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July 20

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

July 20 is the 201st day of the year(202nd inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 164 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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70–Siege of Jerusalem:Titus, son ofVespasian, storms the fortress of Antonia north of theTemple Mount. The Romanarmy is drawn into street fights with theZealots.
1189–Richard I of England is invested asDuke ofNormandy.
1304–Wars of Scottish Independence: KingEdward I of England takes control ofStirling Castle.
1402–Ottoman-Timurid Wars:Battle of Ankara –Timur, ruler of theTimurid Empire, defeats the forces ofOttoman Empire Sultan,Bayezid I.
1592–Japanese forces underToyotomi Hideyoshi capturePyongyang during their invasion ofKorea, but ultimately fail to hold on to it.
1738– Canadian explorerPierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye reaches the western shore ofLake Michigan.
1799–Tekle Giyorgis I starts the first of his five reigns asEmperor ofEthiopia.
1807–Nicéphore Niépce is given apatent byNapoleon Bonaparte for thePyreolophore, the first internal combustionengine.
1810– Citizens of Bogota,New Granada (in present–dayColombia), declare independence fromSpain.
1864–American Civil War:Battle of Peachtree Creek.
1866–Austro-Prussian War:Battle of Lissa – TheAustrian Navy, led byWilhelm von Tegetthof, defeats theItalian Navy near theisland ofVis in theAdriatic Sea.
1871–British Columbia joins theConfederation ofCanada.
1885– The EnglishFootball Association allows professionalism inassociation football.
1898–Spanish-American War: A boiler explodes on the USSIowa, off the coast ofSantiago de Cuba.

1901– 2000

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1903– TheFord Motor company ships its first car.
1906–Finland giveswomen the right tovote.
1917–World War I: TheCorfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the postwar Kingdom ofYugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav committee and the Kingdom ofSerbia.
1922– TheLeague of Nations awards mandates ofTogoland toFrance andTanganyika to theUnited Kingdom.
1924– FIDE, the worldwide governing body ofchess, is founded inParis.
1935–Switzerland: A Royal Dutch Airlinesplane en route fromMilan toFrankfurt crashes into a Swissmountain, killing 13 people.
1940–Denmark leaves theLeague of Nations.
1940–California opens its firstfreeway.
1944– The20 July plot to killAdolf Hitler fails.
1949–Israel andSyria sign a truce to end their 19–month war.
1951– KingAbdullah I of Jordan is murdered by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers inJerusalem.
1954–Otto John, head ofWest Germany's secret service, defects toEast Germany.
1960– InCeylon (present–daySri Lanka),Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected as the world's first femalePrime Minister.
1961– TheFrench military breaks theTunisian siege ofBizerte.
1968– TheSpecial Olympics are founded.
1969– A ceasefire ends the 6–dayFootball War betweenHonduras andEl Salvador.
1969–Eddy Merckx wins his firstTour de France.
1969–Neil Armstrong andBuzz Aldrin walk on theMoon, becoming the first–ever humans to do so.
1974–Cyprus dispute: The Turkish occupation ofCyprus begins.
1976– The AmericanViking 1 lander successfully lands onMars.
1977–Johnstown,Pennsylvania is hit by a flashflood that kills 80 people.
1982– InLondon, theHyde Park andRegents Park bombings are carried out by theProvisional Irish Republican Army, killing 8 people and 7horses. 47 people are injured.
1985– The government ofAruba passes legislation to separate from theNetherlands Antilles.
1989–Aung San Suu Kyi is put under house arrest by theBurmese military junta for the first time.
2000– Leaders ofSalt Lake City's bid to host theWinter Olympics, are indicted by a federal grand jury forbribery,fraud andracketeering.

From 2001

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2001– Italian activistCarlo Giuliani is shot dead bypolice during a demonstration against theG8 summit being held inGenoa.
2005–Same-sex marriage is officially made legal inCanada.
2007– Heavy rain causes flooding acrossEngland andWales.
2012– A gunman opens fire at acinema inAurora, Colorado during the screening of the newBatman movie. The shooting kills 12 people and 59 are reported injured.
2014– The 2014Israel–Gaza conflict goes through its deadliest day, with over 90Palestinian civilians and 13Israeli soldiers killed.
2015– Asuicide bombing in Suruc,Turkey, near theSyrian border, kills at least 30 people.
2015–Diplomatic relations betweenCuba and theUnited States are fully restored after 54 years of hostilities between the two countries.
2017–O. J. Simpson is grantedparole after serving nine years of a 33–year jail sentence for armedrobbery.

Births

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Up to 1900

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356 BC–Alexander the Great, Macedonian king and conqueror ofPersia (d.323 BC)
810–Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muslim scholar (d.870)
1304–Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (d.1374)
1519–Pope Innocent IX (d.1591)
1620–Nikolaes Heinsius, Dutch scholar (d.1681)
1757–Garsevan Chavchavadze,Georgian diplomat and politician (d.1811)
1762–Jakob Haibel, Austrian composer, tenor and choirmaster (d.1826)
1766–Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, Britishpeer,diplomat and art thief (d.1841)
1785–Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (d.1839)
1797–Pawel Edmund Strzelecki, Polish explorer and geologist (d.1873)
1804–Richard Owen, Britishscientist (d.1892)
1811–James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, British colonial officer anddiplomat (d.1863)
1822–Gregor Mendel, Austrian priest andgeneticist (d.1884)
1830–Clements Markham, British explorer, writer and geographer (d.1916)
1836–Thomas Clifford Allbutt, Englishphysician (d.1925)
1838–Augustin Daly, Americanplaywright (d.1899)
1838–George Otto Trevelyan, Englishstatesman and biographer (d.1928)
1847–Max Liebermann, German painter (d.1935)
1849–Robert Anderson Van Wyck, 91stMayor ofNew York City (d.1918)
1852–Theo Heemskerk,Prime Minister of theNetherlands (d.1932)
1859–Otto Warburg, Germanbotanist (d.1938)
1864–Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish writer (d.1931)
1868–Miron Cristea, Patriarch ofRomania (d.1939)
1868–José Félix Uriburu,President ofArgentina (d.1932)
1873–Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviator (d.1923)
1876–Otto Blumenthal, Germanmathematician (d.1944)
1889–John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, British broadcaster (d.1971)
1890–Verna Felton, American actress (d.1966)
1890–Julie Vinter Hansen, Danishastronomer (d.1960)
1890–Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter and graphic artist (d.1964)
1894–Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson,Prime Minister ofIceland (d.1980)
1895–László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian artist (d.1946)
1896–Eunice Sanborn, Americansupercentenarian, officially the second–oldest person in the world (d.2011)
1897–Camillo Berneri, Italian writer,philosopher and anarchist (d.1937)
1897–Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish–bornchemist (d.1996)
1900–Maurice Leyland, Englishcricketer (d.1967)

1901– 1950

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1910–Mohamed Amin Didi, firstPresident of theMaldives (d.1954)
1914–Dobri Dobrev,Bulgarian philanthropist (d.2018)
1914–Magda Frank, Hungarian–Argentinian sculptor (d.2010)
1914–Ersilio Tonini, Italiancardinal (d.2013)
1919–Edmund Hillary, New Zealandmountaineer andexplorer (d.2008)
1920–Elliot Richardson, American politician (d.1999)
1922–Alan Stephenson Boyd, American attorney and politician (d.2020)
1924–Tatyana Lioznova, Russian movie director (d.2011)
1925–Jacques Delors, French politician
1925–Frantz Fanon, Afro–Caribbeanpsychiatrist,philosopher,revolutionary andwriter (d.1961)
1925–Lola Albright, American actress (d.2017)
1927–Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Russianhistorian andactivist (d.2018)
1928–Pavel Kohout, Austrian–Bohemian writer
1929–Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (d.1999)
1930–Chuck Daly, American basketball coach (d.2009)
1930–Heinz Kubsch, Germanfootballer (d.1993)
1932–Nam June Paik, Korean video artist (d.2006)
1932–Otto Schily, German politician
1932–Dick Giordano, American comic book artist and editor (d.2010)
1933–Cormac McCarthy, American writer
1933–Rex Williams, Englishsnooker player
1934–Uwe Johnson, German writer (d.1984)
1935–Sleepy LaBeef, American musician
1936–Alistair MacLeod, Canadian writer (d.2014)
1937–Ken Ogata, Japanese actor (d.2008)
1938–Roger Hunt, Englishfootballer
1938– DameDiana Rigg, British actress
1938–Heinz Strehl, German footballer (d.1986)
1938–Natalie Wood, American actress (d.1981)
1939–Judy Chicago, American artist
1943–Chris Amon, New ZealandFormula One driver (d.2016)
1943–Willie Mathieson, Scottish footballer
1943–Wendy Richard, English actress (d.2009)
1944–Mel Daniels, Americanbasketball player (d.2015)
1945–Larry Craig, American politician
1946–Htin Kyaw, formerPresident ofMyanmar
1947–Gerd Binnig, German–bornphysicist
1947–Carlos Santana, Mexican–American musician
1948–Muse Watson, American actor
1950–Edward Leigh, British politician

1951– 1975

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1951–Larry Black, American athlete (d.2006)
1953–Dave Evans, Welsh–Australian singer (AC/DC)
1953–Marcia Hines, American–Australian singer, actress andtelevision personality
1953–Dan Shaughnessy, American writer
1954–Keith Scott, Canadianguitarist
1956–Paul Cook, English musician (The Sex Pistols)
1956–Julio César Falcioni, Argentinefootballer
1958–Billy Mays, American advertising figure (d.2009)
1958–Mick MacNeil, Scottish musician (Simple Minds)
1960–Pedro Zerolo, Spanish lawyer and politician (d.2014)
1962–Carlos Alazraqui, Americanactor,producer andscreenwriter
1963–Paula Ivan, Romanian athlete
1963–Alexander Zhulin, Russianice dancer
1963– John Simmit, British actor and stand–up comedian
1964–Dean Winters, American actor
1964–Terri Irwin, American naturalist
1964–Chris Cornell, American singer and musician (d.2017)
1965–Abdourahman Waberi,Djiboutian writer
1966–Anton du Beke, British ballroom dancer
1966–Enrique Peña Nieto,President ofMexico
1966–Stone Gossard, American musician
1967–Courtney Taylor-Taylor, Americansinger-songwriter andguitarist (The Dandy Warhols)
1967–Reed Diamond, American actor
1968–Carlos Saldanha, Braziliandirector
1969–Josh Holloway, American actor
1969–Tobi Vail, American musician
1971–Sandra Oh, Canadian actress
1971–DJ Screw, American DJ (d.2000)
1973–Peter Forsberg, Swedishice hockey player
1973–Haakon Magnus, Crown Prince of Norway
1973–Claudio Reyna, American footballer
1973–Roberto Orci, Mexican–Americanscreenwriter andproducer
1975–Erik Hagen, Norwegian footballer
1975–Rodolfo Arruabarrena, Argentine footballer
1975–Birgitta Ohlsson, Swedish politician

From 1976

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1977–Alessandro Santos, Brazilian–Japanese footballer
1978–Will Solomon, Americanbasketball player
1978–Nigel Quashie, British footballer
1979–Miklos Feher, Hungarian footballer (d.2004)
1980–Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian model
1982–Antoine Vermette, Canadianice hockey player
1985–John Francis Daley, Americanactor andscreenwriter
1986–Osric Chau, Canadian actor and martial artist
1987–Nicola Benedetti, Scottishviolinist
1987–Niall McGinn, Northern Irishfootballer
1988–Julianne Hough, American dancer
1988–Stephen Strasburg, Americanbaseball player
1989–Cristiano Pasquato, Italianfootballer
1989–Javier Cortés, Mexicanfootballer
1990–Wendie Renard, Frenchfootballer
1991–Philipp Reiter, German mountaineer and runner
1993–Steven Adams, New Zealandbasketball player
1993–Alycia Debnam-Carey, Australian actress
1999–Princess Alexandra of Hanover, Monegasque royalty

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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985–Pope Boniface VII
1031– KingRobert II of France (b.972)
1156–Emperor Toba of Japan (1103)
1160–Peter Lombard, French theologian (b. c.1100)
1320– KingOshin of Armenia (b.1282)
1351–Margaretha Ebner, German visionary (b.1291)
1387–Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu (poisoned) (b.1356)
1398–Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (b.1374)
1453–Enguerrand de Monstrelet, French chronicler (b. c.400)
1454– KingJohn II of Castile (b.1405)
1524–Claude of France, queen ofLouis XII of France (b.1499)
1616–Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Earl of Tyrone, Irish soldier (b. c.1550)
1704–Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b.1620)
1752–Johann Christoph Pepusch, German composer (b.1667)
1793–Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French explorer (b.1737)
1796–John Houstoun,Governor ofGeorgia (b.1744)
1816–Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (b.1743)
1866–Bernhard Riemann, Germanmathematician (b.1826)
1870–Jules de Goncourt, French writer (b.1830)
1891–Frederick Weld,Prime Minister of New Zealand (b.1823)
1897–Jean Ingelow, English poet (b.1820)

1901– 2000

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1901–William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (b.1840)
1903–Pope Leo XIII (b.1810)
1908–Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (b.1835)
1922–Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (b.1856)
1923–Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b.1878)
1926–Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinskiy, head of the Soviet secret police (b.1877)
1927– KingFerdinand of Romania (b.1865)
1932–René Bazin, French writer (b.1853)
1937–Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physics (b.1874)
1941–Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (b.1867)
1942–Germaine Dulac, Frenchmovie director (b.1882)
1944–Mildred Harris, American actress (b.1901)
1945–Paul Valéry, French writer and poet (b.1871)
1951– KingAbdullah I of Jordan (b.1882)
1951–Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern, Crown Prince of Germany (b.1882)
1953–Dumarsais Estimé,President ofHaiti (b.1900)
1953–Jan Struther, British writer (b.1901)
1955–Calouste Gulbenkian,Armenian businessman and philanthropist (b.1869)
1959–William D. Leahy, American admiral (b.1875)
1967–Albert Lutuli, South African civil rights leader, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (b. c.1898)
1970–Iain Macleod, English politician (b.1913)
1972–Friedrich Flick, German industrialist andNazi war criminal (b.1893)
1973–Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b.1940)
1982–Okot p'Bitek, Ugandan poet (b.1931)
1983–Frank Reynolds, American television news anchor (b.1923)
1986–Stanley Rous, EnglishFIFA President
1987–Richard Egan, American actor (b.1921)
1989–Forrest H. Anderson, 17thGovernor ofMontana (b.1920)
1990–Herbert Jenkins, Atlanta's longest servingpolice chief (b.1907)
1993–Vincent Foster Jr., White House deputy counsel (b.1945)
1997–John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (b.1949)
1999–Sandra Gould, American actress (b.1916)

From 2001

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2001–Carlo Giuliani, Italian anti–globalist demonstrator (b.1978)
2003–Nicolas Freeling, English writer (b.1927)
2004–Adi Lady Lala Mara, Fiji chieftainess, wife ofKamisese Mara (b.1931)
2004–Antonio Gades, Spanish dancer andchoreographer (b.1936)
2005–James Doohan, Canadian–born actor (b.1920)
2005–Charles Chibitty, World War IIComanche code talker (b.1921)
2005–Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian politician (b.1926)
2005–Kayo Hatta, American movie director (b.1958)
2005–Alfred Hayes, British–born wrestling announcer (b.1928)
2007–Tammy Faye Messner, American televangelist (b.1942)
2010–Benedikt Gröndal,Prime Minister ofIceland (b.1924)
2011–Lucian Freud, German–born Britishpainter (b.1922)
2013–Helen Thomas, Americanjournalist (b.1920)
2014–Kadhal Dhandapani, Indian actor (b.1943)
2014–Victor G. Atiyeh, American politician, 32ndGovernor ofOregon (b.1923)
2014–Klaus Schmidt, Germanarchaeologist (b.1953)
2014–Kadhal Dhandapani, Indian actor (b.1943)
2014–Panna Rittikrai, Thai martial artschoreographer,actor anddirector (b.1961)
2015–Dieter Moebius, Swiss–German electronic musician (b.1944)
2016–Radu Beligan, Romanian actor, director and essayist (b.1918)
2016–Dimitri, Swissclown (b.1935)
2016–Mohammed Shahid, Indianfield hockey player (b.1960)
2016–Pavel Sheremet,Belarusian journalist (b.1971)
2017–Marco Aurélio Garcia, Brazilian politician (b.1941)
2017–Chester Bennington, American singer and musician (Linkin Park) (b.1976)
2017–Bernhard Kempa, Germanhandball player and coach (b.1920)
2017–Kenneth Jay Lane, American costume jewellery designer (b.1932)
2017–John McCluskey, Baron McCluskey, Scottish lawyer, judge and life peer (b.1929)
2017–Claude Rich, French actor (b.1929)
2017–Jonathan Shurberg, American attorney and politician (b.1963)
2017–Jadwiga Szubartowicz, Polishsupercentenarian (b.1905)
2017–Pudsey,Border Collie performing dog (b.2005)
2018–Thaddeus Radzilowski, Polish–American historian and writer (b.1938)
2018–Christoph Westerthaler, Austrianfootballer (b.1965)
2018–Mitsuo Matayoshi, Japanese political activist (b.1944)
2019–Sheila Dikshit, Indian politician (b.1938)
2019–Ilaria Occhini, Italian actress (b.1934)
2019–Peter McNamara, Australiantennis player (b.1955)

Observances

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Independence Day inColombia
Friend's Day inArgentina
Engineer's Day (Costa Rica)
InternationalChess Day

Additional information

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In2007, the date of July 20 could have been written as 20072007, although in theUS it was mostly written as 07202007.

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