Kreuzberg, south ofBerlin-Mitte, was one of the best-known boroughs ofBerlin, famous for its nightlife and its left-leaning electorate as well as its problems with crime the drug scene and a very high number of immigrants.
Kreuzberg consists of two different parts, the southeastern 'SO 36' (or simply '36') part and the southwest 'SW 61' (or simply '61'). Until theBerlin Wall fell, these were the last two numbers of thepostal codes for the two areas.
It was a separate borough from 1920, when it became a part ofGroß-Berlin, until the borughs were changed in 2001. Then it was joined withFriedrichshain to form the new borough ofFriedrichshain-Kreuzberg. Since these twolocalities are linked only by a single bridge over theSpree river, theOberbaumbrücke, this joining seemed awkward to many residents. The two areas could not agree on where the new borough's town hall should be. Friedrichshain was chosen by tossing a five-Mark coin.
Kreuzberg is known to many for numerousTurkish immigrants from eastern parts ofTurkey, and the yearlyMay Day riots. This is because before the fall of theBerlin Wall in 1989, Kreuzberg was isolated. Its eastern parts were almost entirely surrounded by the Wall. This area consequently had cheap rents and lower-income families as well as squatters from the radical left. The western part of Kreuzberg also bordered onto the wall, and it was here whereCheckpoint Charlie was.
Kreuzberg got its name is from its highest point, the Kreuzberg (literally, "cross hill"). It is of66 metres (217 ft) above sea level.. The hill was a traditional place for weekend trips, and had a lot of small restaurants for the visitors. The hill got its name from a monument built in 1821 byKarl Friedrich Schinkel. It was to remember the wars againstNapoleon I of France.
After 1860 industry began moving into Kreuzburg. There was also anExportviertel (export quarter) along Ritterstraße which had a lot of many profitable small businesses, and the "press quarter" along Kochstraße was the home of most of Germany's large newspapers as well as the Ullstein, Scherl, and Mosse book publishers.
Both of these industrial quarters were almost entirely destroyed during World War II, with the bombings of a single night from 3 February 1945. To remember old tradition, theAxel Springer press company built its new headquarters at Kochstraße again, right next to the Berlin Wall.
After World War II, Kreuzberg's housing rents were regulated by law, which made investments unattractive. As a result, housing was of low quality, but cheap, which made the borough a prime target for immigrants coming to Germany (and Berlin).
Modern Boroughs | |
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| Western Boroughs 1920–2001: ofGroß-Berlin | |
Eastern Boroughs 1920–2001: ofGroß-Berlin | Friedrichshain •Hellersdorf (1986) •Hohenschönhausen (1985) •Köpenick •Lichtenberg •Marzahn (1979) •Mitte •Pankow •Prenzlauer Berg •Treptow •Weißensee |
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