofIceland, killing 265 people.
1940–World War II:Romania officially joins theAxis Powers.
1942–World War II: British steamerTilawa is sunk in theIndian Ocean byJapanese U-boatI-29, killing 280 people.
1955– TheCocos Islands are transferred from the control of theUnited Kingdom toAustralia.
1959– GeneralCharles de Gaulle,President of France, declares in a speech inStrasbourg his vision for a "Europe, from theAtlantic to theUrals."
1961– Sturt's Desert Pea,Swainsona formosa, becomes the floral emblem ofSouth Australia.
1963– The first episode of the long–runningscience fiction television seriesDoctor Who, "An Unearthly Child", airs on theBBC.
1971– The representatives of thePeople's Republic of China first attended theUnited Nations, including theUnited Nations Security Council, asChina's representatives.
1974– SixtyEthiopian politicians,aristocrats,military officers and other persons areexecuted by the provisionalmilitary government.
1976–Jacques Mayol is the first man to reach a depth of 100meters undersea withoutbreathing equipment.
1978– Acyclone kills 1,000 people in EasternSri Lanka.
1980– A series ofearthquakes in southernItaly kills approximately 4,800 people.
1981–Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD–17), giving theCentral Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and supportContra rebels inNicaragua.
1985– Gunmen hijackEgyptAir Flight 648 while it is travelling fromAthens toCairo. When the plane lands inMalta, it is stormed by Egyptian commandos, though 60 people die in the raid.
1990– The first all–woman expedition to theSouth Pole (3 Americans, 1 Japanese and 12 Russians), sets off fromAntarctica on the 1st leg of a 70–day, 1287–kilometre ski trek.
1996– TheRepublic of Angola officially joins theWorld Trade Organization.
1996– A plane crash in theIndian Ocean near theComoros kills 125 people.

From 2001

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2001– TheConvention on Cybercrime is signed inBudapest.
2003–Eduard Shevardnadze resigns asPresident ofGeorgia.
2004–Tbilisi's Holy Trinity Cathedral is consecrated.
2005–Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is electedPresident ofLiberia, becoming Africa's first female President.
2006– A series ofbombings inSadr City,Iraq, kills at least 215 people.
2007–MS Explorer, a cruise liner carrying 154 people, sinks in theAntarctic Ocean south ofArgentina after hitting aniceberg near theSouth Shetland Islands.
2009– The Maguindanao massacre occurs on the island ofMindanao,Philippines.
2010–North Korea attacks Yeonpyeong Island, prompting a military response from neighbouringSouth Korea, in one of the fiercest exchanges since theKorean War.
2019– People in theautonomous island region ofBougainville start voting on whether they want to be an independent country or whether they want to gain more autonomy as part ofPapua New Guinea.

Births

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Up to 1900

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912–Otto I, Duke of theSaxons, King of theGermans andHoly Roman Emperor (d.973)
1221– KingAlfonso X of Castile (d.1284)
1553–Prospero Alpini, Italianbotanist andphysician (d.1617)
1616–John Wallis, Englishmathematician (d.1703)
1709–Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Frenchphysician andphilosopher (d.1751)
1715–Pierre Charles Le Monnier, Frenchastronomer (d.1799)
1749–Edward Rutledge, American politician (d.1800)
1754–Abraham Baldwin, American politician (d.1807)
1781–Theodor Valentin Volkmar, German politician, 1stMayor ofMarburg (d.1847)
1785–Jan Roothaan, Dutch priest (d.1853)
1804–Franklin Pierce, 14thPresident of the United States (d.1869)
1815–William Dennison, Jr., 24thGovernor of Ohio (d.1882)
1820–Isaac Todhunter, Englishmathematician andauthor (d.1884)
1837–Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutchphysicist (d.1923)
1838–Stephanos Skouloudis, 97thPrime Minister ofGreece (d.1928)
1851–Jonas Basanavicius,Lithuanian physician,scientist and politicalactivist (d.1927)
1855–John I. Cox, 33rdGovernor ofTennessee (d.1946)
1859–Billy the Kid, American outlaw (d.1881)
1860–Hjalmar Branting,Prime Minister ofSweden (d.1925)
1861–Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (d.1939)
1865–George P. McClellan, Jr.,Mayor of New York City (d.1940)
1869–Valdemar Poulsen, Danishengineer (d.1942)
1871–William Watt, 24thPremier of Australia (d.1946)
1875–Anatoly Lunacharsky, Russian politician (d.1933)
1876–Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (d.1946)
1882–John Rabe, German businessman andhumanitarian (d.1950)
1883–José Clemente Orozco, Mexican painter (d.1949)
1886–Eduards Smilgis,Latvian actor and theatre director (d.1966)
1886–Lloyd C. Stark,Governor of Missouri (d.1972)
1887–Hobart Henley, American actor and director (d.1964)
1887–Boris Karloff, Britishactor (d.1969)
1887–Henry Moseley, Britishphysicist (d.1915)
1888–Harpo Marx, American actor, comedian andmime (d.1964)
1888–George F. Shafer,Governor of South Dakota (d.1948)
1890–El Lissitzky, Russianartist andarchitect (d.1941)
1892–Erté, French artist (d.1990)
1896–Sandy Archibald, Scottishfootballer (d.1946)
1896–Tsunenohana Kan'ichi, Japanesesumo wrestler (d.1960)
1896–Klement Gottwald,Czechoslovakian Communist leader (d.1953)
1897–Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Indian writer (d.1999)
1899–Manuel dos Reis Machado, Brazilian martial artist (d.1974)

1901– 1950

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1902–Victor Jory, Canadian–American actor (d.1982)
1906–Betti Alver,Estonian poet (d.1989)
1907–Run Run Shaw, Hong Kong businessman and philanthropist (d.2014)
1914–Richard Percival Lister, Englishauthor,poet andartist (d.2014)
1914–Emmett Ashford, Americanbaseball umpire (d.1980)
1916–Michael Gough, British actor (d.2011)
1919–P. F. Strawson, Britishphilosopher (d.2006)
1921–Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (d.1960)
1922–Vo Van Kiet,Vietnamese politician (d.2008)
1922–Joan Fuster, Spanish writer (d.1992)
1922–Manuel Fraga Iribarne,President ofSpanish Galicia (d.2012)
1923–Daniel Brewster, American politician (d.2007)
1925–Jose Napoleon Duarte,President of El Salvador (d.1990)
1926–Sathya Sai Baba, Indianreligious andspiritual leader (d.2011)
1927–Angelo Sodano, Italiancardinal
1930–Herberto Hélder, Portuguesepoet (d.2015)
1930–Geeta Dutt, Indian singer (d.1972)
1931–Tosiwo Nakayama, Micronesian politician, 1stPresident of the Federated States of Micronesia (d.2007)
1932–Renato Martino, Italiancardinal
1933–Krzysztof Penderecki, Polishcomposer
1934–Lew Hoad, Australiantennis player (d.1994)
1935–Vladislav Volkov, Sovietcosmonaut (d.1971)
1935–Volodymyr Sabodan, Ukrainian religious leader (d.2014)
1935–Jeremy Stone, American scientist and arms control activist (d.2017)
1938–Patrick Kelly, former Roman CatholicArchbishop ofLiverpool
1939–Betty Everett, Americansinger andpianist (d.2001)
1940–Luis Tiant, Cuban baseballer
1941–Franco Nero, Italian actor
1943–Andrew Goodman, Americancivil rights activist (d.1964)
1943–David Nolan, Americanactivist (d.2010)
1943–Günther Beckstein, German politician, formerPrime Minister ofBavaria
1943–Sue Nicholls, English actress
1944–Peter Lindbergh, German–Frenchphotographer anddirector (d.2019)
1944–Joe Eszterhas, Hungarian–American writer
1944–James Toback, Americanscreenwriter andmovie director
1945–Assi Dayan, Israeliactor,director andscreenwriter (d.2014)
1945–Jim Doyle, Americanpolitician, formerGovernor of Wisconsin
1945–Dennis Nilsen, Scottishserial killer (d.2018)
1946–Bobby Rush, American politician
1947–Jean-Pierre Foucault, Frenchtelevision host
1948–Reiner Calmund, Germanfootball official
1949–Sandra Stevens, British singer
1950–Chuck Schumer, Americanlawyer andpolitician

1951– 1975

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1953–Francis Cabrel, Frenchsinger-songwriter andguitarist
1953–Johan de Meij, Dutch trombonist,conductor andcomposer
1954–Bruce Hornsby, Americansinger,songwriter andpianist
1954–Ross Brawn, BritishFormula 1 team principal
1955–Ludovico Einaudi, Italian composer and pianist
1955–Mary Landrieu, American politician
1956–Shane Gould, Australian swimmer
1957–William Kaelin Jr., Americanphysician and Nobel laureate
1959–Dominique Dunne, American actress (d.1982)
1962–Nicolas Maduro,President ofVenezuela
1963–Andreas Schmidt, German actor (d.2017)
1964–Frank Rutherford,Bahamian triple jumper
1965–Sergio Vázquez, Argentinefootballer
1966–Vincent Cassel, French actor
1966–Kevin Gallacher, Scottishfootballer
1966–Russell Watson, Englishtenor
1968–Robert Denmark, English athlete
1968–Kirsty Young, Scottish television presenter
1968–Hamid Hassani, Iranian linguist andlexicographer
1970–Karsten Müller, Germanchess player and writer
1970–Zoë Ball, Englishtelevision presenter
1971–Khalid Al-Muwallid,Saudi Arabian footballer
1971–Chris Hardwick, American comedian, actor and TV host
1971–Sajid Khan, Indian movie actor and director
1972–Alf-Inge Haaland, Norwegianfootballer
1974–Saku Koivu, Finnishice hockey player

From 1976

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1978–Tommy Marth, Americanmusician (d.2012)
1979–Nihat Kahveci, Turkishfootballer
1979–Kelly Brook, Britishactress andmodel
1979–Ivica Kostelic,Croatian skier
1980–Paulie Malignaggi, American boxer
1982–Asafa Powell,Jamaican runner
1983–Nasser Al-Shamrani,Saudi Arabian footballer
1984–Lucas Grabeel,American actor,singer andsongwriter
1984–Amruta Khanvilkar, Indian actress
1985–Victor Ahn, South Koreanspeed skater
1985–Scott Brash, Scottishequestrian show–jumper
1987–Kasia Struss, Polish model
1987–Snooki, Chilean–born American realitytelevision personality and author
1990–Alena Leonova, Russian figure skater
1990–Eddie Kim, South Koreansinger-songwriter andguitarist
1992–Miley Cyrus, American actress and singer (Hannah Montana)
1992–Go Eun-bi, South Korean singer (d.2014)
1996–James Maddison, Englishfootballer
1996–Anna Yanovskaya, Russianice dancer
1998–Bradley Steven Perry, American actor

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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947–Berthold, Duke of Bavaria (b.900)
955–Edred,King of England (b. c.923)
1407–Louis I, Duke of Orleans (b.1372)
1457– KingLadislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary (b.1440)
1499–Perkin Warbeck, English pretender, executed
1503–Margaret of York (b.1446)
1572–Bronzino, Italian painter and poet (b.1503)
1585–Thomas Tallis,English composer (b.1505)
1616–Richard Hakluyt, Englishpriest andauthor (b.1552)
1814–Elbridge Gerry,Vice President of the United States (b.1744)
1826–Johann Elert Bode, Germanastronomer (b.1747)
1833–Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, Frenchgeneral andpolitician (b.1762)
1864–Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve,German–bornRussian astronomer (b.1793)
1866–Cave Johnson, American politician (b.1793)
1890– KingWilliam III of the Netherlands (b.1817)

1901– 2000

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1902–Walter Reed, Americanbacteriologist (b.1851)
1910–Hawley Harvey Crippen, Americanphysician andmurderer (b.1862)
1923–Urmuz, Romanian judge and author (b.1883)
1934–Giovanni Brunero, Italian cyclist (b.1895)
1937–Jagdish Chandra Bose, Indianphysicist (b.1858)
1941–Horace F. Graham, American politician,Governor of Vermont (b.1862)
1965–Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium (b.1876)
1966–Séan T Ó Ceallaigh, 2ndPresident of Ireland (b.1882)
1970–Yusof bin Ishak,Singaporean politician (b.1910)
1972–Marie Wilson, American actress (b.1916)
1973–Sessue Hayakawa, Japaneseactor,director andproducer (b.1889)
1974– Massacre of Sixty inEthiopia:
- Abiye Abebe, Ethiopiangeneral andpolitician (b.1918)
- Aman Andom,President ofEthiopia (b.1924)
- Aklilu Habte-Wold,Prime Minister ofEthiopia (b.1912)
- Asrate Medhin-Kassa, Ethiopiancommander (b.1922)
- Endelkachew Makonnen,Prime Minister ofEthiopia (b.1927)
1976–André Malraux, French theorist and author (b.1901)
1979–Merle Oberon, British actress (b.1911)
1983–Tom Evans, Englishguitarist andsongwriter (b.1947)
1990–Roald Dahl,Welsh writer (b.1916)
1991–Klaus Kinski, German actor (b.1926)
1992–Roy Acuff, Americancountry musician (b.1903)
1992–Jean-François Thiriart,Belgian politician (b.1922)
1995–Louis Malle, Frenchdirector (b.1932)
1995–Junior Walker, Americansinger andsaxophonist (b.1931)

From 2001

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2001–Gerhard Stoltenberg, German politician (b.1928)
2001–Mary Whitehouse, British campaigner (b.1910)
2002–Roberto Matta,Chilean painter (b.1911)
2005–Constance Cummings, American–Englishactress (b.1910)
2006–Alexander Litvinenko, Russian spy (b.1962)
2006–Philippe Noiret,French actor (b.1930)
2006–Anita O'Day, American singer (b.1919)
2006–Willie Pep, American boxer (b.1922)
2010–Ingrid Pitt, British actress (b.1937)
2011–Montserrat Figueras, Spanishoperatic soprano (b.1942)
2012–Larry Hagman, American actor (b.1931)
2013–Jay Leggett, Americanactor,director,producer andscreenwriter (b.1963)
2014–Marion Barry, Americanpolitician,Mayor ofWashington, DC (b.1936)
2014–Dorothy Cheney, Americantennis player (b.1916)
2014–Pat Quinn, Canadianice hockey player (b.1943)
2015–Yoram Tsafrir, Israeliarchaeologist (b.1938)
2015–Manmeet Bhullar, Canadian politician (b.1980)
2015–Douglass North, Americaneconomist (b.1920)
2015–Dan Fante, Americanauthor andplaywright (b.1944)
2016–Ralph Branca, Americanbaseball player (b.1926)
2016–Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, Iranian cleric and jurist (b.1926)
2016–Rita Barbera, Spanish politician, formerMayor ofValencia (b.1948)
2016–Andrew Sachs, German–born English actor (b.1930)
2017–Stela Popescu, Romanian actress (b.1935)
2018–Kevin Austin, English–Trinidadian footballer (b.1973)
2018–Betty Bumpers, former First Lady ofArkansas (b.1925)
2018–Menahem Degani, Israelibasketball player (b.1927)
2018–Mick McGeough, Canadianice hockey referee (b.1956)
2018–Bob McNair, American businessman (b.1937)
2018–Nicolas Roeg, English film director (b.1928)
2018–George Ty, Filipino banker (b.1932)
2018–Gerard Unger, Dutch graphic and type designer (b.1942)
2019–Asunción Balaguer, Spanish actress (b.1925)
2019–Francesc Gambús, Spanish politician (b.1974)
2019–Barbara Hillary, American adventurer (b.1931)
2019–Catherine Small Long, American politician (b.1924)

Holidays and observances

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Bahá'í Faith – Feast of Qawl (Speech) – First day of the 14th month of the Bahá'í calendar
Georgia –St George's Day
Japan – Kinro kansha no hi (Labour Thanksgiving Day)
Slovenia –Rudolf Maister Day

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