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July 9

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

July 9 is the 190th day of the year(191st inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 175 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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455– Roman military commanderAvitus is proclaimed emperor of theWestern Roman Empire.
660–Battle of Hwangsanboel:Korean forces under GeneralKim Yu–shin of Silla defeat thearmy of Baekje at Nonsan, present–daySouth Korea.
869– A magnitude 8.6earthquake andtsunami strike the area aroundSendai, NorthernHonshu,Japan.
1357 5:31 AM –Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor assisted laying the foundation stone of theCharles Bridge inPrague.
1386– TheOld Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its ownterritory by decisively defeating the Archduchy ofAustria in theBattle of Sempach.
1540–Henry VIII of England annulled his marriage to his fourth wife,Anne of Cleves.
1572– NineteenCatholics suffermartyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
1609–Bohemia is given freedom ofreligion through the Letter ofMajesty byRudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1701–War of the Spanish Succession:Austrian victory over theFrench in theBattle of Carpi.
1745– War of theAustrian Succession: Victory in theBattle of Melle allows theFrench to captureGhent in the days after.
1749– Naval settlement ofHalifax, Nova Scotia founded asBritish answer toLouisbourg.
1755–French and Indian War:Braddock Expedition – British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat toFrench andNative American forces. During the battle, British GeneralEdward Braddock is mortally wounded. ColonelGeorge Washington survives.
1776–George Washington orders theDeclaration of Independence to be read out loud to members of theContinental Army inNew York City.
1789– InVersailles, theNational Assembly reconstitutes itself as theNational Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for aFrench constitution.
1790–Russo–Swedish War:Second Battle of Svensksund – In theBaltic Sea, theSwedish Navy captures one third of theRussian fleet.
1793–Act Against Slavery passed inUpper Canada and importation of slaves intoLower Canada is prohibited.
1810–Napoleon annexes theKingdom of Holland as part of the first French Empire.
1815–Charles–Maurice de Talleyrand–Périgord, Prince de Benevente becomesPrime Minister of France
1816–Argentina declares independence fromSpain.
1821– 470 prominentCypriots are executed in response to Cypriot aid to theGreek War of Independence.
1846– By anAct of Congress, theWashington, DC area south of thePotomac River (39 mi² or about 100 km²) is returned toVirginia.
1850–US President Zachary Taylor dies andMillard Fillmore becomes the 13thPresident of the United States.
1868– The 14th Amendment (change) to theUnited States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeingAfrican Americans full citizenship and all persons in theUnited States Due Process of Law.
1875– Outbreak of theHerzegovina Uprising againstOttoman Empire rule.
1877– The firstWimbledon tennis championships are played.
1896–William Jennings Bryan delivers hisCross of gold speech.
1900– QueenVictoria of the United Kingdom givesroyal assent to an act creating theCommonwealth ofAustralia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under onefederal government.

1901– 2000

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1903–Joseph Stalin, future–Soviet leader, is exiled toSiberia for three years.
1918–Great train wreck of 1918: InNashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliestrail accident inUnited States history.
1922–Johnny Weissmuller swims the100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds, breaking a worldswimming record and the 'minute barrier'.
1932– TheState ofSão Paulo revolts against theBrazilian federal government.
1942–Holocaust:Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in anAmsterdam warehouse.
1943–World War II:Operation Husky –Allied forces perform anamphibious invasion ofSicily.
1944–World War II:Battle of Saipan – American forces takeSaipan in theMariana Islands.
1944– World War II:Battle of Normandy –British andCanadian forces captureCaen,France.
1945– Aforest fire breaks out in theTillamook Burn, the third fire in that area since1933.
1955– TheRussell–Einstein Manifesto is released byBertrand Russell inLondon.
1961–Turkish voters approve the TurkishConstitution of1961 in areferendum.
1962– TheUnited States detonatesatom bomb Starfish Prime over JohnstonAtoll in thePacific Ocean.
1962–Andy Warhol'sCampbell's Soup Cans exhibit opens at the Ferus Gallery inLos Angeles,California.
1968– Official opening ofHayward Gallery onLondon'sSouth Bank.
1972– InBelfast,Northern Ireland, British army snipers shoot and kill 5 civilians in the Springhill massacre.
1979– A car bomb destroys aRenault owned by famed "Nazi hunters"Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home inFrance. A note purportedly fromODESSA claims responsibility.
1981–Donkey Kong, avideo game created byNintendo, is released. It is alsoSuper Mario's first appearance.
1982– ABoeing 727 carryingPan Am Flight 759 crashes inKenner, Louisiana killing all 146 people on board and eight others on the ground.
1986–Homosexuality is legalized inNew Zealand.
1989– Two bombs explode inMecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others.
1989–Boris Becker andSteffi Graf win the Men's and Women's Singles titles atWimbledon respectively, making it the first occasion that two Germantennis players win these titles at the same time.
1991–International Human Rights Federation citeshuman rights violations committed by police and military personnel duringOka crisis inQuebec,Canada.
1991–South Africa is reintroduced into theOlympic movement after 30 years of exclusion.
1992–Democratic presidential nomineeBill Clinton announces thatTennessee Senator Al Gore will be his running mate.
1993– TheParliament ofCanada passes theNunavut Act, allowing the creation of theterritory ofNunavut onApril 1,1999 out of part of theNorthwest Territories.
1995– TheSri Lankan air force bombs achurch in the town of Navaly, killing more than 125 people.
1997–Mike Tyson'sboxing license is suspended for at least a year and he is fined $3 million for bitingEvander Holyfield's ear in a televised match.
1999–Days of student protests begins afterIranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory ofUniversity of Tehran.

From 2001

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2002– TheAfrican Union is established inAddis Ababa,Ethiopia. The first chairman isThabo Mbeki,President of South Africa.
2004– AfterJosé Manuel Durão Barroso's appointment to theEuropean Commission,Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio announces that he will invite the second–in–line leader ofPSD,Pedro Santana Lopes to form a government.
2006– A plane crash inIrkutsk,Siberia kills 122 people.
2006–2006 FIFA World Cup:Italy wins theFIFA World Cup for a fourth time, by beatingFrance on penalties at the Olympic Stadium inBerlin. The game is most remembered forZinedine Zidane's headbut onMarco Materazzi.
2007–Argentina's capital cityBuenos Aires is hit by its first snowfall since1918.
2011–South Sudan declares independence fromSudan, after a majority of 'yes' votes in a referendum the previousJanuary.Salva Kiir Mayardit becomes the new nation'sPresident.
2016– Over 100 people are killed in violent clashes inJuba,South Sudan, on the fifth anniversary of the country's independence.
2016–Tennis:Serena Williams equals the Open Era record of 22 Grand Slam singles titles, defeatingAngelique Kerber in theWimbledon championships final.
2018–Boris Johnson resigns as the BritishForeign Secretary; he is replaced withJeremy Hunt.
2018– The leaders ofEthiopia andEritrea sign an agreement ending their border war.

Births

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Up to 1900

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1249–Emperor Kameyama 90thEmperor of Japan (d.1305)
1511–Dorothea of Saxe–Lauenburg (d.1571)
1578–Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d.1637)
1654–Emperor Reigen ofJapan (d.1732)
1689–Alexis Piron, Frenchplaywright (d.1773)
1764–Ann Radcliffe, Englishauthor (d.1823)
1766–Johanna Schopenhauer, German author (d.1838)
1775–Matthew Lewis, Englishauthor andplaywright (b.1818)
1777–Henry Hallam, Englishwriter andhistorian (d.1859)
1800–Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Germanphysician,pathologist andanatomist (d.1885)
1801–Zénaïde Bonaparte,Princess ofSpain (d.1854)
1815–Oran Milo Roberts, Americanpolitician, 18thGovernor ofTexas (d.1898)
1819–Elias Howe,American inventor (d.1867)
1825–Addison Crandall Gibbs, Americanpolitician, 2ndGovernor ofOregon (d.1886)
1828–Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italiancardinal (d.1913)
1834–Jan Neruda, Czechpoet (d.1891)
1835–William D. Bloxham, Americanpolitician, 13th and 17thGovernor ofFlorida (d.1911)
1847–Wong Fei–hung, Chinese physician and martial artist (d.1924)
1848–Robert I, Duke of Parma (d.1907)
1850–Ivan Vazov, Bulgarianhistorian,writer andpolitician (d.1921)
1853–William Turner Dannat, American painter (d.1929)
1856–John Verran, English–Australian politician, 26thPremier of South Australia (d.1932)
1858–Franz Boas, Germananthropologist (d.1942)
1867–Georges Lecomte, Frenchauthor andplaywright (d.1958)
1879–Carlos Chagas, Brazilianphysician andparasitologist (d.1934)
1879–Ottorino Respighi, Italiancomposer andconductor (d.1934)
1887–James Ormsbee Chapin, American–Canadian painter and illustrator (d.1975)
1889–Léo Dandurand, American–Canadianice hockey player, coach and referee (d.1964)
1894–Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russianphysicist (d.1984)
1896–Maria Gomes Valentim, Braziliansupercentenarian (d.2011)
1897–Friedrich Adler, Austrianpolitician andassassin (d.1960)
1898–Petar Grabovski,Prime Minister ofBulgaria (d.1945)

1901– 1950

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1901–Barbara Cartland, British novelist (d.2000)
1905–Clarence Campbell, Canadianice hockey player and referee (d.1984)
1907–Eddie Dean, Americansinger–songwriter andactor (d.1999)
1910–Govan Mbeki, South African anti–Apartheid activist (d.2001)
1911–John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist (d.2008)
1911–Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d.1968)
1914–Willi Stoph, East German politician (d.1999)
1915–David Diamond, Americancomposer (d.2005)
1916–Edward Heath,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.2005)
1924–Leonard Pennario, American classicalpianist andcomposer (d.2008)
1925–Guru Dutt, Indianactor,director andproducer (d.1964)
1926–Ben Roy Mottelson, American–bornphysicist
1926–Pedro Dellacha, Argentinefootballer (d.2010)
1927–Ed Ames, American singer and actor
1927–Susan Cabot, Americanactress (d.1986)
1927–Red Kelly, Canadianice hockey player, coach and politician
1928–Federico Bahamontes, Spanish cyclist
1928–Vince Edwards, Americanactor,singer anddirector (d.1996)
1929–Lee Hazlewood, American singer and songwriter (d.2007)
1929– KingHassan II of Morocco (d.1999)
1929–Isabel Sarli, Argentine actress (d.2019)
1930–Yu So–chow, Chinese actress and singer (d.2017)
1930–Robert Demarco, Scottishartist
1930–K. Balachander, Indianactor,director,producer andscreenwriter (d.2014)
1932–Donald Rumsfeld, American politician (d.2021)
1932–Amitzur Shapira, Israeli runner (d.1972)
1933–Oliver Sacks, British–Americanneurologist andwriter (d.2015)
1934–Michael Graves, Americanarchitect (d.2015)
1935–Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician (d.2005)
1935–Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer (d.2009)
1936–Richard Wilson, Scottish actor
1936–David Zinman, Americanconductor andviolinist
1937–David Hockney, English artist and photographer
1938–Brian Dennehy, Americanactor,director andproducer
1938–Sanjeev Kumar, Indian actor (d.1985)
1940–Jair da Costa, Brazilianfootballer
1940–David B. Frohnmayer, Americanattorney andpolitician (d.2015)
1942–Richard Roundtree, American actor
1943–John Casper, Americancolonel,pilot andastronaut
1943–Soledad Miranda, Spanishactress (d.1970)
1944–Judith M. Brown, English historian and academic
1944–John Cunniff, Americanice hockey player and coach (d.2002)
1945–Dean Koontz, American writer
1945–Root Boy Slim, Americansinger–songwriter andguitarist (d.1993)
1946–Natasha Pyne, English actress
1946–Bon Scott, Scottish–Australiansinger–songwriter (d.1980)
1947–Haruomi Hosono, Japanesesinger–songwriter,bass player andproducer
1947–Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (d.2008)
1947–O. J. Simpson,American football player, actor and criminal (d.2024)
1948–Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian politician
1950–Adriano Panatta, Italiantennis player and sailor
1950–Viktor Yanukovych, formerPresident of Ukraine

1951– 1975

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1951–Chris Cooper, American actor
1952–John Tesh, Americanpianist,composer andradio host
1955–Steve Coppell, English football manager
1955–Lindsey Graham, Americancolonel,lawyer andpolitician
1956–Tom Hanks, Americanactor
1957–Marc Almond, Englishsinger–songwriter (Soft Cell)
1957–Paul Merton, English comedian
1959–Jim Kerr, Scottish singer (Simple Minds)
1959–Kevin Nash, American wrestler and actor
1960–Marc Mero, American wrestler and boxer
1960–Eduardo Montes–Bradley, Argentinejournalist,photographer andauthor
1962–Aloyzas Kveinys, Lithuanianchess player (d.2018)
1964–Courtney Love, Americanmusician,singer and actress
1964–Gianluca Vialli, Italianfootballer
1966–Pamela Adlon, American actress
1968–Paolo Di Canio, Italian footballer
1970–Masami Tsuda, Japanese author and illustrator
1971–Marc Andreessen, American software developer
1971–Scott Grimes, Americansinger–songwriter andactor
1972–Ara Babajian, Americandrummer andsongwriter
1974–Ian Bradshaw, Barbadiancricketer
1975–Jack White, American singer (The White Stripes)

From 1976

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1976–Fred Savage, American actor
1978–Linda Park, Korean–American actress
1982–Alecko Eskandarian, Americansoccer player and manager
1982–Maggie Ma, Canadianactress,singer anddancer
1984–Chris Campoli, Canadianice hockey player
1984–Hanna R. Hall, American actress
1985–Ashley Young, English footballer
1986–Sébastien Bassong, Cameroonian footballer
1986–Kiely Williams, Americansinger–songwriter,dancer andactress
1987–Rebecca Sugar, American animator, screenwriter, producer and screenwriter
1987–Amanda Knox, American murder suspect
1988–Paul Rusescu, Romanian footballer
1990–Rafael Pereira da Silva, Brazilian footballer
1991–Mitchel Musso, American actor and singer
1991–Kyle Smith, Scottishcurler
1993–Mitch Larkin, Australian swimmer
1993–DeAndre Yedlin, Americansoccer player
1993–Jake Vargas, Filipinoactor andsinger
1994–Akiane Kramarik, Americanpoet andartist
1995–Georgie Henley, English actress
1998–Robert Capron, American actor
1999–Claire Corlett, Canadian actress and singer

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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518–Anastasius I Dicorus, Byzantine Emperor (b.430)
1228–Stephen Langton,Archbishop of Canterbury (b.1150)
1386–Leopold III, Duke of Austria (b.1351)
1553–Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b.1521)
1654–Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (b.1633)
1677–Angelus Silesius, Germanpoet (b.1624)
1706–Pierre Lemoyne d'Iberville, Canadiancaptain andexplorer (b.1661)
1737–Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1671)
1746– KingPhilip V of Spain (b.1683)
1766–Jonathan Mayhew, American minister (b.1720)
1797–Edmund Burke, Irish–English writer,philosopher and politician (b.1729)
1828–Gilbert Stuart, American painter (b.1755)
1850– TheBab, founder of theBaha'i religion (b.1819)
1850–Zachary Taylor, 12thPresident of the United States (b.1784)
1852–Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, Americanlawyer andpolitician (b.1794)
1856–Amedeo Avogadro, Italianchemist (b.1776)
1880–Paul Broca, Frenchphysician andanatomist (b.1824)

1901– 2000

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1903–Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist and photographer (b.1842)
1932–King C. Gillette, American businessman (b.1855)
1947–Lucjan Zeligowski, Polish–Lithuaniangeneral andpolitician (b.1865)
1949–Fritz Hart, English–Australiancomposer andconductor (b.1874)
1951–Harry Heilmann, Americanbaseball player and sportscaster (b.1894)
1955–Don Beaumon, English racing driver (b.1928)
1955–Adolfo de la Huerta,President ofMexico (b.1881)
1962–Georges Bataille, Frenchphilosopher (b.1897)
1974–Earl Warren, American jurist (b.1891)
1977–Alice Paul, American activist (b.1885)
1979–Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b.1899)
1980–Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilianpoet,playwright andcomposer (b.1913)
1985–Charlotte, Grand Duchess ofLuxembourg (b.1896)
1986–Patriarch Nicholas VI of Alexandria (b.1915)
1992–Eric Sevareid, Americanjournalist (b.1912)

From 2001

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2002–Rod Steiger, American actor (b.1925)
2004–Paul Klebnikov, Americanjournalist andhistorian (b.1963)
2004–Jean Lefebvre, French actor (b.1919)
2004–Isabel Sanford, American actress (b.1917)
2005–Yevgeny Grishin, Russian figure skater (b.1931)
2011–Würzel, Englishguitarist (Motorhead) (b.1949)
2012–Terepai Maoate, 6thPrime Minister of theCook Islands (b.1934)
2012–Isuzu Yamada, Japanese actress (b.1917)
2013–Markus Büchel, 9thPrime Minister ofLiechtenstein (b.1959)
2014–David Azrieli, Polish–born Canadian–Israeli real estate tycoon, developer, designer, architect and philanthropist (b.1922)
2014–Eileen Ford, American executive and businesswoman (b.1922)
2014–Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes, Braziliangeologist andmineralogist (b.1950)
2014–Don Lenhardt, Americanbaseball player and coach (b.1922)
2015–Saud bin Faisal, Saudi royal and politician (b.1940)
2015–Christian Audigier, French fashion designer (b.1958)
2015–Jim Bede, Americanaircraft designer (b.1933)
2015–Caspar Bowden, British privacy advocate (b.1961)
2016–Johnny Barnes,Bermudian entertainer (b.1923)
2016–Erny Brenner, Luxembourgishfootballer (b.1931)
2016–Geneviève Castrée, Canadian musician and comic book artist (b.1981)
2016–Vaughn Harper, American DJ (b.1945)
2016–Hugo Niebeling, German filmmaker (b.1931)
2016–Silvano Piovanelli, Italiancardinal (b.1924)
2016–Sydney Schanberg, American journalist (b.1934)
2017–Naresh Chandra, Indian politician (b.1934)
2017–Ilya Glazunov, Russian painter (b.1930)
2017–Anton Nossik, Israeli–Russian journalist and social media activist (b.1966)
2017–Paquita Rico, Spanish singer and actress (b.1929)
2018–Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, British politician (b.1919)
2018–Stefan Demert, Swedishsinger–songwriter andmusician (b.1939)
2018–Hans Günter Winkler, Germanequestrian (b.1926)
2019–Philip Freelon, Americanarchitect (b.1953)
2019–Ross Perot, American businessman and politician (b.1930)
2019–Fernando de la Rúa,President of Argentina (b.1937)
2019–Rip Torn, American actor (b.1931)

Observances

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Independence Day inArgentina andSouth Sudan
Constitution Day inAustralia andPalau

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