Amonarch is the ruler of acountry which is amonarchy. Monarchs usually get their power byinheritance from one of their parents. When a monarch dies, a child or the nearest relative takes over. Amale monarch is usually called aking oremperor. A female monarch is usually called aqueen orempress. There female kings in history. An example of a modern woman king is Her Royal Majesty Queen Diambi, the traditional ruler of the Bakwa Luntu People in Central Kasaï, Congo, Africa.
Monarchy is still common in Africa. Many countries have both a president and a monarch of some sort.
Monarchs were very common inhistory until the 20th century. MostEuropean countries had monarchs in past centuries, but most no longer have them. Some countries that still have monarchs have otherleaders with the actual power. Most monarchies arehereditary monarchies. Some countries, however, elect their monarch, instead of using inheritance, like theHoly Roman Empire[1] andMalaysia.[2] Somerepublics, such as theDutch Republic orNorth Korea, had or have a hereditary ruler but do not call him a "monarch".
Monarchs can also have monarchs of lower honour below them. For example, anempire could include severalkingdoms, and a kingdom could have severalduchies orprincipalities. Nations would rarely include alltitles and usually go fromduchy to kingdom instead of duchy to principality to kingdom. "Prince" and "princess" are words that mean "ruler of a principality" and/or "son of a king/queen." Some languages have separate words for them.
The details may vary from country to country.
