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Mating

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dragonflies (Austrogomphus guerini) mating

Mating is the pairing of opposite-sex orhermaphroditeorganisms. It is usually forsexual reproduction. Some definitions limit the term to pairing between animals.[1][2] Other definitions extend the term to crossing inplants andfungi. It is usual for mating inplants orfungi to be called cross-fertilization, or "crossing" if the offspring haveDNA from both genetic sources.[3]

Copulation is the union of thesex organs of two sexually reproducing animals for internal fertilization.Fertilization is the actual fusion ofgametes.[4]

Mating may also lead to external fertilization. This is done byamphibians, mostfish, many lower animals, and plants. Many aquatic species just spread their eggs and sperm in the water at one specific time of year. That time varies between species.

For somehermaphroditic species, copulation is not needed because the parent organism can self-fertilize (autogamy). In someflowering plants self-pollination can happen within the sameflower, and somehermaphrodite animals self-fertilize. Manygastropods are hermaphrodite, and do simultaneous copulation in pairs. So doearthworms.

In some birds, mating includes behaviors such asnest-building andfeeding offspring. The human practice ofartificial insemination ofdomesticated animals is part ofanimal husbandry.

References

[change |change source]
  1. ↑The Free Dictionary."Mate". RetrievedMay 31, 2013.
  2. ↑The PenguinDictionary of Biology does not list the term.
  3. ↑Note Darwin's titles (short form):Fertilisation of orchids, andCross and self fertilisation.
  4. ↑The Free Dictionary."'Fertilization' - definition of". Farlex, Inc. Retrieved25 January 2014.
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