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January 3

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

January 3 is the third day of the year in theGregorian calendar.There are 362 days remaining until the end of the year(363 inleap years).

Events

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Up to 1900

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1496–Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.
1521–Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther.
1749– The first issue of theDanish newspaperBerlingske Tidende is published.
1777– American generalGeorge Washington defeats aBritish–Hessian Army underCharles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis in theBattle of Princeton.
1795–Catherine II of Russia andFrancis II, Holy Roman Emperor complete atreaty agreeing to theThird Partition of Poland.
1815–Austria, theUnited Kingdom andFrance form a secret defensivealliance againstPrussia andRussia.
1823–Stephen A. Austin receives agrant of land inTexas from theMexican government.
1848–Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the firstPresident ofLiberia.
1851– Frenchphysicist Jean Bernard Léon Foucault experiments with theFoucault pendulum to prove that theEarth rotates.
1861–Delaware votes to remain in theUnited States, and not tosecede.
1868–Meiji Restoration inJapan.
1870– Building work on theBrooklyn Bridge inNew York City begins.
1888– Therefracting telescope at theLick Observatory nearSan Jose, California, measuring91 centimeters (36 in) indiameter, is used for the first time. It was the world's largest telescope at the time.

1901–2000

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1908– TheKaziranga National Park is created inAssam, northeasternIndia.
1911– A magnitude 7.7earthquake destroysAlmaty in present–dayKazakhstan.
1918–Finland officially gains independence from theRussian Empire.
1919–Paris Peace Conference: EmirFaisal of Iraq andChaim Weizmann agree to develop aJewish homeland inPalestine and anArab nation in theMiddle East.
1925–Benito Mussolini declares that he is takingdictatorial powers inItaly.
1932–Martial law is declared inHonduras to stop a revolt bybanana workers who had been fired by theUnited Fruit Company.
1934– Amine explosion at Ossegg,Bohemia, kills 142 people.
1938–Franklin D. Roosevelt establishes theMarch of Dimes.
1945–Admiral Chester W. Nimitz is placed in command of allUS naval forces in preparation for planned attacks againstIwo Jima andOkinawa.
1956– Fire damages the top part of theEiffel Tower.
1957– TheHamilton Watch Company introduces the first electricwatch.
1958– TheWest Indies Federation is formed.
1959–Alaska becomes the 49th state of theUnited States.William Egan becomes the first StateGovernor of Alaska.
1959–Separatists in theMaldives declare the creation of theUnited Suvadive Republic.
1961– Aero Flight 311 crashes near Kavelax,Finland, killing all 25 people on board.
1961– TheUnited States endsdiplomatic relations withCuba.
1962–Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro.
1976– TheInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights comes into effect.
1977–Apple Computer is incorporated.
1980–Francisco de Sa Carneiro becomesPrime Minister ofPortugal.
1987–Aretha Franklin is inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame.
1990–Panama's leaderManuel Noriega surrenders toUnited States forces.
1992– TheUnited States andRussia officially establishdiplomatic relations.
1993– InMoscow,George H. W. Bush andBoris Yeltsin sign thesecond Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.
1994– More than 7million people from the formerapartheid homelands receiveSouth African citizenship.
1994– A Tupolev Tu–154 of Baikal Air crashes nearIrkutsk,Siberia, killing all 148 people on board.
1999– TheMars Polar Lander is launched toMars.
2000– The last original weekdayPeanutscomic strip is published.

From 2001

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2004– Flash Airlines Flight 604, aBoeing 737, crashes into theRed Sea offEgypt, killing 148 people.
2007–Kenya closes the border withSomalia and deports Somalirefugees.
2009– The first part of the decentralized payment systemBitcoin, called the Genesis Block, is established by the creator of the system,Satoshi Nakamoto.
2011–Jerry Brown replacesArnold Schwarzenegger asGovernor of California.
2015–Boko Haram militants enterBaga in NorthernNigeria and kill up to 2,000 people in the coming days.
2018–Computer analysts report two majorsecurity vulnerabilities named "Meltdown" and "Spectre", affecting themicroprocessors of all the computers in the world.

Births

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Up to 1900

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106 BC–Cicero,Roman lawyer and politicalphilosopher (d.43 BC)
1196–Emperor Tsuchimikado ofJapan (d.1231)
1698–Pietro Metastasio, Italianpoet (d.1782)
1722–Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish traveller and naturalist (d.1752)
1733–Richard Arkwright, English inventor (d.1792)
1777–Elisa Bonaparte, sister ofNapoleon (d.1820)
1789–Carl Gustav Carus, Germanpolymath (d.1869)
1793–Lucretia Mott, Americanwomen's rights activist (d.1880)
1794–Joseph Lebeau, 2ndPrime Minister of Belgium (d.1865)
1802–Félix Dupanloup, Frenchbishop (d.1878)
1806–Henriette Sontag, Germansoprano (d.1854)
1810–Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer,ethnologist,linguist andastronomer (d.1897)
1812–Elisha M. Pease,Governor ofTexas (d.1883)
1817–Thomas E. Bramlette,Governor ofKentucky (d.1875)
1819–Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian–Scottishastronomer (d.1900)
1819–Thomas H. Watts,Governor ofAlabama (d.1892)
1829–Konrad Duden, German teacher,philologist andlexicographer (d.1911)
1831–Savitribai Phule, Indian socialactivist and educator (d.1897)
1840–Father Damien,Belgian missionary and doctor inHawaii (d.1889)
1861–Ernest Renshaw, Britishtennis player (d.1899)
1861–William Renshaw, Britishtennis player (d.1904)
1862–Matthew Nathan, BritishGovernor ofQueensland (d.1939)
1865–Henry Lytton, British actor andopera singer (d.1936)
1874–Henry Newton, Americangolfer (d.1946)
1875–Alexandros Diomidis, 145thPrime Minister ofGreece (d.1950)
1876–Wilhelm Pieck, German politician (d.1960)
1879–Grace Coolidge,First Lady of the United States (d.1957)
1883–Clement Attlee,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.1967)
1884–Raoul von Koczalski, Polishpianist andcomposer (d.1948)
1886–Grigory Neujmin, Georgian–Russianastronomer (d.1946)
1887–Helen Parkhurst, American educator, writer and lecturer (d.1973)
1888–George B. Seitz, Americanmovie director andwriter (d.1944)
1892–J. R. R. Tolkien, English writer (d.1973)
1894–ZaSu Pitts, American actress (d.1963)
1895–Borys Lyatoshynsky, Ukrainian composer (d.1973)
1897–Marion Davies, American actress (d.1961)
1897–Pola Negri, Polish–American actress (d.1987)
1898–Carolyn Haywood, American children's writer (d.1990)

1901–1950

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1901–Ngo Dinh Diem, Vietnamese politician (d.1963)
1905–Anna May Wong, Chinese–American actress (d.1961)
1906–William Wilson Morgan, Americanastronomer (d.1994)
1907–Ray Milland, Welsh actor and director (d.1986)
1909–Victor Borge,Danish comedian andpianist (d.2000)
1910–John Sturges, Americandirector andproducer (d.1992)
1912–Federico Borrell Garcia, Spanish Republican soldier (d.1936)
1915–Mady Rahl, German actress (d.2009)
1916–Bernard Greenhouse, Americancellist (d.2011)
1916–Betty Furness, American actress (d.1994)
1916–Maxene Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d.1995)
1919–Dorothy Morrison, American actress
1919–Herbie Nichols, Americanpianist andcomposer (d.1963)
1920–Siegfried Buback,Attorney General ofGermany (d.1977)
1920–Renato Carosone, Italianpianist (d.2001)
1921–Chetan Anand, Indianmovie director andscreenwriter (d.1997)
1921–Jean-Louis Koszul, Frenchmathematician (d.2018)
1922–Bill Travers, British actor and director (d.1994)
1923–Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi,Prime Minister ofEgypt (d.2014)
1926–George Martin, English music producer (d.2016)
1926–W. Michael Blumenthal, 64thUnited States Secretary of the Treasury and former Director of theJewish museum inBerlin
1927–Nazmiye Demirel, First Lady ofTurkey (d.2013)
1927–Janaki Ballabh Patnaik, Indianpolitician (d.2015)
1929–Sergio Leone, Italianmovie director (d.1989)
1930–Robert Loggia, American actor (d.2015)
1932–Coo Coo Marlin, Americanracing driver (d.2005)
1932–Eeles Landström, Finnish athlete
1932–Dabney Coleman, American actor
1934–Carla Anderson Hills, American politician
1937–Glen A. Larson, Americandirector,producer andscreenwriter (d.2014)
1938–Ove Andersson, Swedish rally driver (d.2008)
1939–Arik Einstein, Israeli singer (d.2013)
1939–Bobby Hull, Canadianice hockey player
1942–Laszlo Solyom, formerPresident of Hungary
1942–John Thaw, British actor (d.2002)
1943–Jarl Alfredius, Swedishjournalist (d.2009)
1944–Van Dyke Parks, Americansinger-songwriter,producer andactor
1944–David Atherton, Englishconductor
1945–Stephen Stills, Americanmusician
1945–David Starkey, Englishhistorian
1946–John Paul Jones, English musician (Led Zeppelin)
1947–Fran Cotton, Englishrugby player
1948–Manfred Kokot, Germanathlete
1949–Sylvia Likens, Americantorture victim (d.1965)
1950–Victoria Principal, American actress

1951–1975

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1952–Gianfranco Fini, Italian politician
1952–Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish politician
1953–Mohammed Waheed Hassan, formerPresident of theMaldives
1953–Peter Taylor, Englishfootballer
1955–Palmolive, Spanish–Englishdrummer
1956–Mel Gibson, Australian–American actor and director
1956–Guy Ryder, Britishlabour activist
1958–Shim Hyung-rae, South Koreanmovie maker
1960–Daniela Schadt, Germanjournalist
1962–Gavin Hastings, Scottishrugby player
1963–Stewart Hosie, Scottish politician
1963–Till Lindemann, German singer (Rammstein)
1967–Magnus Gustafsson, Swedishtennis player
1968–Kent Carlsson, Swedishtennis player
1969–Michael Schumacher, Germanracing driver
1969–Gerda Weissensteiner, Italianbobsledder andluger
1971–Sarah Alexander, British actress
1971–Cory Cross, Americanice hockey player
1972–Janek Kiisman,Estonian footballer
1975–Danica McKellar, British actress
1975–Thomas Bangalter, FrenchDJ andproducer (Daft Punk)

From 1976

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1976–Angelos Basinas, Greekfootballer
1977–Lee Bowyer, Englishfootballer
1977–Michelle Stephenson, English singer (Spice Girls)
1978–Liya Kebede,Ethiopian model
1978–Mike York, Americanice hockey player
1979–Dina Tersago, Belgianmodel andtelevision host
1981–Eli Manning,American football player
1982–Park Ji-yoon, South Koreansinger,actress andmodel
1982–Lasse Nilsson, Swedishfootballer
1984–Billy Mehmet, Irishfootballer
1984–Maximilian Mechler, German ski jumper
1985–Linas Kleiza,Lithuanian basketball player
1986–Dana Hussain, Iraqiathlete
1986–Jessica O'Rourke, Americansoccer player
1986–Lloyd, American singer
1988–Ikechi Anya, Scottishfootballer
1988–Matt Frattin, Canadianice hockey player
1989–Ayaka Umeda, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1989–Kohei Uchimura, Japanesegymnast
1989–Alex D. Linz, American actor
1991–Darius Morris, Americanbasketball player
1992–Doug McDermott, Americanbasketball player
1993–Kevin Ware, Americanbasketball player
1995–Kim Seol-hyun, South Koreanactress andsinger
1997–Rahul Shah, Indian cricketer
2003–Greta Thunberg, Swedishclimate change activist

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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235– St.Anterus,Pope
323–Jin Yuandi,Chinese Emperor (b.276)
492–Pope Felix III
502–Genevieve of Paris, PatronSaint ofParis
1322– KingPhilip V of France (b.1293)
1437–Catherine of Valois, wife of KingHenry V of England (b.1401)
1543–Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, first European to visitCalifornia (b.1499)
1571–Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (b.1505)
1641–Jeremiah Horrocks,English astronomer (b. ca.1619)
1670–George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (b.1608)
1701–Prince Louis I of Monaco (b.1642)
1705–Luca Giordano,Italian painter (b.1634)
1785–Baldassare Galuppi,Italian composer (b.1706)
1795–Josiah Wedgwood, Englishpottery maker (b.1730)
1863–John Branch,Governor ofNorth Carolina (b.1782)
1875–Pierre Larousse, Frencheditor andencyclopedist (b.1817)
1881–Anna McNeill Whistler, mother ofJames Whistler (b.1804)
1895–James Merritt Ives, Americanlithographer and businessman (b.1804)

1901–2000

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1903–Alois Hitler, father ofAdolf Hitler (b.1837)
1904–Larin Paraske,Finnish runic singer (b.1834)
1915–James Elroy Flecker, Englishpoet, writer andplaywright (b.1884)
1916–Grenville M. Dodge, American general (b.1831)
1923–Jaroslav Hasek, Czechnovelist (b.1883)
1927–Carl Runge, Germanmathematician (b.1856)
1933–Wilhelm Cuno,Chancellor of Germany (b.1876)
1933–Jack Pickford, Canadianactor (b.1896)
1943–Walter James, 5thPremier of Western Australia (b.1863)
1945–Edgar Cayce, Americanpsychic (b.1877)
1946–William Joyce, Irish Nazipropagandist (executed) (b.1906)
1950–Emil Jannings, Swissactor (b.1884)
1956–Alexander Gretchaninov,Russian composer (b.1864)
1959–Edwin Muir, Scottishpoet, writer and translator (b.1887)
1967–Jack Ruby, killer ofLee Harvey Oswald (b.1911)
1974–Gino Cervi, Italian actor (b.1901)
1979–Conrad Hilton, Americanhotelier (b.1887)
1980–Joy Adamson, Czechconservationist andwriter (b.1910)
1980–Lucien Buysse,Belgian cyclist (b.1892)
1981–Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, the last grandchild ofQueen Victoria (b.1883)
1982–Fritz Laband, Germanfootballer (b.1925)
1988–Rose Auslander, German poet (b.1901)
1988–Gaston Eyskens,Prime Minister of Belgium (b.1905)
1989–Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, Russianmathematician (b.1909)
1992– DameJudith Anderson, Australianactress (b.1897)

From 2001

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2001–José Greco,flamenco dancer (b.1918)
2002–Freddy Heineken, DutchCEO ofHeineken (b.1923)
2003–Sid Gillman, Americanfootball coach (b.1911)
2004–Des Corcoran, 37thPremier of South Australia (b.1928)
2004–Leon Wagner, AmericanMLB All-Star (b.1934)
2005–Jyotindra Nath Dixit,Indian national security advisor and former foreign secretary (b.1936)
2005–Will Eisner,American comic book artist and pioneeringgraphic novelist (b.1917)
2005–Koo Chen-fu,Chinese negotiator with thePRC (b.1917)
2006–Bill Skate,Prime Minister ofPapua New Guinea (b.1954)
2008–Yo Sam-Choi, South Koreanboxer (b.1972)
2008–Werner Dollinger, German politician and economist (b.1918)
2009–Pat Hingle, American actor (b.1924)
2010–Mary Daly, Americantheologian and scholar (b.1928)
2012–Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer (b.1924)
2013–Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian movie director, actor and politician (b.1930)
2013–Burry Stander, South Africancyclist (b.1987)
2014–Leon de Wolff, Dutchjournalist (b.1948)
2014–George Goodman, American economics professor (b.1930)
2014–Phil Everly, American singer and musician (Everly Brothers) (b.1939)
2014–Alicia Rhett, American actress (b.1915)
2014–Saul Zaentz, American movie producer (b.1921)
2015–Edward Brooke, American politician,United States Senator fromMassachusetts (b.1919)
2015–Derek Minter, Britishmotorcycle racer (b.1932)
2015–Bernice Madigan, Americansupercentenarian (b.1899)
2015–Olga Knyazeva, Russianfencer (b.1954)
2016–Peter Naur, Danishcomputer scientist (b.1928)
2016–Bill Plager, Canadianice hockey player (b.1945)
2016–C. B. Forgotston, American political blogger (b.1945)
2016–Igor Sergun, Russian military officer (b.1957)
2016–Paul Bley, Canadianjazz pianist (b.1932)
2016–Stephen W. Bosworth, Americandiplomat (b.1939)
2016–Amby Fogarty, Irishfootballer (b.1933)
2016–Demmus Hentze,Faroese politician (b.1923)
2016–Peter Powell, English kite maker (b.1932)
2016–Georg Nees, German academic and artist (b.1926)
2016–Tommy Sale, Englishrugby league player (b.1918)
2017–Charles J. Colgan, American politician (b.1925)
2017–Rolf Noskwith, German–British businessman (b.1919)
2017–Igor Volk, Ukrainian–Russiancosmonaut (b.1937)
2017–Rodney Bennett, Britishtelevision director (b.1935)
2017–Martin Brandtner, American Marine Corps general (b.1938)
2017–Mike Buchanan, Canadianice hockey player (b.1932)
2018–Fred Bass, American bookseller (b.1928)
2019–Herb Kelleher, American businessman (b.1931)
2020–Qasem Soleimani, Iranian general (b.1957)
2022–Beatrice Mintz, Americanembryologist (b.1921)
2022–Viktor Saneyev, Georgian triple jumper and Olympic champion (b.1945)

Observances

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Statehood Day (Alaska)
Perihelion, on or around this date, whenEarth is at its closest point to theSun during its orbit.

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