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Microbiology - (Greek μικρός, mikrós, „tiny“, βίος, bíos, „life“ and λόγος, lógos, „science“) is a science in the composition ofbiology, which is occupied by the study ofmicroorganisms (bacterium, (archaebacteria), microscopicfungi,protozoa,alga,andviruses). Microbiology studies the systematics, morphology, physiology, biochemistry, evolution, ecological roles, and practical uses of microorganisms.Medical microbiology is also part of microbiology.
Different parts of microbiology can be classified into pure andapplied sciences. Microbiology can be also classified bytaxonomy, as in the cases ofbacteriology,mycology, protozoology, andphycology. There is considerable overlap of the specific branches of microbiology with each other and with other disciplines. Certain aspects of these branches can extend beyond the traditional scope of microbiology
Leeuwenhoek on a Netherlands postage stampC.Ehrenberg
Another important change in the study ofmicroorganisms came from the discovery ofDNA andRNA. This allowed using avector to change the inside of a cell without killing it. One recent discovery that changed the study of microbiology is the discovery oftransposons or jumping genes. Another one is the discovery of animalgenes in the cells.
